Limit states and failure mechanisms of viscous dampers and the implications for large earthquakes     

H. Kit Miyamoto  Amir S. J. Gilani  Akira Wada  Christopher Ariyaratana 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(11):1279-1297

Fluid viscous dampers are used to control story drifts and member forces in structures during earthquake events. These elements provide satisfactory performance at the design‐level or maximum considered earthquake. However, buildings using fluid viscous dampers have not been subjected to very large earthquakes with intensities greater than the design and maximum considered events. Furthermore, an extensive database of viscous damper performance during large seismic events does not exist. To address these issues, a comprehensive analytical and experimental investigation was conducted to determine the performance of damped structures subjected to large earthquakes. A critical component of this research was the development and verification of a detailed viscous damper mathematical model that incorporates limit states. The development of this model and the laboratory and simulation results conclude good correlation with the new model and the damper limit states and provide superior results compared with the typical damper model when considering near collapse evaluation of structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Re‐establishment of soil water repellency after destruction by intense burning in a Mediterranean heathland (SW Spain)     

Antonio Jordán  Félix A. González  Lorena M. Zavala 《水文研究》2010,24(6):736-748

Soil water repellency has been conventionally considered as a fire‐induced effect, but an increasing number of studies have suggested that natural background repellency occurs in many soil types, and many of them have suggested that water repellency can be re‐established over time after being destroyed. An experimental fire was conducted to study changes of the soil surface during the first 18 months following intense burning. The main objectives of this paper are as follows: (1) to investigate in situ water repellency changes at three soil depths (0, 2 and 4 cm) immediately after burning; (2) to evaluate the medium‐term evolution of water repellency under field conditions; and (3) to outline the main hydrological consequences of these changes. Also, different water repellency tests (water drop penetration time, ethanol percentage test (EPT) and contact angle (CA) between water drops and the soil surface) were carried out for comparison purposes. Field experiments showed that soil water repellency was partly destroyed after intense burning. Changes were relatively strong at the soil surface, but diminished progressively with depth. Levels of water repellency were practically re‐established 18 months after burning. This suggests that water repellency in the studied area is not necessarily a consequence of fire, but can instead be a natural attribute. Finally, although limited in time, destruction of soil water repellency has important consequences for runoff flow generation and soil loss rates, and, indirectly, for water quality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

In situ yield behaviour of a coal pillar     

David A. Newman 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1989,7(2):163-170

Summary An indication of the complete stress-strain behaviour of coal was obtained through instrumenting a headgate yield pillar and monitoring the changes in vertical and horizontal pillar stress, pillar strain, and roof-floor convergence as a function of time and distance from the moving longwall face. A semiautomated monitoring program was conducted over a 5 month period as the longwall face advanced toward and eventually passed the instrumented pillar. The development of a confined core and yield zone within the pillar was confirmed by the vertical and horizontal stress changes. Thein situ pre-failure (208 to 661 MPa) and post-failure moduli (55 to 208 MPa) of the coal were determined from the change in pillar stress versus pillar strain. Thein situ moduli are an order of magnitude lower than the 3450 MPa, commonly assumed for coal.  相似文献   

大气水—地表水—土壤水—地下水相互转化关系的试验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张德祯  徐世民 《水文地质工程地质》1993,20(5):36-38

本文重点研究了有作物条件下不同供水农田的“四水”相互转化,突出了有作物条件下降水入渗、潜水蒸发的差异性,土壤水在农业生态环境中的重要性,为水资源多目标开发,探索新路子。  相似文献   

1989 Datong-Yanggao Earthquake with Ms=6.1     

Liu Wei  An Weiping  Zhao XinpmgSetomological Bureau of Shanxi Province  Taiyuan  China 《中国地震研究》1994,(3)

In this paper,the basic conditions and characteristics of the Datong-Yanggao earthquake are described in detail.The type of the earthquake,the aftershock activity,the earthquake trend,the characteristics of damage are analyzed and discussed.This earthquake belongs to a sequence of earthquake swarm type and is of the concentratedly occurring characteristics of several main shocks in a time sequence,and the aftershock activity was normally attenuated.Because of the unreasonable design of buildings and repeated vibration by several destructive main shocks within a short period,the damage in the high intensity region was aggravated.The analysis and the prediction procedure of the 1991 Datong-Yanggao earthquake(Ms=5.8)are also briefly given.  相似文献   

直角分水口水流形态的实验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

罗福安  梁志勇 《水科学进展》1995,6(1):71-75

对分水口前水流形态进行了研究,测量了分水口前不同水深处的平面流场,初步给出了分水口前水流的运动形态,分析了分水宽度沿水深的变化规律。  相似文献   

旋转流体物理实验中见到的大气环流特征          下载免费PDF全文

李国庆  Robin Kung  Richard L. Pfeffer 《气象学报》1993,51(4):405-413

在合适的实验参数下(热力Rossby数R_(OT)=0.1,Taylor数T_a=2.2 ×10~7),在旋转斜压流中,大尺度地形强迫造成低频振荡以及大气环流中的“阻塞”流型。这是由于地形强迫造成的准静止波与行进波的相互作用及共振引起的。地形把波数单一的流动变成多波数的流动。地形强迫使波数减少。  相似文献   

18—23MSP 多光谱航空摄影技术     

夔中羽  牛普宁 《遥感学报》1991,(4)

此项研究是国家科技攻关项目。在研究此课题以前,世界上采用的多光谱航空摄影机一直是小像幅的(大部分为6cmx6cm,代称为6MSP)。6MSP不能测图,分光“有害吸收”大,故图像质量差,且像幅小,飞行和后期加工量极大。本研究采用18cm×l8cm和23cm×23cm像幅航空摄影测量像机组成多光谱像机组,并设计了“截止滤光镜一特制感光胶片”组合的无“有害吸收”的分光系统,使本多光谱航空摄影像幅比6MSP加大了9倍和14.7倍,并能“一摄多用”,既能测图,又能进行资源调查和环境监测,其图像因无“有害吸收”,分光质量高,可供目视判读,也可输入计算机进行准确地物分类解译。18-23MSP是一项有效的航空遥感技术。  相似文献   

黑河实验区的自然地理状况及气候背景   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

汤懋苍  郑光 《高原气象》1994,13(3):237-245

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丹寨汞金矿床成矿构造地球化学模拟实验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏勇  陈庆年 《大地构造与成矿学》1994,18(2):117-125

位于贵州省内的丹寨汞金矿床是一典型卡林型金矿床。矿床赋在于上寒武统含有机质的海相泥质碳酸盐岩之中。成矿元素Ａｕ、Ｈｇ、Ａｓ、ｓｂ、Ｂａ密切共生，但汞矿体与金矿体的产出有一定分离。金为微细粒自然金，它与黄铁矿、含砷黄铁矿和粘土矿物有关，在碳质物中，金含量也可提高。有机质（有机碳和沥青）与Ｈｇ－Ａｕ矿化有一定关系。矿床受构造控制明显，矿体主要产出在具压性、压扭性特征的多次构造活动造成的破碎带之中。成矿作用主要是在中低温（１１０－２９０℃）和低压条件下进行的。  相似文献