防渗墙粗粒土槽孔泥皮的抗渗性试验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李建军  邵生俊  杨扶银  杨春鸣 《岩土力学》2012,33(4):1087-1093

通过自制泥浆渗透试验仪,针对粗粒土地基防渗墙泥皮的渗透稳定性问题,开展了护壁泥皮抗渗性能的试验研究。结果表明,泥皮具有明显的截渗作用;不同压差作用下泥浆渗透形成的泥皮具有不同的抗渗特性,压差越大、泥皮越致密,抵抗渗透破坏的能力越强,泥皮的渗透性也就越小;反压渗水作用下泥皮的抗渗性能较正压渗水作用下的抗渗性能差;随着水力作用持续时间的增长,泥皮的结构发生变化,孔隙增大,流速逐渐增大,在较大水力梯度作用下会发生破坏;泥皮的临界水力梯度与其形成时压差作用大小有关,泥皮形成压差越大,正、反向渗水的临界水力梯度越大;反之,临界水力梯度越小。关于泥皮抗渗性能的深化认识,对于完善防渗墙设计与施工具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

挥发性有机物污染泥浆固化稳定化试验研究     

夏威夷  杜延军  魏明俐  薄煜琳  宋德君 《岩土力学》2016,37(5):1281-1290

针对有机污染场地修复施工过程中出现的冒浆现象,选取2种典型有机污染泥浆,通过多组室内试验,对比分析了4种固化剂的固化稳定效果。结果表明：4种固化剂均有较好的减水效果,典型泥浆I的含水率28 d降幅可达45%,而典型泥浆II的28 d减水效果以固化剂A（5%水泥）最优,其含水率降幅为37%;固化土样孔隙水电导率EC随龄期先升高后降低,其峰值出现在3 d或7 d;固化土样pH值总体随龄期而增大,且典型泥浆II的pH值明显高于典型泥浆I;泥浆固化后qu值随龄期发展而快速增长,且典型泥浆I强度远高于典型泥浆II,并以固化剂A、C固化增强效果最佳,28 d时固化剂C固化的典型泥浆I、II的qu值分别达到233、48 kPa;添加固化剂尤其是含凹凸棒土的固化剂B、D能有效降低有机污染物的浸出,其28 d龄期对典型泥浆I、II的稳定率超过81%。固化泥浆EC、pH值与qu值关系具有明显规律,可反映其强度生长状况。  相似文献   

砂土地层泥水盾构泥膜形成时间及泥浆压力转化率的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏代伟  朱伟  闵凡路 《岩土力学》2014,299(2):423-428

泥水盾构施工中,维持开挖面稳定的关键是要在开挖面及时形成微渗透的泥膜,才能将泥浆压力转化为有效应力来平衡开挖面的土压力。开挖面处的泥膜是动态泥膜,所以泥膜的形成时间是影响泥膜能否有效支护开挖面稳定的重要因素。利用自行设计的泥膜形成时间测量试验装置,在3种地层中,利用5种泥浆开展泥浆渗透成膜试验,研究泥膜的形成时间及相关规律。研究表明,在泥皮型渗透中泥膜的形成时间一般为10 s左右,泥浆性质及粒径对泥膜的形成时间有重要影响。讨论了国内外部分大型泥水盾构泥膜形成时间,发现泥膜从破坏到形成、再到破坏的时间间隔为5～20 s不等,因此,在实际施工中需要调整泥浆性质,使泥膜形成时间小于泥膜从破坏到再破坏的时间。  相似文献   

钻（冲）孔灌注桩泥浆性能指标及应用     

张昌城 《福建地质》2009,28(4):352-354

根据长期施工经验,介绍钻（冲）孔灌注桩基础施工过程中,泥浆的主要性能和指标值,及在复杂地层中泥浆性能调整与应用。  相似文献   

页岩气基础地质调查万地1井钻井堵漏技术          下载免费PDF全文

李得新  首照兵  吴金生 《探矿工程》2017,44(2):23-26

米仓山-大巴山前缘页岩气基础地质调查万地1井钻遇二叠系吴家坪组巨厚层硅灰岩、燧石灰岩,坚硬致密,裂隙、溶隙、溶洞极发育,钻进过程中钻井液漏失严重甚至失返,造成钻进困难。先后采用了随钻堵漏、桥接材料堵漏、水泥砂浆堵漏、胶质泥浆-水泥浆堵漏、拦截式堵漏工艺技术,基本解决了钻进中钻井液失返问题。  相似文献   

