Ensemble prediction experiments using conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation     

ZhiNa Jiang  Mu Mu  DongHai Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(4):511-518

Two methods for initialization of ensemble forecasts are compared, namely, singular vector (SV) and conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP). The comparison is done for forecast lengths of up to 10 days with a three-level quasi-geostrophic (QG) atmospheric model in a perfect model scenario. Ten cases are randomly selected from 1982/1983 winter to 1993/1994 winter (from December to the following February). Anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) is adopted as a tool to measure the quality of the predicted ensembles on the Northern Hemisphere 500 hPa geopotential height. The results show that the forecast quality of ensemble samples in which the first SV is replaced by CNOP is higher than that of samples composed of only SVs in the medium range, based on the occurrence of weather regime transitions in Northern Hemisphere after about four days. Besides, the reliability of ensemble forecasts is evaluated by the Rank Histograms. The above conclusions confirm and extend those reached earlier by the authors, which stated that the introduction of CNOP improves the forecast skill under the condition that the analysis error belongs to a kind of fast-growing error by using a barotropic QG model. Supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-230), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40675030, 40633016)  相似文献   

Electrokinetic effect in the near-surface layers of the Earth     

M. B. Gokhberg  N. I. Kolosnitsyn  V. M. Lapshin 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2009,45(8):633-639

The electric field in the near-surface layers of a spherically symmetrical Earth was calculated. This electric field is generated by electrokinetic processes in a water-saturated porous medium deformed by lunisolar tides. An exact analytical solution of the Frenkel’ equations describing electrokinetic phenomena is found. Data of observations of the horizontal components of the electric field are processed. The main harmonics of diurnal and semidiurnal tides are identified in accordance with the theory.  相似文献   

关于两相饱和介质中流相Green函数的解析解   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

丁伯阳  宋新初  袁金华 《地球物理学报》2009,52(7):1858-1866

自然界中许多动力学问题需要用两相饱和介质Green函数求得解答,本文在两相饱和介质位移场Green函数解答的基础上,求得的有关饱和流体孔隙压力,进、排流体流量等三个Green函数.从而使两相饱和介质涉及流体问题的Lamb方程能完整地使用.论文在推导过程中详细地阐述了流体三个Green函数的物理意义,并将所得结果与Chen（1994）的纯数学的结果作了对比.最后文章讨论了解析解的稳定性.  相似文献   

A novel experimental procedure to investigate the biodegradation of NAPL under unsaturated conditions     

Laurent Andre  Monika A.M. Kedziorek  Alain C.M. Bourg  Frank Haeseler  Denis Blanchet   《Journal of Hydrology》2009,370(1-4):1-8

Soils need to be thoroughly investigated regarding their potential for the natural attenuation of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL). Laboratory investigations truly representative of degradation processes in field conditions are difficult to implement for porous media partially saturated with water, NAPL and air. We propose an innovative protocol to investigate degradation processes under steady-state vadose zone conditions. Experiments are carried out in glass columns filled with a sand and, as bacteria source, a soil from a diesel-fuel-polluted site. Water and NAPL (n-hexadecane diluted in heptamethylnonane (HMN)) are added to the porous medium in a two-step procedure using ceramic membranes placed at the bottom of the column. This procedure results, for appropriate experimental conditions, in a uniform distribution of the two fluids (water and NAPL) throughout the column. In a biodegradation experiment non-biodegradable HMN is used to provide NAPL mass, while keeping biodegradable n-hexadecane small enough to monitor its rapid degradation. Biodegradation is followed as a function of time by measuring oxygen consumption, using a respirometer. Degradative activity is controlled by diffusive transfers in the porous network, of oxygen from the gas phase to the water phase and of n-hexadecane from the NAPL phase to the water phase.  相似文献   

1679年三河-平谷8级地震近断层强地震动的有限元模拟   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

潘波  许建东  刘启方 《地震地质》2009,31(1):69-83

文中通过收集整理三河-平谷8级地震的历史记录、野外地质调查和区域地震等资料,建立了该地震的震源模型;以穿过研究区的12条测线和区域第四纪、新近纪、古近纪沉积等厚度图等资料为基础,建立了北京地区的传播介质模型;利用哈尔滨工程力学研究所的近断层强地震动有限元程序和40节点的高性能并行计算机计算了北京地区震后60s内地表各点的地震动速度时程和峰值速度。为检验模拟结果的质量,我们取2排测点的速度时程和水平向峰值速度等值线图进行了分析,发现计算结果与历史地震记录及实际地震观测资料吻合良好,说明了我们的模拟结果的可信性和模拟方法的客观性  相似文献   

Direct time-domain soil profile reconstruction for one-dimensional semi-infinite domains     

