基于自动观测站的鲁中地区土壤水分变化规律及精细化预报模型的研究     

环海军  杨再强  刘岩  夏福华 《气象科学》2016,36(6):834-842

为了建立鲁中地区土壤水分精细化预报模型,利用2010—2013年农田土壤水分自动站逐日资料进行土壤水分年、月变化特征研究,并结合附近自动气象站资料,以土壤水分平衡方程、农田蒸散模型为基础,采用逐步回归和曲线估计等方法建立4—6月无降水条件下平原水浇田与山旱田土壤水分1 d、7 d降幅的经验预报模型。结果表明:鲁中地区0~100 cm土壤水分贮存量年变化趋势和0~50 cm基本一致,年最高出现在8月,最低出现在6月,年降幅最大出现在3—6月,易出现干旱。对预报模型进行回代和预报检验结果显示,回代平均相对误差为0.07%,7 d模型和1 d模型滚动预报第7天0~50 cm土壤水分贮存量,绝对误差分别为-0.15和-2.17 mm,平均相对误差分别为-0.07%和-1.56%,模型具有较强的理论基础和实用性,预报精度较高,为鲁中地区土壤墒情监测和精细化预报提供支持。  相似文献   

Use of an inside buffer method to extract the extent of urban areas from DMSP/OLS nighttime light data in North China     

Minghong Tan 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(4):444-458

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)/Operational Linescan System (OLS) nighttime imagery provides a valuable data source for mapping urban areas. However, the spatial extents of large cities are often overestimated because of the effect of over-glow from nighttime light if a fixed thresholding technique is used. In the work reported here, an inside buffer method was developed to solve this issue. The method is based on the fact that the area overestimated is proportional to the extent of the lit area if a fixed threshold is used to extract urban areas in a region/county. Using this method, the extents of urban areas in North China were extracted and validated by interpretations from Landsat Thematic Mapper images. The results showed that the lit areas had a significant linear relationship with the urban areas for 120 representative cities in North China in 2000, with an R² value of over 0.95. This demonstrates that the inside buffer method can be used to extract urban areas. The validation results showed that the inside buffer model developed in 2000 can be directly used to extract the extent of urban areas using more recent nighttime light imagery. This is of great value for the timely updating of urban area databases in large regions or countries.  相似文献   

山东石墨资源潜力预测     

倪振平  马兆同  刘福魁  等 《江苏地质》2016,40(3):410-423

以"矿床成矿系列"理论为指导,利用"矿床模型综合地质信息预测"方法分析提取石墨典型矿床预测要素,结合典型矿床及石墨成矿地质特征提取区域预测要素,建立了区域成矿模式及区域预测模型。在陆缘海相对稳定的沉积环境下沉积形成的古元古代荆山群陡崖组徐村段含碳碎屑岩-有机质黏土岩-镁质碳酸盐岩建造、古元古代晚期区内的高角闪岩-麻粒岩相的中—高级变质作用是区内晶质石墨矿床形成的必要条件。区域性褶皱构造的翼部、次级褶皱构造的核部及转折端附近,角闪石、透闪石、透辉石、石墨、黑云母矿物组合特征是石墨矿床成矿、赋矿的重要要素,陡崖组徐村段石墨黑云斜长片麻岩或石墨透辉变粒岩是石墨矿床的重要找矿标志。石墨赋矿层位的高极化率、低电阻率、低磁异常特征是石墨矿床存在的重要指示标志。按照赋矿变质建造分布范围,控矿构造展布方向及区内电性、重磁异常特征等综合因素圈定预测区平面及深部延伸边界。全区圈定预测区85个,其中A级14个,B级11个,C级60个,分区域、地段、深度、级别(类别)定量估算500 m以浅资源量,预测晶质石墨矿物量1亿多t。  相似文献   

海洋生态重要性区域的内涵与识别方法研究——以黄河口为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

SHEN Zhiliang  YAO Yun  WU Yulin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(10):20-27

