Stable Sulfur Isotopic Evidence for Historical Changes of Sulfur Cycling in Estuarine Sediments from Northern Florida     

Volker Brüchert  Lisa M. Pratt 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1999,5(3):249-268

Data on abundance and isotopic composition of porewater and sedimentary sulfur species are reported for relatively uncontaminated and highly contaminated fine-grained anoxic sediments of St. Andrew Bay, Florida. A strong contrast in amount and composition of sedimentary organic matter at the two sites allows a comparative study of the historical effects of increased organic loading on sulfur cycling and sulfur isotopic fractionation. In the contaminated sediments, an increase in organic loading caused increased sedimentary carbon/sulfur ratios and resulted in higher rates of bacterial sulfate reduction, but a lower efficiency of sulfide oxidation. These differences are well reflected in the isotopic composition of dissolved sulfate, sulfide, and sedimentary pyrite. Concentration and isotopic profiles of dissolved sulfate, organic carbon, and total sulfur suggest that the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter is most active in the upper 8cm but proceeds at very slow rates below this depth. The rapid formation of more than 90% of pyrite in the uppermost 2 cm which corresponds to about 3 years of sediment deposition allows the use of pyrite isotopic composition for tracing changing diagenetic conditions. Sediment profiles of the sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite reflect present-day higher rates of bacterial sulfate reduction and lower rates of sulfide oxidation, and record a profound change in the diagenetic cycling of sulfur in the contaminated sediments coincident with urban and industrial development of the St. Andrew Bay area.  相似文献   

Sedimentary records of intense storms in Holocene barrier sequences, Maine, USA     

Ilya V. Buynevich  Duncan M. FitzGerald  Sytze van Heteren   《Marine Geology》2004,210(1-4):135-148

Coastal-morphological, geophysical (ground-penetrating radar [GPR]), and sedimentological data document extreme storm events along the sandy barriers of Maine's south–central (Hunnewell and Flat Point barriers) and southwestern (Saco Bay barriers) coastal compartments. The Hunnewell barrier contains four equally spaced buried storm scarps behind the exposed scarp of the Blizzard of 1978, a 100-year storm that eroded more than 100 m of shoreline, causing extensive property loss. These scarps dip 3–5° steeper than the normal beachface slope and consist of sands with more than 50% heavy minerals. The heavy minerals produce distinct subsurface reflections that facilitate the location of buried supratidal parts of storm scarps and the mapping of ancient poststorm shoreline positions. The imaged scarps likely formed within the past 1.5–2.0 ka BP. The Flat Point barrier consists of a prograded sequence overlain by a laterally extensive, seaward-thinning layer of freshwater peat and capped by aeolian sands. This stratigraphy suggests that the bog varied in size through time, contracting during overwash events and aeolian deposition and expanding across washover sheets during extended periods of barrier stability. The main overwash event accompanied by barrier planation and wetland expansion may be linked to the first historical storm in New England, the “Great Colonial Hurricane” of 1635.

Evidence of near-modern and mid-Holocene storm events along Saco Bay includes washover units and marsh ridges. Washovers interfinger with saltmarsh peat that ranges in age from 4.5 ka BP to modern. The presence of isolated sandy ridges behind existing and former tidal inlets reflects overtopping of marshes and high intertidal mudflats during major storms. Radiocarbon ages indicate that this process took place at different locations along the Saco Bay barrier complex from 3 to 1 ka BP.  相似文献   

Investigations into the Preparation of Ultra-Fine Particle Size Geochemical Reference Materials   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Yimin Wang  Yushu Gao  Xiaohong Wang  Shuqi Wu  Tiexin Gu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2004,28(1):113-121

Although over recent years, sensitivity and precision of modern analytical techniques have continuously improved, traditional analytical specification for the particle size of samples has remained at 74 μm (-200 mesh). For this reason, the uncertainty caused by inhomogeneity in test portions of the sample itself has become a more and more significant contribution to the total analytical uncertainty. Therefore, to reduce this total uncertainty, the first step is to improve the homogeneity by reducing the particle size of a sample. For this purpose, we have investigated a method for the preparation of ultra-fine reference materials. Using the modern ultra-fine crushing technique (jet mill), six marine sediment samples MSAn and MSCS-1 to 5 were prepared and the particle distributions of these samples were measured using a laser particle-analyser. The average particle size of these samples was 4–5 (im and the largest particle size was less than 30 (im. MSAn will be used as the sample for a future GeoPT(tm) proficiency testing round and MSCS-1 to 5 will be prepared as reference materials. All geochemical laboratories are welcome to participate in this co-operative research programme. The processing and use of ultra-fine samples (< 30 μm) will have a significant influence on the future development of geoanalytical techniques as a consequence of the potential reduction in the mass of test portion and the development of new geoanalytical systems.  相似文献   

