Barrier‐spit geomorphology and inlet dynamics in absence of tides: evolution of the North Pond system,eastern Lake Ontario,New York State          下载免费PDF全文

Christopher R. Mattheus  Joshua K. Fowler  Thomas P. Diggins  Derrick F. Allen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(10):1386-1398

Barrier systems have received much attention along microtidal oceanic coastlines, where countless studies discuss their evolution in response to Holocene sea‐level rise, storm influence, and anthropogenic impacts. Lacustrine barrier evolution is not as well investigated and little is known about how lake‐specific hydrodynamic processes shape barrier morphology. This study evaluates the evolution of a highly dynamic barrier section along eastern Lake Ontario in the context of varying water levels and winter‐ice covers. Paleoshoreline reconstructions and volumetric analyses of nearshore sedimentation indicate the central portion of the studied North Pond barrier has been breached many times in different locations throughout the last century. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data corroborate mapped locations of former inlets, bound at the surface by recurved spit and dune ridges. Subsurface structural controls on inlet position are inferred from a spatial correlation with buried incised fluvial channels, formed during a Holocene lake‐level lowstand. While subsurface controls caused two separate historical inlets to remain stationary while open, an episode of rapid inlet migration elsewhere along the barrier was facilitated by the prevailing direction of coastal currents and high lake levels, which favored overwash and rapid longshore sediment mobility across a low‐gradient barrier section. Additionally, the sudden closing of an inlet after many decades of operation coincidental with the opening of another suggestively occurred alongside unusually high lake levels. These correlations suggest the degree of coastal inundation, predominantly a function of fluctuating lake levels and antecedent topography, represent strong controls on overall barrier geomorphology over decadal timescales. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Mineralization of Catechol by Fenton and Photo‐Fenton Processes     

Asma M'hemdi  Bechir Dbira  Ridha Abdelhedi  Enric Brillas  Salah Ammar 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(8):878-885

Catechol is one of the most abundant phenolic components of olive mill wastewaters. In this article, the mineralization of this compound in synthetic aqueous solutions by the Fenton and photo‐Fenton processes is studied. It has been found that for 1.44 mM catechol, the total organic carbon of solutions is reduced about 94.4% at best after 60 min of Fenton treatment at optimized conditions of pH 3.0, 0.2 mM Fe²⁺, 7.09 mM H₂O₂, and 25°C. A faster and overall mineralization is attained by applying photo‐Fenton with UVA irradiation. o‐Benzoquinone, 1,2,3‐trihydroxybenzene and 1,2,4‐trihydroxybenzene were identified by GC–MS as primary quinonic and polyhydroxylated derivatives. Small amounts of generated carboxylic acids like muconic, maleic, malonic, acetic, oxalic, and formic acids were detected by ion‐exclusion chromatography. The Fe(III) complexes of these acids persist in the medium under Fenton conditions, while their photolysis by UVA light and that of other by‐products account for by the faster degradation and total mineralization achieved in the photo‐Fenton process. A reaction sequence for catechol mineralization by Fenton and photo‐Fenton involving all intermediates detected is proposed.  相似文献   

三维激光扫描技术在米仓山特长隧道施工中的可行性应用研究     

刘欢  王立娟  裴尼松  赵鹏  马松  肖梦 《测绘通报》2017,(9):83

巴陕高速米仓山特长隧道为我国目前在建最长公路隧道,全长约13.8km。利用三维激光扫描技术高速率、高精度获取对象表面三维坐标的优势,对米仓山隧道LJ2标段右线施工过程中的超欠挖、二衬厚度、掘进面爆破效果进行了检测,并对开挖断面围岩周边收敛和拱顶下沉进行了变形监测。结果表明,检测段隧道超挖区域比例占到81%,其中超挖0～20cm的占62%,欠挖0～10cm的为14%;二衬厚度选取不同里程、相同位置121个位置进行分析,最大厚度0.662m,最小0.456m,平均厚度0.564m;掘进面爆破深度约为3.048m,爆破方量为254.065m³;K54+030断面围岩周边收敛6d最大收敛变形量为9.5mm,拱顶下沉监测点6d最大变形量为5mm。  相似文献   

Assesing the effect of an olive mill wastewater evaporation pond in Sousse, Tunisia     