海洋生态环境目前正在承受来自人类活动和气候变化的巨大压力;急需必要的管理工具或决策支持系统来应对这些压力所带来的生态环境问题。对海洋生境的分类识别是开展生物多样性保护的基础和前提;海洋生态重要区识别作为一种客观、科学和灵活的生境分类评估和选划方法;已被科学界和管理者广泛接受和认可。本文首先介绍了海洋生态重要区的概念内涵以及识别方法的研究进展;给出了海洋生态重要区的定义;之后以黄河口为例;初步建立了针对该区域的生态重要区识别标准和评价方法;对黄河口及邻近海区进行了生态重要性等级划分。本文是对生态重要区识别方法在我国近海的首次应用尝试;研究结果可为我国基于生态系统的海洋管理提供科学方法和工具;也可为其他区域的研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Seeing the ocean through the eyes of seabirds: A new path for marine conservation?     

《Marine Policy》2016

Seeing the ocean through the eyes of seabirds could help meet the challenges of managing common-pool marine resources both in protected and unprotected areas. First, seabirds are top-predators, exposed to all threats affecting the oceans, and this makes them ideal sentinel organisms for monitoring changes within marine ecosystems. Second, seabirds cross both ecological and political boundaries, and following their movements should help making interdependencies within and between marine ecosystems more visible. Third, seabirds are conspicuous and often charismatic animals, which interact differently with different groups of stakeholders and provide the opportunity to acknowledge and discuss each other's values and interests. In this paper, we present these research avenues using a seabirds’ view, for tackling marine conservation and management issues, and we give operational examples of implementation based on our work in the English Channel.  相似文献   

From stormy seas to the doldrums: The challenges of navigating towards an ecologically coherent marine protected area network through England's Marine Conservation Zone process     

《Marine Policy》2016

There is an on-going process to establish Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs) in England, to form part of a coherent and representative network of marine protected areas under national and EU legislation. From 2009 to 2011, the MCZ process included strong participatory elements. Four regional multi-sector stakeholder groups developed MCZ recommendations collaboratively, in line with ecological guidance provided by the Government's nature conservation advisers. This guidance was based on Government policy principles, including that MCZs should be designated based on ‘best available evidence’. This paper analyses the multi-dimensional conflicts that emerged within the stakeholder group in south-west England, which were magnified by uncertainty about future MCZ management. In September 2011, after working through these conflicts through trade-offs and negotiations, the stakeholder groups jointly recommended 127 MCZs to Government. The process subsequently shifted to a top-down approach, with further stakeholder engagement limited to bilateral consultation. There was a concurrent shift in policy, from a broad-scale network-level focus towards single-feature conservation. A lengthy series of evidence reviews concluded that the existing evidence at the time was insufficient to progress with the designation of most sites, marking a clear departure from the policy principle of proceeding with the designation of a representative network based on ‘best available evidence’, and effectively undermining the work carried out by stakeholder groups. Though MCZ designation was originally timetabled for 2012, in November 2013 just 27 of the recommended 127 MCZs were designated in a first tranche. At the time, no clear timetable was in place for subsequent tranches.  相似文献   

Outdoor recreation monitoring in coastal and marine areas – an overview of Nordic experiences and knowledge     

Andreas Skriver Hansen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2016,116(2):110-122

This paper involves a collection and communication of important knowledge about and experiences with outdoor recreation monitoring in Nordic coastal and marine areas. This is a topic that so far has received little attention, especially among researchers and practitioners working with outdoor recreation monitoring in Nordic coastal and marine areas, who are in need of knowledge on the topic in order to advance monitoring activities and procedures. To remedy this situation, the purpose of this paper is to provide a knowledge base by listing and describing central literature contributions with important insight into outdoor recreation monitoring in Nordic coastal and marine areas. More specifically, this includes information about: (a) where important knowledge about outdoor recreation monitoring in Nordic coastal and marine areas can be found, (b) who the main contributors are and (c) what monitoring knowledge that has been reported so far. The paper also examines what tasks lie ahead for researchers and area managers in order to improve knowledge about outdoor recreation monitoring in Nordic coastal and marine areas. The paper is a central contribution and addition to manuals on outdoor recreation monitoring that are currently available in the Nordic countries.  相似文献   