Groundwater pollution due to sugar-mill effluent, at Sonai, Maharashtra, India   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

N. J. Pawar  G. M. Pondhe  S. F. Patil 《Environmental Geology》1998,34(2-3):151-158

 Analyses of 126 samples collected from 18 dug wells in the shallow basaltic aquifer over a period of 7 months have revealed spatial as well as temporal changes in the chemical properties of groundwater. While the temporal changes have been attributed to dilution and concentration phenomena governed by climatic factors, the spatial variations in the geochemical characteristics of groundwater appeared to be related to pollution due to effluents from the Mula Sugar Factory. The cause of groundwater pollution is the effluent carried by a stream flowing through the area. Fluctuations in the groundwater table, influent water quality character of the stream, less capacity to accommodate large volume of effluent and occurrence of zero base flow (under natural conditions) in the stream are the factors favoring infiltration of constituents of waste water into the underlying weathered basaltic aquifer. Pollutants have entered into the shallow aquifer by downward percolation through the zone of aeration to form a recharge mound at the water table and, further, lateral movement below the water table. The plume of polluted groundwater has a lateral extent of a few meters in the upstream area and more than 400 m on either side of the stream in the downstream part. The zone of polluted groundwater has an areal extent of more than 3.5 km². Groundwater is the only source available for drinking and agricultural purposes. It is recommended that the base of the lagoons and the stream used for release of plant effluent should be waterproofed for the protection of groundwater in the Sonai area. Received: 30 April 1997 · Accepted: 23 September 1997  相似文献   

Degradation of Phenolic Compounds in Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Silica‐Immobilized Bacteria in Internal Loop Airlift Bioreactors          下载免费PDF全文

Piyamart Khongkhaem  Oramas Suttinun  Amarawan Intasiri  Onruthai Pinyakong  Ekawan Luepromchai 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(4):383-392

  相似文献   

Operational Cost Comparison of Several Pre‐Treatment Techniques for OMW Treatment     

Tamer Coşkun  Eyüp Debik  Neslihan Manav Demır 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(1):95-99

Olive mill wastewaters (OMWs), which are known to have deep impacts on the receiving water bodies due to their high‐strength contents of organic materials and color, must be treated before discharge. For this reason; a number of research studies have been available in current literature related to the treatment of OMWs. However, no widely accepted treatment alternatives have been proposed yet. The common results of these studies suggest that OMWs must be pretreated prior to final purification processes. This study focuses on the comparison of alternative pre‐treatment processes in the aspect of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and costs of operation. Centrifuging, lime precipitation, acid cracking, and electrocoagulation processes were performed to compare removal efficiencies and operational costs. The COD removal efficiencies for centrifuging, lime precipitation, acid cracking, and electrocoagulation processes were determined to be 30.1, 24.1, 20.0, 53.7%, respectively, with operational costs being $0.30, $0.37, $1.42, and $11.60 per cubic meter of wastewater treated, respectively. The centrifuging process was concluded to be the most appropriate one according to the COD removal efficiency and cost of operation.  相似文献   

广邻路华蓥山特长隧道岩溶地质问题与对策     

唐科行  万川  谭钢  陈子龙 《中国岩溶》2019,38(4):480-487

公路、铁路等线路穿越岩溶地区时,合适的选线方法可降低工程造价、减少工程病害及环境影响,从而科学解决穿越与避让问题。拟建广安至邻水公路为双向四车道一级公路标准,初步设计阶段在工程可行性研究基础上采用低线A线和高线K线方案进行研究。华蓥山特长隧道穿越岩溶地区,为本项目的控制性工程。以华蓥山特长隧道为研究对象,在充分收集既有G42沪蓉高速华蓥山隧道相关资料的基础上,通过分析岩溶区岩溶发育规律、水文地质特点和岩溶地区公路选线的相关要点,采用多种辅助技术,总结出选线原则,最终推荐K线方案为总体最优方案。通过此工程实例,提出在复杂地质岩溶区公路选线的过程中要遵守“多比选,慎选择”的原则、践行地质环保选线原则和“以避为主,避重就轻,动态设计”的设计要点。   相似文献