Using numerical modelling to evaluate tsunami hazard near the Kuril Island     

L. B. Chubarov  Yu. I. Shokin  K. V. Simonov 《Natural Hazards》1992,5(3):293-318

A sequence of computer experiments is used to study questions concerning the tsunami problem as a quantitative estimate of tsunami danger, detailed geographical tsunami classification, determination of the parameters of critical tsunami waves, and the conditions of their development. We call a wave critical, if its impact on the coast is most hazardous.Using the Middle Kuril Island as an example, we present the results of a computer experiment which includes determining the wavefields on the shelf and estimating the effects connected with the deep-water Bussol and Diana Straits.Numerical simulation of tsunami waves of different sources permits the assessment of the extent of tsunami danger in different areas of the coastal zone of Simushir Island, depending on the location of the focus zone and their geometry.The major singularities of the wavefield arise in the zones of the deep-water straits. The distribution of the amplification factors is determined by both the global parameters of the wavefields and the local properties of individual harbours. The results obtained for a particular harbour in the northern part of Simushir Island, formed the basis for the quantitative estimate of tsunami danger for this area.  相似文献   

Analysis on the sources of mercury in soils in the Chengdu Basin, China     

Limin REN Bing QIN Wenchun TANG Zhendong MA Yikeng HU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):10-10

Mercury is a pollutant of concern due to its toxic and bioaccumulative properties. Studies on the distribution and hazard of mercury in the environment are mainly focused on its forms, toxicity and the environment standard, and progresses and results have been achieved. But these studies in the past were concentrated on the scales of laboratory or smaller districts merely, such as a small unit of mineral area, vegetable base, paddy field, lake, etc. Multi-target regional geochemical survey carried out by China Geological Survey from the 1990s to now is a fundamental and commonweal geological survey, large-scale and systematical inquisition and research were conducted in 19 provinces （or municipalities directly under the Central Government） in the eastern overlay region of China, and the purpose is to provide the basic geochemical data for national economic construction, adjustment of industrial and agricultural structures and sustainable social development. Geochemical studies aim at investigating soils in these regions and 52 elements have been tested, producing a great amount of data at the same time. Methods： based on the data from 3061 samples of surface soil and 832 samples of deep soil from the project of multi-purpose geochemical survey in the Chengdu Basin, Sichuan, China, this paper describes the correlation relationship between Hg and other 48 elements and their spatial distribution in surface and deep soils of these areas by applying the method of linear regression and factor analysis.  相似文献   

Ecological risk assessment for heavy metal contamination of a new consideration Agricultural soils     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):123-123

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顶管施工中顶力与顶程关系及其影响因素分析     

向安田丁文其  朱合华 《探矿工程》2006,33(10):29-31,34

以上海某长距离急曲线顶管工程为例，通过现场实测4节管段顶进过程中的顶力，研究了顶力随顶程的变化规律，系统分析了顶进过程中顶力的主要影响因素，得到了一些有用的结论。  相似文献   

山丘型地区钉螺孳生数量与植被和土壤环境因子的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蒋俊明  何亚平  费世民  黄玲玲  陈秀明  张旭东  徐嘉  何飞 《湿地科学与管理》2006,2(4):33-39

本文研究了四川仁寿山丘型地区钉螺孳生与植被和环境因素的关系。结果表明:(1)草本群落物种丰富度、草本盖度、草本高度影响钉螺的孳生数量,钉螺分布适宜的草本群落的物种丰富度为4～14,草本群落盖度为60%～100%,高度为20～50cm;(2)土壤水分含量、温度和盐分均影响钉螺的孳生数量,钉螺分布最适宜的土壤水分含量为20%～60%,温度为15～30℃,盐分为60～120ms/m;(3)各环境因子和钉螺密度曲线可以看出,物种丰富度、草本高度、草本盖度、土壤水分含量、土壤温度和盐分含量与钉螺密度间均呈现抛物线或抛物线状曲线;(4)在样地和样方水平,土壤水分含量和钉螺密度存在稳定的线性相关关系,表明土壤水分含量是影响钉螺孳生的主导因素。因此,钉螺对各环境因素存在适应范围,表明钉螺对潮湿环境具有严格的选择性和依赖性,这种生态特性和钉螺本身的生物学特征密切相连。  相似文献   

