基于三维激光扫描数据的平地窑建筑结构研究     

冯晓刚  刘明星  李凤霞  李萌 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(3):1-3

以三原县柏社村平地窑建筑结构为研究对象,基于三维激光扫描技术,探讨了三维激光扫描技术应用于平地窑建筑结构的工作流程,包括技术方案的制定、外业数据采集和内业数据处理、成果展示等。研究结果表明:三维激光扫描技术可以有效提高建筑现状采集效率,保证外业数据获取的完整性。该研究充分肯定了该技术在建筑领域的应用优势,为建筑特别是古建筑领域的结构研究开辟了全新的途径。  相似文献   

Common features and different trajectories of land cover changes in six Western Mediterranean urban regions     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Land use and land cover change (LULCC) dynamics have been particularly strong in the Mediterranean region, due to its historical development and to agro-pedoclimatic conditions favorable to human settlement. This area has undergone in the 1950s and the 1980s intense urbanization processes that has followed different trajectories. Urban expansion commonly occurs at the expense of agricultural land, leading to the fragmentation of natural areas and conflicts over access to land resources. These dynamics mainly concern the fringe between urban and agricultural land, e.g. the peri-urban areas usually included within functional urban regions. Here, to identify common features of LULCC in Western Mediterranean urban regions, we investigated two main features: direct changes due to urbanization and indirect changes affecting non-artificial land uses. We compared LULCC dynamics in 6 case studies from the north and south of the Western Mediterranean region: the urban regions of Montpellier and Avignon (France), Pisa (Italy), Madrid (Spain), Meknes (Morocco), and Constantine (Algeria), using a 30-year multitemporal spatial analysis (1980–2010). Two series of Landsat TM images were acquired for each case study and land cover data were analyzed both for dynamics and for land patterns, using landscape and class metrics. We found no significant north-south differences in LULCC dynamics between the investigated Western Mediterranean urban regions. Differences are more pronounced between small–medium cities and large metropolitan areas in type of urban diffusion, which is more sprawled in small–medium cities and more compact in large metropolitan areas. Rather, differences occur in LULCC not directly affected by urbanization, since in Northern Mediterranean urban regions afforestation and abandonment of agricultural areas are prevalent and closer to the urban areas, whereas transformation of natural areas into agricultural ones occurs mainly in Southern Mediterranean urban regions at a similar distance from urban areas than it happens for afforested or abandoned areas. In attempting for the first time to assess LULCC in these Mediterranean urban regions, we provide a preliminary comprehensive analysis that can contribute to the active LULCC research in the Mediterranean basin and that can be easily applied to other Mediterranean urban regions.  相似文献   

Assessing and mapping human well-being for sustainable development amid flood hazards: Poyang Lake Region of China     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Less developed places that are affected by climatic impacts face great challenges to future development. Place-based assessments that look at both the development level and climatic impacts on development are important for understanding the current state of human well-being and generating insights into how to facilitate sustainable development in the future. We carry out an assessment of human well-being in the Poyang Lake Region of China (PLR), using GIS, remote sensing, and socio-economic data. We measure human well-being in three aspects of (i) development level, (ii) exposure of development to flooding, and (iii) sensitivity of development to flooding. Following the United Nations Development Programme's human development index, we examine development through measures of life expectancy, literacy, and income. We first use a digital elevation model and GIS data on levees to map flood hazard in PLR. Based on the flood hazard map, we then derive quantitative measures of exposure and sensitivity of the development in a town to flooding. Our assessment indicates that development in PLR overall is highly exposed and sensitive to flooding. There are significant variations in different aspects of human well-being among the 298 towns in the region. These variations suggest different sustainable development pathways and policy interventions for different places. We discuss the potential usefulness of our approach for other similar places.  相似文献   