Rakia S’habou  Moncef Zairi  Amjed Kallel  Abdelwaheb Aydi  Hamed Ben Dhia 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(3):679-686

Olive oil is a typical and valuable agro-industrial product in Mediterranean countries. In Tunisia, olive mill wastewaters (OMW) reach an amount of about 1,000,000 t year⁻¹ and constitute a serious organic pollution risk because of the high chemical oxygen demand values and the presence of phytotoxic and antibacterial polyphenols. OMW have been generally stored in pond sites to be eliminated by natural evaporation or valorised by spreading on cultivated soils or by composting. Many researches on the interactions of OMW with soils at laboratory scale (columns) have been reported, but less attention have been paid to the effect of OMW on soils at field scale. The aim of this work is to investigate an area used for >15 years as an uncontrolled OMW pond site. The transformations of soil properties and groundwater occurring during OMW storage were characterised by the pH, phenolic contents, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content and organic contents. The soil samples were taken from two borings and compared to those of a control one located near the pond site. Groundwater samples were taken on the accessible and nearest water wells to the evaporation ponds. The permeable silty and sandy layers in the site support the infiltration of OMW near the evaporation ponds. This infiltration has reached a depth of 6 m at a distance of almost 50 m laterally. The results show that the OMW infiltration in the subsoil has affected the pH, EC, organic content, phenolic compounds and the moisture.  相似文献   

天然石膏及其开发利用研究进展   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李爱玲 《矿产与地质》2004,18(5):498-501

在总结天然石膏的矿物特征及其开发利用发展变化的基础上，重点介绍了其开发利用研究的主要进展，即利用天然石膏制备超高强石膏材料、硫酸钙晶须、石膏超细粉，以及介绍了天然石膏先进的煅烧设备——Peter磨和单转子锤式烘干机。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地东河塘石炭系障壁岛后冲溢扇研究     

朱筱敏  王贵文  谢庆宾 《沉积学报》1997,(1)

本文充分运用地质、测井、地震资料，对塔里木盆地东河塘石炭系障岛壁岛后冲溢扇进行了研究。从岩性特征、结构、沉积构造、垂向层序、地球物理、沉积背景、古地理条件等几个方面，详细阐述了冲溢扇的沉积特征。概括总结了冲溢扇的沉积模式，并对冲溢扇含油气性进行了论述，指出冲溢扇沉积特征研究不仅可以丰富沉积学理论，而且为寻找上倾尖灭油气藏提供了新的领域  相似文献   

雷蒙磨粉机在铜镍铂（族）矿石标准物质制备中的应用     

罗振岐陈涛  苏建华徐海 史丽辉 《岩矿测试》2006,25(3):259-262

介绍了雷蒙磨粉机原理。采用雷蒙磨粉机，对不同含量铜镍铂（族）矿石标准样品加工至粒度小于0．074mm。选择合适的磨球和样品质量比，球磨机磨-混24～72h。样品经粒度筛分试验、均匀度及稳定性检验，证明其中被检验元素分布均匀。  相似文献   

石太客运专线特长隧道地区水文地质研究 及隧道开挖环境影响效应^*   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

邓清海  马凤山  袁仁茂  李国庆  赵海军 《第四纪研究》2006,26(1):136-143

文章在充分分析已有地质和水文地质资料的基础之上,综合大面积水文地质调绘和多种勘探成果,对石太客运专线太行山隧道和南梁隧道所在区域的水文地质条件进行了系统分析。将隧道区域划分为娘子关泉域系统、威州泉域系统和散泉系统三大地下水含水系统,同时将太行山隧道区划分为5个水文地质单元,将南梁隧道区划分为两个水文地质单元。另外,论述了隧道开挖对地下水和地表水环境的影响,主要表现在对断层或岩脉与隧道相交地段的水位、水量产生影响,这为进一步解决特长隧道施工过程中的突水、涌水等问题提供了可靠的基础性资料,加深了对河北、山西两省交界处水文地质条件薄弱地带的了解。  相似文献   

Stratigraphy of washover deposits in Florida: implications for recognition in the stratigraphic record     