Pull-out behaviour of wood bolt fully grouted by PS-F slurry in rammed earth heritages     

Jingke Zhang  Zuixiong Li  Wenwu Chen  Xudong Wang  Qinglin Guo  Nan Wang 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(4):279-290

This article presents a laboratory and field investigation of pull-out resistance of wood bolts in rammed earth heritages. The laboratory testing involved axial tensile tests of four grout specimens prepared in specially designed moulds using PS-F (Potassium Silicate solution-Fly ash) slurry to investigate the performance of anchors. The field testing involved pull-out tests of three wood anchors installed in rammed earth heritages by gravity grouting. Experiments reveal that the failure mode is the pull-out of bolt from grout and average skin friction resistance of bolt–grout interface is approximately 0.34MPa. Load–displacement curves and elastic–residual displacement derived from cyclic loading indicate such anchor system has strong ductility with small elastic deformation and large residual deformation. Bond collapse firstly occurs at the loaded end and then propagates towards the full bonded length. Bond stress distribution is not uniform along the bonded length. Maximum bond stress distributes at the range from 0.3 m to 0.4 m. Emergence of compressive strain in the interface reveals such anchor system enjoys the advantages of both tensile and compressive anchor types, which significantly differs from results from other regular bolts. The research conclusion makes scientific senses to traditional material and craft in rammed earth heritages.  相似文献   

Experimental analysis on the impact force of viscous debris flow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Peng Cui  Chao Zeng  Yu Lei 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(12):1644-1655

A miniaturized flume experiment was carried out to measure impact forces of viscous debris flow. The flow depth (7.2–11.2 cm), velocity (2.4–5.2 m/s) and impact force were recorded during the experiment. The impact process of debris flow can be divided into three phases by analyzing the variation of impact signals and flow regime. The three phases are the sudden strong impact of the debris flow head, continuous dynamic pressure of the body and slight static pressure of the tail. The variation of impact process is consistent with the change in the flow regime. The head has strong–rapid impact pressure, which is shown as a turbulent‐type flow; the body approximates to steady laminar flow. Accordingly, the process of debris flows hitting structures was simplified to a triangle shape, ignoring the pressure of the tail. In order to study the distribution of the debris flow impact force at different depths and variation of the impact process over time, the impact signals of slurry and coarse particles were separated from the original signals using wavelet analysis. The slurry's dynamic pressure signal appears to be a smooth curve, and the peak pressure is 12–34 kPa when the debris flow head hits the sensors, which is about 1.54 ± 0.36 times the continuous dynamic pressure of the debris flow body. The limit of application of the empirical parameter α in the hydraulic formula was also noted. We introduced the power function relationship of α and the Froude number of debris flows, and proposed a universal model for calculating dynamic pressure. The impact pressure of large particles has the characteristic of randomness. The mean frequency of large particles impacting the sensor is 210 ± 50–287 ± 29 times per second, and it is 336 ± 114–490 ± 69 times per second for the debris flow head, which is greater than that in the debris flow body. Peak impact pressure of particles at different flow depths is 40–160 kPa, which is 3.2 ± 1.5 times the impact pressure of the slurry at the bottom of the flow, 3.1 ± 0.9 times the flow in the middle, and 3.3 ± 0.9 times the flow at the surface. The differences in impact frequency indicate that most of the large particles concentrate in the debris flow head, and the number of particles in the debris flow head increases with height. This research supports the study of solid–liquid two phase flow mechanisms, and helps engineering design and risk assessment in debris flow prone areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