Powder factors in asymmetric blast patterns     

A. T. Spathis 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2006,10(3):97-109

A cell powder factor defines the local powder factor in a simple geometric procedure that accounts for the charge in each blast hole and the triangulation formed by blast hole collars in a blast pattern. In the case of asymmetric blast patterns, the cell powder factor deviates from the global powder factor. Poor drilling of blast hole collars produces significant variation in the cell powder factor, more so, than does poor blast hole charging. The cell powder factor does not account for timing within a blast and does not easily handle non-parallel blast hole configurations. The cell powder factor is best used as a design or audit tool before blast holes are loaded. It gives the opportunity to correct for poor drilling and/or poor charging practices prior to firing a blast.  相似文献   

River bank erosion control by soil nailing   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Satyendra Mittal  A. K. Biswas 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1821-1833

A study has been done for analysing soil nailed cuts with circular type wedge failure by friction circle method. Various parameters such as nail length, nail diameter, nail inclination, wall inclination and angle of internal friction of soil have been considered to determine the factor of safety of nailed open cuts. The study shows that for cohesionless soil nailed cut, factor of safety increase with increase of parameters like angle of internal friction of soil, length of nail (L) versus height of cut (H) ratio, cohesion of soil and nail inclination (upto 15°) with horizontal. The study revealed that nails grouted with cement perform better than driven nails. A case study further confirms the analytical findings. Received 7 October  相似文献   

Break out resistance of inclined anchors in sand     

Shubhra Goel  Shalini  Nihar Ranjan Patra 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1511-1525

Inclined anchors are widely used in a variety of civil engineering problems to resist oblique loads, most relevant being in transmission towers and in rocks and dams for structural strengthening. In the present study, the breakout resistance of the inclined anchors in sand has been worked out using limit equilibrium approach. The breakout resistance has been calculated for different soil friction angles with varying relative depth ratio and anchor inclination. The break out factor increases continuously with the inclination of the anchor. A comparison of predicted values of break out resistance of anchors by the proposed analysis with the experimental values as reported by the other researchers showed reasonably good agreement.  相似文献   

用强度折减法和FLAC^3D计算边坡的安全系数   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李新坡陈永波  王永杰何思明 王成华 《山地学报》2006,24(B10):235-239

对采用强度折减法和FLAC^3D计算边坡的安全系数问题进行了研究。对边坡破坏的判断标准、边坡滑面位置的确定及计算参数对安全系数计算结果的影响进行了分析。结果表明，用FLAC计算时，边坡的破坏可以通过节点最大不平衡力突变、节点最大速度突变、特定点位移的不收敛等特征进行判断，同时边坡破坏的滑面也可以由速度等值线图等方法表示出来。另外，通过分析发现，弹性常数、剪胀角等参数对安全系数计算结果的影响不大。  相似文献   

我国高寒草甸植被生产力及其影响因子     

罗丹  张宏  泽柏 《山地学报》2006,24(B10):275-281

生物量是重要的植物群落数量特征，直接反映生态系统生产者的物质生产量，是生态系统生产力的重要体现。高寒草甸广泛分布于青藏高原，是高寒生态系统的主要植被类型。回顾了高寒草甸生物量的研究成果。高寒草甸生物量呈典型的金字塔式垂直分布格局，地上生物量主要集中于0—10cm的冠层，地下生物量也集中分布于0—10cm的土层内。增温和多雨会降低生物量，叶面积和物种丰富度与地上生物量成正相关关系，氮素的增加有助于植被生物量的增长，而放牧率与生物量成显著负相关。  相似文献