Deformation Mechanism and Stability of a Rocky Slope   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

黄润秋肖华波  巨能攀赵建军 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2007,18(1):77-84

A high slope is located on the side of the spillway at a hydropower station in Southwest China, which has some weak inter-layers inclining outwards. Parts of the slope show heavy weathering and unloading. There appeared deformation and tensile crack either on the surface or on the afteredge of the slope during excavation, and under a platform （elev. 488 m）, two levels of slopes collapsed on the downriver side. Based on the investigation in situ and the analysis of the geological structure, the conceptual model of deformation and failure mechanism was erected for this slope. Furthermore, the deformation characteristics were studied with FLAC^3D numerical simulation. Comprehensive analysis shows that the whole deformation of the slope is unloading rebound in certain depth scope and the whole body does not slide along any weak interlayer. In addition, two parts with prominent local deformation in the shallow layer of the slope show the models of ＂creep sfiding-tensile cracking＂ and ＂slidlng-tensile cracking＂, respectively. Based on the above analysis, the corresponding project of support and reinforcement is proposed to make the slope more stable.  相似文献   

金川软岩蠕变破坏机理电镜实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汪为巍  曹平 《岩土工程技术》2007,21(2):60-63

为探讨金川矿岩石蠕变破坏机理,应用微观扫描电镜(SEM)对蠕变受力情况下岩石破坏断口微观形态进行了观察研究,并分析了其产生的微观破坏机制。结果表明:岩石蠕变断裂的微观机制主要是拉伸、剪切作用下岩石发生脆性断裂,从岩石断裂微观形态研究岩石蠕变断裂,可以更好的揭示岩石断口微观形貌特征、裂纹生核、扩展、及断裂方式与岩石蠕变演进过程的联系。  相似文献   

黄土路堑边坡变形破坏机理的三轴试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄强兵  刘悦  彭建兵 《工程地质学报》2007,15(6):806-811

通过原状黄土的减压三轴压缩试验,研究了黄土边坡不同深度不同含水量土体的应力-应变关系,并与原状黄土的常规三轴试验结果进行了比较,发现减压三轴试验能合理地模拟和解释开挖卸荷作用下黄土边坡土体的变形与破坏过程。试验结果表明:坡脚开挖卸荷时,黄土边坡中浅层非饱和黄土易出现应变软化或塑性流动,强度较低,易产生较大变形,而深层饱和黄土仅在高围压下发生应变硬化,强度增加,在中低围压时均发生应变软化现象。分析认为黄土边坡特殊的工程地质条件,使得黄土边坡的特定部位在开挖卸荷作用下常形成了不利于土体稳定的含水量和围压组合,导致坡体特定部位的土体变形破坏,进而诱发边坡的变形破坏;开挖卸荷作用下黄土边坡变形破坏的力学机制应为蠕滑-压致拉裂或牵引式滑坡。  相似文献   

连拱隧道施工对洞口仰坡影响的三维数值分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

向安田  丁文其  朱合华  贾明辉 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(4):22-26

以江西某高速公路一浅埋偏压连拱隧道为例,采用Marc有限元程序对其出口段进行了动态施工的三维数值模拟。从施工过程中的应力集中、塑性区的分布形态和发展规律、仰坡轴向地表位移的分布特征等方面,系统研究了偏压连拱隧道施工对强风化岩体洞口仰坡的影响作用机制。结果表明:在模拟施工过程中塑性区和应力集中区只出现在洞体附近,可能的仰坡失稳往往是隧道施工失稳的累进性响应;洞口仰坡的轴向水平位移前缘大、后缘小,垂直位移后缘大、前缘小;隧道上方和近山脊一侧仰坡位移比近山谷一侧大,仰坡失稳往往从隧道上方和埋深较大一侧开始。  相似文献   

