雪峰山隧道砂板岩各向异性力学特性的试验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

高春玉  徐进  李忠洪  邓建辉 《岩土力学》2011,32(5):1360-1364

利用MTS815 Flex GT岩石力学试验系统,对雪峰山隧道围岩中的砂板岩开展单轴和三轴试验,研究这种砂板岩中的细微层理对岩石变形特性、强度特性及其参数的影响,结果表明：岩石力学特性的各向异性特征显著。层理面与轴向力夹角0°时应力-应变曲线呈不稳定破裂特征,破坏面沿层理面方向发育;夹角90°时曲线呈峰后迅速软化特征,破坏面为对角贯通性剪切破坏。单轴试验中夹角0°的抗压强度比夹角90°高出约20%,弹性模量和变形模量比夹角90°分别约大50%和80%。三轴试验中2种夹角情况破坏时主应力差 相近,夹角0°的弹性模量和变形模量分别比夹角90°时约大6%和20%,围压对砂板岩的各向异性特征有弱化效应。这些结论揭示了该砂板岩各向异性的力学特性,对解决工程实际问题有重要的参考价值  相似文献   

冻融循环作用下土体冻结锋面移动规律试验研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

张宇  李东庆  明锋 《冰川冻土》2016,38(3):679-684

冻融循环作用改变了土体结构及热物理性质,进而影响了土体温度变化过程,土体冻结锋面的稳定位置也随之变化。为研究冻融循环作用下土体冻结锋面的移动规律,进行了开放系统下的兰州黄土冻融循环试验。试验结果表明：冻结初期冻结锋面迅速下移,冷端温度稳定后其下移速度降低,当土体温度达到平衡时,冻结锋面位置趋于稳定;冻结锋面稳定深度随冻融循环次数的增加而增加.为阐述黄土冻结锋面随着时间变化规律,采用时间比拟法得到了冻融循环次数与冻融时间相似比拟曲线。由拟合曲线得第6次冻融循环后土体冻结锋面稳定在土样高度24.4mm处,实测稳定在24.3mm处,相对误差为0.4%。  相似文献   

底部加强型多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱抗震性能试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹万林  彭斌  王智慧  董宏英  张建伟 《地震工程与工程振动》2012,32(2):120-129

为适应巨型框架结构发展,提出了一种底部加强型多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱。为了比较它与相应普通多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱抗震性能的差异,进行了6个1/25缩尺的巨型柱模型在轴向压力或轴向拉力下的低周反复荷载试验研究。6个模型中:按底部截面构造区分,3个试件为底部加强型巨型柱模型,3个试件为相应普通巨型柱模型;按轴力作用方向区分,4个试件为轴压试件,轴压比分别为0.5、0.25,2个试件为轴拉试件,轴拉比为0.2。比较分析了各试件的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性、滞回特性、耗能和破坏特征。研究表明:底部加强型巨型柱与普通巨型柱相比,承载力、延性、耗能能力明显提高,刚度退化速度减慢,工作性能较稳定;轴压试件与轴拉试件相比,轴压试件抗震性能相对较好。  相似文献   

An experimental and numerical investigation on the cyclic response of a portal frame pier belonging to an old reinforced concrete viaduct     

F. Paolacci  R. Giannini 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(6):1109-1127

This paper deals with the assessment of the seismic response of a portal frame pier belonging to an old reinforced concrete viaduct. A series of tests, consisting of cyclically imposed displacements, were carried out on three 1:4 scale mock‐ups. The objective of the experimental campaign is twofold: (1) identification and evaluation of the local failure mechanisms and (2) calibration of a numerical model including all observed nonlinear phenomena. The experimental results show that the shear strength of the transverse beam and of the beam–column joints characterizes the post‐elastic behavior of the piers. Other phenomena, like bond‐slip and buckling of the longitudinal bars of the columns, typical of old reinforced concrete structures have also been observed. Finally, a numerical model, built in OpenSEES, was calibrated to reproduce in a satisfactory way the experimental results and to provide a reliable tool for the evaluation of the seismic response of the pier. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Annual fossil organic carbon delivery due to mechanical and chemical weathering of marly badlands areas     

Yann Graz  Christian Di‐Giovanni  Yoann Copard  Nicolle Mathys  Alexandre Cras  Vincent Marc 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(12):1263-1271

