Thermal expansion of francisite, [Cu3BiO2](SeO3)2Cl, and its interpretation based on oxocentered copper-bismuth tetrahedra     

E. V. Nazarchuk  S. V. Krivovichev  O. Yu. Pankratova  S. K. Filatov 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2000,27(6):440-444

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Structural thermal behavior of paragonite and its dehydroxylate: a high-temperature single-crystal study     

P. Comodi  P. F. Zanazzi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2000,27(6):377-385

 The lattice constants of paragonite-2M₁, NaAl₂(AlSi₃)O₁₀(OH)₂, were determined to 800 °C by the single-crystal diffraction method. Mean thermal expansion coefficients, in the range 25–600 °C, were: α_a = 1.51(8) × 10⁻⁵, α_b = 1.94(6) × 10⁻⁵, α_c = 2.15(7) ×  10⁻⁵ °C⁻¹, and α_V = 5.9(2) × 10⁻⁵ °C⁻¹. At T higher than 600 °C, cell parameters showed a change in expansion rate due to a dehydroxylation process. The structural refinements of natural paragonite, carried out at 25, 210, 450 and 600 °C, before dehydroxylation, showed that the larger thermal expansion along the c parameter was mainly due to interlayer thickness dilatation. In the 25–600 °C range, Si,Al tetrahedra remained quite unchanged, whereas the other polyhedra expanded linearly with expansion rate proportional to their volume. The polyhedron around the interlayer cation Na became more regular with temperature. Tetrahedral rotation angle α changed from 16.2 to 12.9°. The structure of the new phase, nominally NaAl₂ (AlSi₃)O₁₁, obtained as a consequence of dehydroxylation, had a cell volume 4.2% larger than that of paragonite. It was refined at room temperature and its expansion coefficients determined in the range 25–800 °C. The most significant structural difference from paragonite was the presence of Al in fivefold coordination, according to a distorted trigonal bipyramid. Results confirm the structural effects of the dehydration mechanism of micas and dioctahedral 2:1 layer silicates. By combining thermal expansion and compressibility data, the following approximate equation of state in the PTV space was obtained for paragonite: V/V ₀ = 1 + 5.9(2) × 10⁻⁵ T(°C) − 0.00153(4) P(kbar). Received: 12 July 1999 / Revised, accepted: 7 December 1999  相似文献   

过氧化氢对两种海洋微藻的毒性效应研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

董正臻  董振芳  丁德文  李青松 《海洋科学进展》2004,22(3):320-327

运用可见分光光度法,研究了不同H2O2浓度和不同作用时间对青岛大扁藻(P.helgolandica var.tsingdaoensis)和新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium)的毒性效应,得到了H2O2对两种藻72h的抑制率,并且在同-H2O2浓度条件下,对不同生长期和不同浓度细胞的毒性作用进行了对比。结果表明,低浓度的H2O2对微藻种群增长有微弱的促进作用,随着H2O2浓度的增加,促进作用变为抑制作用,抑制率也由负变正,并且H2O2浓度越大、作用时间越长其毒性作用越大;H2O2浓度相同时,对微藻生长的抑制作用随着细胞浓度的增大而减小,而且对稳定期细胞的抑制作用大于指数期细胞。  相似文献   

基于剪胀理论的嵌岩桩嵌岩段荷载传递法分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

董平  秦然 《岩土力学》2003,24(2):215-219

结合桩岩作用的剪滑扩张规律,建立了适于弱质岩石嵌岩桩嵌岩段的荷载传递函数及相应的解析解。从理论上较好解释了桩端阻力随嵌岩比H/D的变化关系,分析了桩侧岩壁性质、桩端岩性等因素对单桩沉降与桩端阻力的影响,并提出了有关的设计建议。  相似文献   

凸壳原理用于城市用地空间扩展类型识别   总被引：76，自引：3，他引：73  

刘纪远  王新生  庄大方  张稳  胡文岩 《地理学报》2003,58(6):885-892

针对目前尚缺乏定量方法确定城市用地扩展类型的问题,首次提出了利用计算几何中凸壳原理识别城市用地扩展类型的新方法,阐述了该方法实现步骤和判别标准,凸壳方法可以区分城市用地扩展的两种类型,即填充类型和延伸类型。基于国家资源环境数据库,应用研究的结果表明,从1990年到2000年,安徽省城市用地扩展类型以填充类型为主,而用地扩展的结果导致城市形态的变化,这一时期安徽省城市轮廓平面形态逐渐趋于紧凑。  相似文献   

大震前区域地震活动应变场的时空异常特征     

罗国富  屠弘为  丁风和 《地震》2019,39(2):63-76

本文基于自然正交函数展开方法, 以地震应变为变量, 计算1980年以来中国大陆7级以上大震前的地震应变, 提取出大震前区域地震活动应变场的时空异常。 结果表明大震前时间因子在平稳背景上会出现突跳上升或突跳下降异常变化。 一般情况下, 前4个应变场中至少有3个出现异常变化, 异常分布具有多分量特点, 出现的最早时间大约在震前3年, 少数出现在震前1~6个月。 对比应变场时间因子异常与研究区域每个网格单元(0.5°×0.5°)内的地震能量时间因子异常形态的相似性、 时间的一致性, 找出地震应变场空间异常位置。 结果表明, 多数大震前的空间异常分布在主震震中周围; 少数大震的空间异常远离主震震中。 产生这种现象的原因是大震前与主震不同距离的单元网格内发生中短期或者临震的震群、 显著地震等地震活动性异常。  相似文献   