高地应力硬脆性围岩开挖损伤区时效性扩展案例分析——特征与机制     

杨艳霜  周辉  梅松华  张占荣  李金兰 《岩土力学》2020,41(4):1357-1365

硬脆性围岩在开挖完成后，其强度在高应力的影响下具有明显的时间效应，这导致围岩开挖损伤区的发展也呈现出与时间相关的特征。在岩石强度时效性演化模型的基础上，以锦屏二级水电站试验洞钻孔摄像、声波、变形监测等开挖损伤区实测结果为目标函数，采用正交设计方法、最小二乘支持向量机模型、粒子群优化算法等方法，建立了考虑时间效应的LSSVM-PSO智能反演分析方法，并以锦屏二级水电站试验洞为例，研究了开挖完成后的25 d里，围岩强度在高地应力条件下的时效性演化特征，进而获得这一时段内开挖损伤区扩展过程。研究结果表明：（1）高应力地区，隧洞开挖后，围岩损伤区的主要扩展方向受地应力控制，且最大扩展方向为最小主应力方向，且破坏区（破坏接近度FAI≥2）也集中于该方向； （2）开挖损伤区面积随时间近似呈S形曲线变化，表明开挖损伤区初始发展较为缓慢，随着时间推移呈现线性增加的趋势，最后又逐渐趋于稳定；（3）开挖后第3～10 d为开挖损伤区快速增长阶段。该研究成果对高应力地区硬脆性围岩开挖损伤区时效性演化研究具有指导意义。  相似文献   

斜坡地基刚性桩水平承载力上限分析     

赵明华  彭文哲  杨超炜  肖尧  刘亚楠 《岩土力学》2020,41(3):727-735

为探讨斜坡地基刚性桩水平极限承载力的计算方法，介绍柔性桩的等效刚性桩有效嵌入深度并引入极限水平地基反力分布形式。根据荷载指向坡外及坡内两种情况，提出适用于斜坡地基桩前土体的两种极限破坏模式。然后，基于极限分析上限定理，推导出两种荷载方向下的刚性桩极限承载力，并引入多组现场试验，验证了理论方法的合理性。探讨了边坡坡角、内摩擦角、黏聚力及荷载方向对极限承载力的影响，得出了一些规律性结论，并基于以上分析结果，提出斜坡地基刚性桩水平极限承载力随坡角变化的拟合公式。这些分析为斜坡地基上基桩设计提供了一定的参考，具有理论及工程应用价值。  相似文献   

冻结粉土动强度的荷载效应及长期极限动强度   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

沈忠言 《冰川冻土》1998,20(1):42-45

荷载效应包括速率效应和疲劳效应两部分．速率效应使冻土的动强度和退荷回弹动弹模随应变速率加快而提高;疲劳效应使冻土的动强度随振频增加而下降,但在低应变速率下却使动强度略有提高．在高应变速率下动强度大于静强度,在低应变速度下动强度小于静强度,其间存在一个临界应变速率．通过动强度－破坏振次关系,可确定长期极限动强度．  相似文献   

Proterozoic fluvial styles: response to changes in accommodation space (Rivieradal sandstones, eastern North Greenland)     

Martin S  nderholm  Henrik Tirsgaard 《Sedimentary Geology》1998,120(1-4):257-274

Fluvial styles recorded by the uppermost part of the Neoproterozoic ‘Rivieradal sandstones' succession of eastern North Greenland reflect variations in rate of generated accommodation space and possibly climatic changes. Three facies associations, arranged in two genetic sequences, are recognised within the succession. The lower sequence initially records little available accommodation space. A high degree of reworking results in sheet-like, high-energy, bed-load-dominated, braided river deposits lacking recurrent facies patterns. As accommodation space increases upwards through the sequence, reduction in reworking is recorded by the development of fining- and thickening-upward muddy fluvial cycles. Evidence of desiccation or prolonged periods of drought are absent within the deposits and climate was probably relatively humid. Channel deposits in the lower sequence reflect mixed-load, braided fluvial systems with stable channel banks and floodplains, and the gradient appears to have been low to moderate. These features are generally considered favourable for the establishment of meandering river systems, but channels, nevertheless, retained an overall braided character and their deposits show no evidence of meandering. Despite indications of a climatic setting without significant periods of drought sediments indicate that large fluctuations in discharge occurred within the mixed-load streams and this is suggested to be the main cause for the absence of meandering. The swift and rather dramatic response of the fluvial systems to changes in precipitation, probably resulted from rapid runoff rates caused by the absence of vegetation. The upper sequence shows an initial return to shallow, sandy braided river deposition recording little available accommodation space. A subsequent increase in the rate of generated accommodation space is indicated by the presence of alternating sheet sandstones and sand-streaked mudstones with abundant desiccation cracks. The sheet sandstones show evidence of high-energy, unconfined ephemeral fluvial flash-flood deposition, while the mudstones are interpreted to represent muddy floodplain deposits. The change in fluvial style, combined with the widespread evidence of desiccation, suggest an evolution towards a more semi-arid climate in the upper sequence. This climatic change could account for the reduced clastic input seen in the overlying marine succession which culminated in carbonate platform deposition. The present study suggests that even under conditions considered favourable for the formation of meandering streams, these will rarely occur in Proterozoic deposits due to the lacking influence of vegetation. Although meandering deposits cannot be ruled out as having formed in pre-vegetational times, the conditions for their formation appear to have been even more restricted than previously realised.  相似文献   