A key issue in the study of the carbon cycle is constraining the stocks and fluxes in and between C‐reservoirs. Among these, the role and importance of fossil organic carbon (FOC) release by weathering of outcropping sedimentary rocks on continental surfaces is still debated and remains poorly constrained. Our work focuses on FOC fluxes due to chemical and mechanical weathering of marls in two experimental watersheds with typical badlands geomorphology (Draix watersheds, Laval and Moulin, Alpes de Haute Provence, France). Organic matter from bedrock, soil litter and riverine particles are characterized by Rock‐Eval 6 pyrolysis. FOC fluxes due to mechanical weathering are then estimated by monitoring the annual particulate solid exports at the outlets of the watersheds (1985–2005 period). FOC fluxes from chemical weathering were calculated using Ca²⁺ concentrations in dissolved loads (year 2002) to assess the amount of FOC released by the dissolution of the carbonate matrix. Results show that FOC delivery is mainly driven by mechanical weathering, with a yield ranging from 30 to 59 t km^‐2 yr^‐1 in the Moulin (0.08 km²) and Laval (0.86 km²) catchments, respectively, (1985–2005 average). The release of FOC attributed to chemical weathering was 2.2 to 4.2 t km^‐2 for the year 2002. These high FOC fluxes from badlands are similar to those observed in tectonically active mountain catchments. At a regional scale, badland outcropping within the Durance watershed does not exceed 0.25% in area of the Rhône catchment, but could annually deliver 12 000 t yr^‐1 of FOC. This flux could correspond to 27% of the total particulate organic carbon (POC) load exported by the Rhône River to the Mediterranean Sea. At a global scale, our findings suggest that erosion of badlands may contribute significantly to the transfer of FOC from continental surfaces to depositional environments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

一种带构造柱混凝土砌块墙体抗震性能试验研究     

周中一  曹万林  董宏英  张建伟 《地震工程与工程振动》2012,32(3):86-91

提出了一种带构造柱混凝土砌块承重墙体,并已获得国家发明专利。进行了2个带构造柱混凝土砌块墙体和2个普通带芯柱混凝土砌块墙体低周反复荷载下抗震性能比较试验研究。砌块墙体高宽比为0.6和1.0,厚度均为240 mm,轴压比均为0.3。对比分析了各墙体的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性、耗能和破坏特征。研究表明,所提出的带构造柱混凝土砌块墙体与普通带芯柱混凝土砌块墙体相比,抗震性能显著提高。  相似文献   

纤维砂浆带加固砌体墙片的抗震性能研究     

杜永峰  朱翔  耿继芳 《地震工程与工程振动》2012,32(3):99-103

针对低烈度区砌体结构房屋抗震的需要,本文提出利用纤维砂浆带加固砌体墙的一种廉价抗震方案。运用有限元分析软件Ansys10.0进行数值模拟分析,探讨这种加固方案的可行性,并在此基础上进行试验研究。通过纤维砂浆带加固砌体墙片在低周反复荷载作用下的试验,对墙片的破坏特征、裂缝的发展过程、滞回特性、结构延性等技术指标进行对比分析,结果表明,采用纤维砂浆带加固砌体墙有助于提高墙体的开裂荷载,增加结构的延性,改善墙体的抗震性能。  相似文献   

地震预警调查研究     

袁远航 《四川地震》2012,(3):16-19

为准确分析公众对地震预警的认知心态和接受程度,专题开展了面向大学生群体的关于地震预警的调查研究。结果表明,26%的公众对地震预警有着较为清楚的认识,地震预警对绝大多数民众来说是个新事物;公众肯定地震预警工作的必要性,对地震预警效果抱有较大期望;公众面对突发震情的自救心态及能力偏低;大部分公众承认政府机构在地震预警发布上的权威,近四成民众认为政府同时也要负起相应责任。本次调查和研究结果可为有关部门和机构科学应对地震预警相关工作提供参考依据。  相似文献   

叠溪地震和地震地质概说     

常隆庆 《四川地震》2012,(3):41-47

1调查经过1933年8月25日大约在下午2时半,四川茂县之北叠溪,忽然发生大地震,即时间附近群山崩倒,叠溪城全部毁灭,岷江断流。叠溪周围30里内,属于强烈地震区,在这一范围内,任何房屋庐舍,全部破坏,群山崖壁,全部崩坍。在叠溪圆径百里之内,所有道路都被破坏,不能通行。邮电线路,全部不通。当时只知茂汶  相似文献   

空气反循环钻井井底流场模拟实验器的研制     

朱丽红  刘建林  涂建华  殷琨 《煤田地质与勘探》2012,40(3):86-89

井底流场是空气反循环钻井能否高效携岩和有效形成反循环的核心流场,而井底流场模拟实验器是开展相应研究的关键设施和必要手段。基于反循环井底流场形成特点,设计了空气反循环钻井井底流场模拟实验器装置,并对主要零部件的设计过程进行了详细分析。井底流场模拟实验器可模拟不同切削具底出刃对应的中心孔压力变化;内喷孔与底喷孔不同组合情况下孔底流量分配;及不同类型内管倾角变化对中心孔压力影响的实验研究。进而也可考察不同结构参数变化对井底流场的影响,为空气反循环钻井井底工具的结构优化设计提供重要的理论和试验依据。   相似文献