大功率多功能发射系统研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

石福升 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(3):1109-1114

DEM-T70是自行研制的具有自主知识产权的大功率多功能智能发射系统,用于为地面电磁法勘探提供大功率的人工场信号.发射系统中采用了GPS同步、DDS(直接数字频率合成)、CPLD(复杂可编程逻辑器件)、数字式PWM(脉冲宽度调制)稳流和发电机励磁稳流等新技术,开发了多频同步供电、高密度频点供电、全自动扫频供电和大功率快速逆变等关键技术,研制出大功率(70 kW)多功能(CSAMT-可控源音频大地电磁、SIP-谱激电、TDIP-时域激电)电磁法发射系统,其最高供电频率为8000 Hz,最高电压1200 V,最大电流100 A.场地试验表明,发射系统功能设计合理、技术指标先进、性能稳定可靠,该系统填补了我国在该领域的空白.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a gravel transport sensor for bed load measurements in natural flows     

Athanasios N. 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(1):1-15

A recent acoustic instrument （Gravel Transport Sensor, GTS） was tested for predicting sediment transport rate （bed load rate） in gravel bed streams. The GTS operation is based on the particle collision theory of submerged obstacles in fluids. When particles collide with the GTS cylinder their momentum is recorded in the form of ping rates. The GTS is attractive for further consideration here because of its potential to provide continuous unattended local bed load measurements, especially in areas found in streams that access may be difficult under extreme conditions. Laboratory experiments coupled with numerical simulations for the same flow conditions were performed in order to determine the conditions under which particles of different size will hit the GTS cylinder and be able to register a ping rate. The GTS was able to detect the number of particles with diameter in the range of 15.9 to 25.4 mm, with reasonable accuracy, if the applied Shields effective stress τ＊e = τ＊ - τ＊cr was in the range of 0.006 to 0.015. A drawback of the tested prototype GTS, however, was that it exerted increased resistance on the incoming particles. The added drag effects increased the overall resistance that was exerted by the flow on particles and thus increased the likelihood that particles will rest in the ambient region of the cylinder instead of hitting it. Numerical simulation of the flow around the GTS cylinder revealed that changing the prototype geometry from cylindrical to ellipsoid or rhomboid will increase the likelihood of the particles hitting the instrument under the same flow conditions failed by the original tested GTS cylinder.  相似文献   

Characterizing heterogeneous soil water flow and solute transport using information measures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kang Wang  Renduo Zhang  Yasuda Hiroshi 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,370(1-4):109-121

Heterogeneous water flow and solute transport in soils are an important phenomenon and difficult to be characterized. The objectives of this study were to investigate the heterogeneity of solute transport related to heterogeneous soil water flow using dye infiltration experiments, and to characterize heterogeneous water flow and solute transport in soils using the information theory. Field experiments of dye infiltration were performed in four plots. Various information measures were applied to characterize information content and complexity of water flow and solute transport in soils. Information contents and complexities of the maximum and apparent infiltration depths, and the mean and standard deviation of concentrations in the vertical direction of the plots were calculated. More heterogeneous processes of soil water flow and transport result in higher information/complexity values. The probability distributions of mean concentration were similar to those of the corresponding apparent infiltration depths for the plots, indicating that heterogeneity of dye concentrations was closely related to that of soil water flow. However, the range of information entropy and complexity of the water flow sequences was much narrower than that of the sequences of the concentrations. The results suggested that the transport processes were more heterogeneous than the water flow processes. Compared with the probability distributions of flow parameters, the information measures appeared to be a more versatile tool to describe flow and transport heterogeneities in soils.  相似文献   

Multiphase flow above explosion sites in debris-filled volcanic vents: Insights from analogue experiments     

Pierre-Simon Ross  James D.L. White  Bernd Zimanowski  Ralf Büttner 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

Discrete explosive bursts are known from many volcanic eruptions. In maar–diatreme eruptions, they have occurred in debris-filled volcanic vents when magma interacted with groundwater, implying that material mobilized by such explosions passed through the overlying and enclosing debris to reach the surface. Although other studies have addressed the form and characteristics of craters formed by discrete explosions in unconsolidated material, no details are available regarding the structure of the disturbed debris between the explosion site and the surface. Field studies of diatreme deposits reveal cross-cutting, steep-sided zones of non-bedded volcaniclastic material that have been inferred to result from sedimentation of material transported by “debris jets” driven by explosions. In order to determine the general processes and deposit geometry resulting from discrete, explosive injections of entrained particles through a particulate host, we ran a series of analogue experiments. Specific volumes of compressed (0.5–2.5 MPa) air were released in bursts that drove gas-particle dispersions through a granular host. The air expanded into and entrained coloured particles in a small crucible before moving upward into the host (white particles). Each burst drove into the host an expanding cavity containing air and coloured particles. Total duration of each run, recorded with high-speed video, was approximately 0.5–1 s. The coloured beads sedimented into the transient cavity. This same behaviour was observed even in runs where there was no breaching of the surface, and no coloured beads ejected. A steep-sided body of coloured beads was left that is similar to the cross-cutting pipes observed in deposits filling real volcanic vents, in which cavity collapse can result not only from gas escape through a granular host as in the experiments, but also through condensation of water vapour. A key conclusion from these experiments is that the geometry of cross-cutting volcaniclastic deposits in volcanic vents is not directly informative of the geometry of the “intrusions” that formed them. An additional conclusion is that complex structures can form quickly from discrete events.  相似文献   