Controls on spatial and temporal distribution of Precambrian eolianites     

Kenneth A. Eriksson  Edward L. Simpson 《Sedimentary Geology》1998,120(1-4):275-294

Inversely graded stratification, generated by the migration of wind ripples, and adhesion structures permit unequivocal identification of Precambrian eolianites. These criteria, in combination with scale of cross-beds, angle of inclination of foresets, geometry of depositional units, and associated non-eolian facies, are used to discriminate between Precambrian dune/draa, dune-plinth, sand-sheet, and interdune deposits that formed in inland and coastal settings. Based on an analysis of published literature, fundamental conclusions can be drawn on the spatial and temporal distribution of Precambrian eolianites. The oldest reported eolianites are from the ca. 2.1 Ga Deweras Group in Zimbabwe and Hurwitz Group in Canada and numerous examples of eolianites are reported from the 1.8 Ga and younger rock record. Lack of Archean and early Paleoproterozoic eolianites and their widespread development after 1.8 Ga are examined with respect to: absence of vegetation, crustal growth and tectonic setting, relative sea-level fluctuations, unfavorable atmospheric and/or climatic change, and non-recognition. The lack of pre-2.2 Ga eolianites may be related to reworking by braided rivers combing across non-vegetated floodplains, reworking of coastal eolianites during transgression or their non-recognition in the Early Precambrian record. The temporal concentration of eolianites at 1.8 Ga may best be related to the early stages of breakup and the assembly phases of supercontinents.  相似文献   

Preservation of pre-vegetational mixed fluvio–aeolian deposits in a humid climatic setting: an example from the Middle Proterozoic Eriksfjord Formation, Southwest Greenland     

Henrik Tirsgaard  Ingrid E. I. xnevad 《Sedimentary Geology》1998,120(1-4):295-317

Sedimentological studies of a 30 m thick coastal cliff section within the Middle Proterozoic Eriksfjord Formation in western South Greenland reveals three distinct types of fluvial sand sheet deposits that reflect perennial streams (Type I), semi-perennial streams (Type II), and ephemeral flash floods (Type III). Perennial river sand sheets are characterised by co-sets of medium-scale trough cross-beds, interbedded with isolated medium- and large-scale, high-angle, tabular cross-beds. Indications of desiccation or subaerial exposure are absent. Semi-perennial fluvial sand sheets consist predominantly of low-angle cross-beds, interbedded with isolated sets of high-angle tabular cross-beds with common reactivation surfaces. Horizontal lamination and climbing ripple lamination form subordinate structures. Associated with the sand sheets are adhesion structures and 0.05–0.4 m thick sets of wind ripple-lamination indicating periods of subaerial exposure and aeolian reworking. High-energy ephemeral flash flood sand sheets consist almost exclusively of planar-parallel lamination and climbing ripple lamination with some isolated sets of low-angle cross-bedding. Scouring and internal truncation surfaces are common. The three types of sand sheets are considered to reflect deposition under changing climatic conditions, varying from humid to arid or semi-arid. Aeolian deposits are preserved within the sand sheets showing characteristics of dominantly perennial flow punctuated by shorter periods of desiccation (Type II), while sand sheets showing features typical of arid and or semi-arid flow conditions (Type III) contain no preserved aeolian deposits. This selective preservation is interpreted to be a result of the combined effect of groundwater table level and fluvial style which in turn are inferred to have been controlled by the climatic regime. The deposits show that during pre-vegetational times the preservation of aeolian deposits, under certain conditions, may be more optimal in fluvial systems formed in a humid climate than in fluvial systems formed under semi-arid or arid circumstances. The occurrence of aeolian deposits within a Precambrian succession of fluvial deposits therefore, need not be an indication of the most arid environmental conditions.  相似文献