Fragility function development and seismic loss assessment of expansion joints     

Yu Otsuki  Masahiro Kurata  Konstantinos A. Skalomenos  Yoshiki Ikeda  Motoki Akazawa 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(9):1007-1029

Expansion joints are used as a special connection equipment between adjacent buildings to accommodate the relative motions generated by wind, thermal, or earthquake loads, but they often exhibit damage during severe earthquakes. The level of damage and safety factors required to avoid loss of function are not well considered in current design practices. The objective of this paper is to provide quantitative information on the seismic damage probability of common expansion joints and the associated repair costs. The designer and engineer can refer to this information as a basis for decision making in the selection of expansion joints. Four common types of expansion joints are considered: high- and standard-performance floor and wall expansion joints, whose damage states have been evaluated recently by the authors through shaking table tests. First, the fragility functions of expansion joints for seven damage patterns are developed utilizing the test results. Next, the vulnerability of expansion joints installed between adjacent building models is assessed via incremental dynamic analysis. The recommended level of safety factor to ensure the function of expansion joints is discussed. Finally, a procedure for cost-effective selection of expansion joints is introduced, where case studies are examined using buildings with different characteristics. The presented results are deemed to be beneficial for improving the design practice of expansion joints and for reducing future seismic loss.  相似文献   

海域流动点外部扰动引力无奇异计算模型   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

黄谟涛  刘敏  邓凯亮  欧阳永忠  陆秀平  翟国君  吴太旗  陈欣 《地球物理学报》2019,62(7):2394-2404

针对海域重力场变化特征和远程飞行器机动发射保障应用需求,本文分析研究了地球外部空间扰动引力三类传统计算模型的技术特点及其适用性,指出了采用表层法作为海域流动点扰动引力计算模型的合理性及需要解决的关键问题,分析论证了空中扰动引力计算对地面观测数据的分辨率和精度要求,提出通过引入局部积分域恒等式变换、局域泰勒级数展开和非网格点内插方法,消除表层法计算模型积分奇异性固有缺陷的研究思路,进而推出了适合于海域流动点应用的扰动引力无奇异计算模型,较好地满足了全海域和全高度段对局部扰动重力场快速赋值的实际需求.以超高阶全球位模型EGM2008作为标准场,通过数值计算验证了无奇异计算模型的可行性和有效性,在重力场变化比较剧烈的海沟区,该模型的计算精度优于2×10^-5m·s^-2.  相似文献   

Arbitrary-order Taylor series expansion-based viscoacoustic wavefield simulation in 3D vertical transversely isotropic media     

Yabing Zhang  Yang Liu  Shigang Xu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(8):2379-2399

Taking the anisotropy of velocity and attenuation into account, we investigate the wavefield simulation of viscoacoustic waves in 3D vertical transversely isotropic attenuating media. The viscoacoustic wave equations with the decoupled amplitude attenuation and phase dispersion are derived from the fractional Laplacian operator and using the acoustic approximation. With respect to the spatially variable fractional Laplacian operator in the formulation, we develop an effective algorithm to realize the viscoacoustic wavefield extrapolation by using the arbitrary-order Taylor series expansion. Based on the approximation, the mixed-domain fractional Laplacian operators are decoupled from the wavenumbers and fractional orders. Thus, the viscoacoustic wave propagation can be conveniently implemented by using a generalized pseudospectral method. In addition, we perform the accuracy and efficiency analyses among first-, second- and third-order Taylor series expansion pseudospectral methods with different quality factors. Considering both the accuracy and computational cost, the second-order Taylor series expansion pseudospectral method can generally satisfy the requirements for most attenuating media. Numerical modelling examples not only illustrate that our decoupled viscoacoustic wave equations can effectively describe the attenuating property of the medium, but also demonstrate the accuracy and the high robustness of our proposed schemes.  相似文献   

基于大涡模拟和局部滤波同化方法的海洋环流模式   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

詹杰民  严晓海 《海洋学报》2004,26(3):8-15

结合最小二乘法极值原理,提出了一种基于局部谱展开的滤波同化方法,把测量数据和数值计算过程中出现的高频短波滤掉,并将高度计数据同化到了求解过程中.结果既增加了数值稳定性,又提高了数值模拟的准确性.针对在海洋环流问题中水平的流动性质和垂直的不同的特点,我们还将大涡模拟的思想和直接涡黏的思想分别应用于水平方向和垂直方向,给出的方法是一种适用于海洋环流和浅水环流问题的大涡模拟湍流模式.对热带和北太平洋一年四季非定常季风作用下环流的数值模拟表明,提出的方法非常有效,数值结果与实际相当吻合.  相似文献