短期气候数值预测可预报性问题   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

赵彦  郭裕福  袁重光  李旭 《应用气象学报》2000,11(Z1):64-71

该文利用 IAP L2 AGCM1 - 1模式进行 1 7年 ( 1 980～ 1 996年 )、每年 9个单个积分的集合后报试验 ,采用方差分析的方法对试验结果进行可预报性研究 .结果表明 :在热带地区 ,海表温度 ( SST)异常引起的可预报性较高 ,50 0 h Pa高度场高值区沿热带呈带状分布 ,在热带外仅有部分相对高值区 ;在中高纬度地区 ,春季的可预报性高于夏季 ;一般来说各场的可预报性海洋高于陆地 .在北太平洋春季 ,50 0 h Pa高度场、海平面气压场和表面气温场有一可预报高值区 .在中国区域 ,降水场、海平面气压场和表面气温场的可预报性从我国南海向西北递减 .  相似文献   

Characterization of experimental dynamos     

Nicholas L. Peffley  Alexei G. Goumilevski  A. B. Cawthrone  & Daniel P. Lathrop 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,142(1):52-58

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不同高度潜堤减淤效果水槽实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

庞启秀  张瑞波  杨华 《海洋工程》2012,30(2):66-71

潜堤高程是淤泥质海岸潜堤设计的关键要素之一。为了确定潜堤高程,首先根据已建潜堤工程的经验分析得出潜堤减淤的主要机理,即主要是阻挡了浮泥或底部高含沙水体直接进入航道和缩短了含沙水体进入航道的时间,进而在长水槽中开展了一系列比对实验,主要研究不同堤顶高程时的水流紊动、堤前浮泥起动、浮泥层厚度变化、堤后航道泥沙落淤情况等,并以此作为比选堤顶高度的基本依据。实验结果表明当相对高度即潜堤高度与堤前水深之比为0.2～0.5时,便有较好的减淤效果。  相似文献   

模拟增温对生态系统碳循环影响研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

彭飞  薛娴  尤全刚 《中国沙漠》2014,34(5):1285-1292

气候变暖影响着生态系统碳循环,碳循环的变化反馈于气候变化。这两者的相互作用影响着未来气候变化的方向和强度。野外增温试验有助于了解生态系统碳循环对气候变化的响应及其机制,因此成为近年来的研究热点。生态系统所处的地理位置及相应的气候背景影响着碳循环对增温的响应。增温后不同生态系统的碳释放和碳固定均可表现为增加、减小或者无显著变化,因而生态系统净碳收支对气候变化响应多样。增温后土壤氮矿化速率、物候、生态系统物种组成和结构的变化间接影响着生态系统净碳收支。多年冻土区储存了大量的土壤有机碳,冻土融化后冻土有机碳分解将释放大量的CO₂到大气中,正反馈于气候变暖,因而是目前野外增温试验对碳循环影响研究的焦点。  相似文献   

The stability of dipolar gyres on a beta-plane     

Steven Herbette  Antoine Hochet  Thierry Huck  Alain Colin de Verdière  Jérémy Collin  Frank Shillington 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2014,108(5):479-502

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不耦合装药下爆炸应力波传播规律的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王伟  李小春 《岩土力学》2010,31(6):1723-1728

通过室外爆破试验,利用预埋研制的PVDF压力传感器对耦合及水不耦合延长药包装药爆破时爆炸应力波的中远场压力进行测量,拟合实测结果,得到4种不耦合系数下爆炸应力波峰值随传播距离衰减的指数关系式。分析试验结果可知： ①在试验所涉及的范围内,不耦合装药时爆破应力波峰值衰减幅度小于耦合装药（即K =1）时爆破应力波峰值衰减幅度,验证了水介质作为炸药爆轰产物与岩体间的弹性缓冲层作用,减少了粉碎孔壁岩体造成的能量耗散,增加了能量传递,加大了爆炸的作用范围;②当不耦合系数K = 3.29时,应力波峰值衰减指数表现出大于K =1.79及大于K =2.57时应力波峰值衰减指数的趋势,表明过大的不耦合系数造成了不耦合介质--水过多的能量耗散（在高温高压下水并不完全是弹性的）,削弱了不耦合装药爆破的优势;③在不耦合装药爆破中,存在最佳的不耦合系数,此时爆炸应力波峰值衰减最慢,爆炸能得到充分利用,达到最优的爆破效果。研究结果对不耦合装药爆破的设计及工程应用有一定的指导意义。  相似文献