泥石流浆体与大颗粒冲击力特征的试验研究     

曾超  苏志满  雷雨  余健 《岩土力学》2015,36(7):1923-1930

开展了密度为1 400～2 200 kg/m3的泥石流浆体、浆体与大颗粒混合流体的冲击力试验,获取了流速为2.8～4.9 m/s条件下31组冲击力试验数据。采用小波分析方法有效地去除了冲击力数据中的噪声信号,依据离散傅里叶变换（FFT）为基础的频谱分析结果,将低频泥石流浆体冲击和高频大颗粒冲击的临界频率值界定为2 Hz,实现了浆体和大颗粒冲击信号的分离。目前水动力学公式中待定系数α缺乏统一的确定方法,以不同地区157组泥石流观测和试验数据为基础,建立了待定系数?与流体Fr数的幂函数关系,形成可表征不同流态,且弱化尺度效应的浆体动压力计算公式。与泥石流浆体平滑信号相比,大颗粒冲击压力具有一定随机性。泥石流大颗粒冲击次数与频率随大颗粒的质量比增加而增大,其质量比从0.05增至0.21时,冲击总次数从1 305次增至2 838次,冲击频率从82次/s增至195次/s,且龙头段大颗粒的冲击频率高于后续泥石流体。测得大颗粒的压力约为60 kPa,是相同密度和流速下浆体动压力的3倍。随着大颗粒比例的增加,上部1#和2#传感器测得大颗粒冲击频率增加量明显高于下部3#～6#。说明随着流体中大颗粒比例上升,颗粒物质多集中于泥石流上部或表层运动,也佐证了泥石流运动中大颗粒多集中在龙头顶部的认识。对大颗粒和浆体冲击规律的分析可为固液两相流运动机制研究和防治工程设计以及承灾体易损性定量评估提供合理参数。  相似文献   

添加絮凝药剂的尾矿砂浆充填材料的单轴抗压强度试验研究     

吴文 《岩土力学》2010,31(11):3367-3372

尾矿充填主要包括3种类型：尾矿砂浆充填、尾矿糊状充填（paste fill）和废矿石充填（rock fill）,其中前面两种充填属于水力充填,第3种属于干式充填。3种充填方法在加拿大的矿山都有应用。压缩强度和渗透性是水力充填材料的关键力学特性,直接影响井下充填的效果。一方面,为了使充填材料具有一定的强度,必须在尾矿砂浆（slurry backfill）材料中添加水泥,其用量非常大,水泥在充填成本中占有很大的比例。另一方面,尾矿砂浆水力充填是利用水力旋流器来分级固体颗粒,颗粒较细的部分将通过溢流派到废矿池中,颗粒较粗的部分回收利用作为井下充填的材料使用,有时充填的尾矿数量不够,需要另外购置砂子混合作为充填材料。如何减少水泥的使用量和从水力旋流器底流增加尾矿砂的细颗粒的固体部分产量,以达到节约充填成本的目的,一直是矿山企业所面临的重要课题。为此,专门研究絮凝药剂对尾矿砂浆充填材料的单轴抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,絮凝药剂能够大幅度地提高尾矿砂浆充填材料的强度,而且絮凝药剂使用量有一个最优值,使强度达到最大。当过量使用絮凝药剂,尾矿砂浆充填材料的强度则有所降低。  相似文献   

泥水盾构泥膜动态形成机制研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

白云  孔祥鹏  廖少明 《岩土力学》2010,31(Z2):19-24

随着大直径泥水盾构的广泛应用,盾构掘进过程切削成层土的可能性越来越大,常规的静力平衡的方法不能有效地控制开挖面的稳定。从泥膜形成的机制入手,将泥水仓中的泥浆视为由液相和颗粒相组成的两相流,将开挖地层视为多孔介质,利用多相流在多孔介质中的渗流特性提出了泥膜动态形成的过滤模型。此模型将泥膜视为控制体,并认为泥膜形成过程中遵守质量守恒和体积守恒定律,从边界条件上认为单位时间内从单元体内排出水量与土体积的压缩量相等。过滤模型较好地揭示了泥水盾构掘进过程中泥膜的动态形成过程和开挖地层力学性质的动态变化过程,对泥水盾构正面稳定有较为重要的意义。  相似文献