Sediment geochemistry as a provenance indicator: Unravelling the cryptic signatures of polycyclic sources,climate change,tectonism and volcanism     

Yuanyuan Zhang  Georgia Pe‐Piper  David J.W. Piper 《Sedimentology》2014,61(2):383-410

Interpretation of bulk‐sediment geochemistry is one of several approaches for determining sediment provenance. This study investigates the value added by bulk‐sediment geochemical analysis in interpreting provenance in a passive margin clastic basin, the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous deltaic sediments of the Scotian Basin. Provenance studies in this basin are challenging because source tectonic terranes are parallel to the basin margin and polycyclic sediment sources are abundant. More than 400 samples of mudstone and sandstone representing the geographical and stratigraphic range of interest were analysed for 57 elements. Diagenetic processes added calcium to many samples and removed potassium in rocks buried below 3 km, thus impacting principal component analysis and published weathering indices. However, multiple geochemical approaches to assessing the degree of weathering showed climatically controlled changes in weathering in the Tithonian and Barremian, and changes in supply from major tectonic events, such as the top‐Aptian uplift in the Labrador rift. Covariance of elements in heavy minerals demonstrates the varying magnitude of polycyclic supply and stratigraphic changes in sources. Geochemical analyses revealed a previously unsuspected Tithonian alkali volcanic sediment source, characterized by high niobium and tantalum. The lack of highly contrasting sources means that geochemistry alone is inadequate to determine sediment provenance. Published discrimination diagrams are of limited value. Statistical analysis of geochemical data is strongly influenced by diagenetic processes, episodic volcanic inputs and polycyclic concentration of resistant heavy minerals in sandstones. Single indicator elements for particular sources are generally lacking. Nevertheless, careful consideration of geochemical variability on a case by case basis, integrated with detrital mineral studies, provides new insights into palaeoclimate, sediment provenance and, hence, regional tectonics. Although there is no simple template for such analysis, this study demonstrates an approach that can be used for other basins.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Quaternary volcanism from the islets in the eastern Beibu Gulf: evidence for Hainan plum     

LI Naisheng  YAN Quanshu  CHEN Zhihu  SHI Xuefa 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(12):40-49

Some of the islets in the eastern Beibu Gulf are covered by Quaternary volcano strata. The rock samples from these islets mainly consist of quartz tholeiites （at Shenjiandao）, olivine tholeiites （at Linshidao and Xieyang- dao） and alkali basalts （at Yangpubi and Jianshidao）, and basically represent four periods of the Quaternary volcanism of Hainan Island and its adjacent regions. Except for the samples from Shenjiandao, most of the Quaternary volcanics of these islets belong to alkali magma series. The trace element characteristics of all of these samples show they are OIB （oceanic island basalt） -like, which implies that their deep geodynamic setting may be related to a mantle plume. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions show that the mantle source beneath the Quaternary strata can be regarded as a result of binary mixing between a depleted, DMM （de- pleted MORB mantle）-like source and an enriched mantle type 2 （EM2）. The EM2 may be originated from the Hainan mantle plume, and has been metasomatized by carbonaceous fluids released from ancient re- cycled oceanic crust at an asthenospheric mantle level. These features, together with typical trace element ratios, reflect that the parent magma was not subjected to crustal contamination during its ascent to the surface. This study provides further petrological and geochemical evidence for the existence of the Hainan mantle plume.  相似文献   

夏季陆地爆发性气旋的模拟与诊断分析     

郭丽霞  张婉莹  郑艳萍  高桂芹 《气象》2007,33(6):59-66

利用观测资料、FY-2C卫星云图和NCEP再分析资料,对2003年6月22—23日黄河下游的气旋爆发性发展过程进行天气学分析和中尺度数值模拟与诊断,研究这次爆发性气旋的发展特征。结果表明：河套高空槽东移与山东南部的切变线合并产生这次爆发性气旋。MM5数值模式可以很好地模拟夏季陆地爆发性气旋发展过程。夏季陆地爆发性气旋发生在与高度场气旋性弯曲相重合的高空急流出口区,气旋从急流出口区右侧向左侧行进的过程中爆发性发展。气旋爆发性发展需要高空有急流,低空有西南和东南风急流为其提供强的暖平流和水汽通道。气旋的爆发性发展伴随着上升运动强烈发展,上升运动区高层强辐散、低层强辐舍。气旋爆发性发展在高能场中,大气具有强对流性不稳定。  相似文献