津冀海岸线现状、变化特征及保护建议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施佩歆  王福  商志文  康慧  肖国强  杨吉龙  李建芬  姜兴钰  陈永胜  田立柱  李勇 《地质通报》2016,35(10):1630-1637

根据覆盖全区的3期遥感影像和实地调查,以及对滨海新区和滦河口2个典型区更深入的案例研究(包括回溯至1870年、1950年的基准岸线及逐年遥感信息),对津冀沿海海岸线现状进行解译和分类,并分析岸线变化特征及成因。津冀沿海现状岸线总长度894km,可以划分为自然岸线、半开发岸线和人工岸线3类,长度分别为90km、329km和475km。1950年以前为自然因素主导的岸线变化,1950年以后变为人类活动主导的岸线向海推进,逐渐加强的人类活动至2010年达到顶峰。在全球海面上升和区域地面下沉的大背景下,海岸线的自然演化趋势应该是向陆蚀退,但是人类活动主导的岸线变化却表现为违反自然趋势的向海推进。今后,向海推进最前沿的围海造陆区将受到来自海洋越来越强烈的影响,亟需加强监测和防护。兼顾环境保护与开发两方面的长远需求,建议赋予海岸线新的定义与内涵,划定岸线保护红线,恢复部分岸线的自然属性。  相似文献   

中国南部及邻区能源资源成矿区带数据集   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

游国庆  易荣龙  耿树方  陈炳蔚  庞健峰  杨志新  李佳林 《中国地质》2018,45(S1):66-75

能源矿产是国家安全和经济发展的战略资源,加强我国及周边地区油气和煤等能源资源的研究和开发利用意义重大。依据板块构造和大陆动力学以及油气与煤成藏地质学理论,以深部构造控制盆—山发育、盆—山耦合和热动力系统控制成矿的研究工作思路,应用70个油气田、471个煤田的基础地质资料,从沉积盆地发育的区域地质特征、成矿地质条件和成矿单元诸多方面,在地理信息系统（GIS）平台上提示了该区板块构造格局与能源资源的时空分布规律。中国南部及邻区能源资源可划分为3个成矿域,每个成矿域又可进一步划分为成矿省、含矿区（盆地）、矿田聚集区带、矿田（油气田）五个级别的成矿区域。数据集由构造带（断裂带和造山带）类型和时代、盆地类型和时代、能源矿产资源类型和丰度、成矿区带等元数据组成。该数据集是在区域大地构造研究的基础上,结合沉积盆地能源矿产（石油、天然气、煤）资源评价资料,综合分析成矿区带特征,利用地理信息系统（GIS）建立的一套完整的数据库,不仅是对中国南部及邻区区域地质认识和沉积盆地能源资源勘查工作成果的集成,而且为国家科学地引导地质找矿工作部署提供理论基础。  相似文献   

银额盆地及邻区石炭纪小独山期—二叠纪紫松期岩相古地理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史冀忠  陈高潮  姜亭  魏建设  牛亚卓 《地质通报》2018,37(1):107-119

采用野外地质调查与室内研究相结合的方法,根据野外地质调查收集的沉积岩岩石学特征、古生物及沉积构造标志,结合室内地球化学分析测试结果,总结研究区的沉积相划分标志,将研究区石炭系—二叠系阿木山组(干泉组)划分出6种沉积相,即辫状河三角洲相、冲积扇相、滨海相、碳酸盐岩台地相、浅海陆棚相和海相火山岩相,并进一步划分为13种沉积亚相。浅海陆棚相和滨海相是研究区沉积的主体,碳酸盐岩台地相次之,辫状河三角洲相和冲积扇相仅在靠近敦煌-阿拉善-狼山古陆及马鬃山-拐子湖中间隆起带的部分有分布,海相火山岩主要分布于裂谷中心火山喷发带。  相似文献