Peter E. Sedgwick  Richard A. Davis  Jr.   《Marine Geology》2003,200(1-4):31-48

Twelve washover deposits were cored on the west-central Gulf Coast of Florida to provide data to permit development of a model to help identify washover facies in the stratigraphic record. Typical modern washover stratigraphy displays landward-dipping plane beds comprised of well-sorted sand with distinct laminae of shells and heavy minerals. Five subfacies are delineated which show variations in composition, texture, and bioturbation throughout the washover facies. These subfacies represent differences in flow conditions during overwash, position relative to sea level, and variable degrees of reworking after deposition. Three shell assemblages aid in identification of washover deposits. Backbarrier sediments composed of shoreface/open water species or mixed shoreface/backbarrier species may potentially be washover in origin. Sediments with purely backbarrier/quiet water shell species are likely to have been deposited independently of washover activity. Examination of washover deposits of differing ages reveals that preservation of washover stratigraphy is not exclusively a function of time. Reworking of small-scale stratification can occur in as short as a decade; however, this same stratification was found to be preserved in deposits several hundred years old. Destruction of original washover signatures is related to the position of the deposits relative to sea level, and the rate and depth of burial. Even after the destruction of small-scale stratigraphic features, washover deposits may still be identified as such due to their texture, composition, and shell assemblages. Key features in recognizing the facies after bioturbation and reworking are: (1) the presence of clean sand in otherwise muddy backbarrier sediments, (2) the landward thinning of the facies, and (3) the presence of shoreface shells or mixed shoreface/backbarrier shells on landward portions of the barrier island system. If reworking is severe and/or there are limited subsurface data, distinguishing washovers from genetically similar deposits (e.g. flood tidal deltas and spillover deposits) in the stratigraphic record is difficult and when considered out of stratigraphic context may not be recognizable.  相似文献   

Tracing tsunami signatures of the ad 551 and ad 1303 tsunamis at the Gulf of Kyparissia (Peloponnese,Greece) using direct push in situ sensing techniques combined with geophysical studies     

Lea Obrocki  Andreas Vött  Dennis Wilken  Peter Fischer  Timo Willershäuser  Benjamin Koster  Franziska Lang  Ioannis Papanikolaou  Wolfgang Rabbel  Klaus Reicherter 《Sedimentology》2020,67(3):1274-1308

The western Peloponnese was repeatedly hit by major tsunami impacts during historical times as reported by historical accounts and recorded in earthquake and tsunami catalogues. Geological signatures of past tsunami impacts have also been found in many coastal geological archives. During the past years, abundant geomorphological and sedimentary evidence of repeated Holocene tsunami landfall was found between Cape Katakolo and the city of Kyparissia. Moreover, neotectonic studies revealed strong crust uplift along regional faults with amounts of uplift between 13 m and 30 m since the mid-Holocene. This study focuses on the potential of direct push in situ sensing techniques to detect tsunami sediments along the Gulf of Kyparissia. Direct push measurements were conducted on the landward shores of the Kaiafa Lagoon and the former Mouria Lagoon from which sedimentary and microfaunal evidence for tsunami landfall are already known. Direct push methods helped to decipher in situ high-resolution stratigraphic records of allochthonous sand sheets that are used to document different kinds of sedimentological and geomorphological characteristics of high-energy inundation, such as abrupt increases in grain size, integration of muddy rip-up clasts and fining upward sequences which are representative of different tsunami inundation pulses. These investigations were completed by sediment coring as a base for local calibration of geophysical direct push parameters. Surface-based electrical resistivity tomography and seismic data with highly resolved vertical direct push datasets and sediment core data were all coupled in order to improve the quality of the geophysical models. Details of this methodological approach, new in palaeotsunami research, are presented and discussed, especially with respect to the question of how the obtained results may help to facilitate tracing tsunami signatures in the sedimentary record and deciphering geomorphological characteristics of past tsunami inundation. Using direct push techniques and based on sedimentary data, sedimentary signatures of two young tsunami impacts that hit the Kaiafa Lagoon were detected. Radiocarbon age control allowed the identification of these tsunami layers as candidates for the ad 551 and ad 1303 earthquake and tsunami events. For these events, there is reliable historical data on major damage on infrastructure in western Greece and on the Peloponnese. At the former Mouria Lagoon, corroborating tsunami traces were found; however, in this case it is difficult to decide whether these signatures were caused by the ad 551 or the ad 1303 event.  相似文献