Seong-Won Na  Loukas F. Kallivokas 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

We discuss the inverse medium problem associated with the reconstruction of the heterogeneous material profile of a semi-infinite (layered) soil medium, directly in the time domain, based on the complete waveform response of the medium to interrogating waves. To tackle the inversion process, we use a partial-differential-equation-constrained optimization approach, supplemented with a time-dependent regularization scheme. We introduce an absorbing boundary to truncate the semi-infinite extent of the physical domain, and propose two schemes to refine the reconstructed profiles: the first is based on iteratively re-positioning the truncation boundary until convergence, and the second is based on optimizing the observation period, so as to exclude records with information beyond the truncation boundary. We present numerical results that attest to the efficacy of the proposed schemes in reconstructing sharp profiles of semi-infinite soil domains using both noise-free and noisy data, while in the presence of absorbing boundaries.  相似文献   

Transmitting boundary for water-saturated transversely isotropic strata based on the u–U formulation     

Jin Ho Lee  Jae Kwan Kim 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

A new transmitting boundary in a cylindrical coordinate system has been developed for modeling the elastic waves radiating out to an infinite boundary in water-saturated transversely isotropic soil strata over a rigid bedrock. The saturated soil strata are assumed to consist of a porous material and modeled as a transversely isotropic two-phase medium, based on the u−U formulation. The newly developed transmitting boundary is combined with the finite-elements model of the near-field region, using the same u−U formulation, and applied to the study of the dynamics of a rigid circular foundation in porous isotropic or transversely isotropic layered strata, either fully or partly saturated with water. The verification and application examples give valuable insights into new and interesting aspects of the dynamic behavior of rigid circular foundations in fully or partly saturated two-phase ground in terms of permeability, transverse anisotropy, and ground-water table level.  相似文献   

江西九江-瑞昌震区的尾波衰减特征初探   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

吕坚  朱新运  高建华  沈小七  汤兰荣  肖建华 《地震》2006,26(4):15-21

根据单次散射模型,利用数字地震记录资料研究和讨论了江西省九江-瑞昌震区的尾波衰减特征,获得了可信的结果。经过计算,震中距30 km内的5个地震台站得到Q0值在75~79内波动。η值大体可以分为两类:九江台和范镇台η值为0.86~0.88;丁家山、狮子洞和武皎台η值为0.94~0.97,这种差别可能与台站方位有一定的关系。考虑到此次地震的破裂尺度不会太大,可采用后3个台的计算结果,拟合得到九江-瑞昌震区尾波Qc值随频率的变化关系为Qc(f)=(77.5±15.6)f0.96±0.09。九江-瑞昌震区的Q0值为77.5,η值为0.96,与云南武定、施甸地区接近,这种类似现象是构造运动活跃地区的特征体现还是反映了中强地震破裂区局部介质性质的一种共性,有待于进一步深入研究。本研究参与计算的5个台站最大尾波流逝时间为40~44 s,得到的平均采样体深度约为53 km,相对江西地区地壳平均厚度33 km而言,结果反映的是九江-瑞昌震区地壳和上地幔顶部的介质性质。  相似文献   

饱水介质波动分析的谐波输入初始间断的处理方法     

王祥建  崔杰 《地震工程与工程振动》2008,28(2):165-170

本文以饱水两相介质的土力学模型为研究对象,在假定两相介质为弹性介质条件下,采用了显式有限元法和透射边界进行了饱和弹性半空间动力响应问题的研究。为避免谐波输入初始间断的影响,文中提出了一个处理函数,并以弹性半空间为算例,对饱水介质和单相介质分别进行了在底边界P波垂直入射时的动力响应分析,验证了该处理函数的有效性和实用性。  相似文献   

含黏滞流体各向异性孔隙介质中弹性波的频散和衰减   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

魏修成  卢明辉  巴晶  杨慧珠 《地球物理学报》2008,51(1):213-220

基于Biot理论,考虑液相的黏弹性变形和固液相接触面上的相对扭转,提出了含黏滞流体VTI孔隙介质模型.从理论上推导出,在该模型中除存在快P波、慢P波、SV波、SH波以外,还将存在两种新横波－慢SV波和慢SH波.数值模拟分析了6种弹性波的相速度、衰减、液固相振幅比随孔隙度、频率的变化规律以及快P波、快SV波的衰减随流体性质、渗透率、入射角的变化规律.结果表明慢SV波和慢SH波主要在液相中传播,高频高孔隙度时,速度较高;大角度入射时,快P波衰减表现出明显的各向异性,而快SV波的衰减则基本不变;储层纵向和横向渗透率存在差异时,快SV波衰减大的方向渗透率高.  相似文献