山区土地流转对缓解耕地撂荒的作用   总被引：24，自引：6，他引：18  

邵景安  张仕超  李秀彬 《地理学报》2015,(4):636-649

耕地撂荒是目前山区发展较快的一种土地利用变化,耕地流转能否缓解这一过程,促进土地资源有效配置,以避免耕地资源浪费,是一个值得探讨的课题。借助前期研究成果,使用多视角两因素散点分析和单因素相关分析方法,旨在查明山区耕地流转对缓解耕地撂荒的作用,结果表明:1在村级尺度上,样区耕地流转与耕地撂荒间呈现显著负相关关系,流转率高的村庄,撂荒率低,尤其在优等耕作条件的耕地中表现更为突出,说明耕地流转可以减少优等耕作条件的耕地撂荒;2在地块尺度上,优等耕作条件的耕地撂荒率显著低于劣等耕作条件,样区耕地的撂荒主要由Ⅳ等耕作条件的耕地所贡献;3在村级尺度上,样区耕作条件对耕地撂荒率的作用较弱,村样本间耕作条件对撂荒率差异的解释能力不强,优等耕作条件的耕地撂荒仍然存在,说明以耕地流转率代表的土地租赁市场尚不发育;4但是,样区耕地流转率高的村庄,优等耕作条件的耕地撂荒率低,说明耕地撂荒仍然受到土地租赁市场的完善程度所左右,且土地租赁市场在优化耕地资源利用方面的作用已有一定程度的显现;5进一步完善土地租赁的市场化程度,有助于减少或降低耕地撂荒现象的发生,可以避免优等耕作条件的耕地浪费。  相似文献   

基于地形起伏度的山区人口密度修正——以岷江上游为例   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

刘颖  邓伟  宋雪茜  周俊 《地理科学》2015,(4):464-470

山区人口承载能力评价是山区国土空间管理的基础之一,而准确的人口密度数据是正确评价人口承载能力的基础。传统的人口密度算法并未考虑地形起伏度对人口分布带来的影响,不能客观反映山区人口聚集程度。引入地形起伏度、海拔高度因子,选择岷江上游作为研究区,首先运用GIS技术提取地形起伏度,再运用SPSS软件对人口密度与地形起伏度相关性进行分析,确定县域不同地形起伏度与海拔人居适宜标准,剔除阈值以外不适宜人口聚居的面积,对人口密度进行修正。研究结果表明:1岷江上游人口分布受地形起伏度的影响显著,二者的对数曲线拟合度为0.89,汶川县、茂县、理县、黑水县与松潘县地形起伏度与人口分布的相关性分别为:0.841、0.773、0.643、0.696和0.730;2应用地形起伏度对岷江上游人口密度修正,为真实反映山区人口密度提供了新的考量依据,剔除了人口密度空间噪音,5县地形起伏度与海拔适宜标准分别为:汶川3.2°和3 693 m,茂县4°和4 033 m,理县4.3°和3 790 m,黑水4.4°和3 853 m、松潘4.2°和3 966 m;地形起伏度高值区面积越大,修正前后的人口密度偏差越大,地形起伏度较大的理县和黑水县修正后的人口密度分别提高了7.8倍和5.6倍;地形起伏度较低的汶川县与茂县修正后人口密度仅分别提高2.3倍与2.4倍;3岷江上游人口潜在压力大,不同区域应因地制宜,汶川和茂县采取重点集约发展战略,理县和黑水县采取适度开发战略,松潘县应采取恢复与保护生态策略。  相似文献   

四川省山地类型界定与山区类型划分   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

范建容  张子瑜  李立华 《地理研究》2015,34(1):65-73

山地类型的界定是科学认知山地规律的基础,对山地科学的发展有着基础性的意义。山地科学研究的出发点与落脚点,是为了促进山区区域在各方面的可持续发展,所以在山地类型界定的研究结果基础上对山区类型进行划分,是山区可持续发展的基本科学依据。采用GIS技术并结合DEM数据,对四川省的山地类型进行界定,同时对山区的类型进行划分。在山地类型界定涉及到的地形起伏度计算中,对均值变点法的应用结果进行了讨论与改进,得到地形起伏度最佳统计单元为9.92 km2。将四川省山地类型界定为丘陵、低山、中低山、中山、次高山、高山、极高山;将山区划分为纯丘陵县、半山区县、准山区县、显山区县、整山区县,并对山区发展的政策方向提出了一定的建议。  相似文献   

四川省各市州公共服务供给空间的自相关分析     

宋雪茜  刘颖 《地域研究与开发》2015,(4)

通过空间自相关分析模型对2012年四川省各市州公共服务供给效率及空间相关性进行研究,结果表明:偏基本公共服务支出空间差异相对较小,但仍呈现出以成都市为中心向东部溢出的扇形扩散趋势;偏高级公共服务支出聚集程度过高,具有"中心-外围"空间溢出特征;灾后重建支出聚集在"5·12汶川大地震"灾区且对东部城市有一定的外溢;川西山区各类公共服务供给效率均较低,且呈现"低-低"相关的空间特点。公共服务供给效率及空间相关性受经济、政策和地理条件等综合因素影响。基于分析结果,建议针对不同类型公共服务应实施差异化空间供给策略,并针对山区实施特殊的公共服务供给政策。  相似文献   

The effect of ENSO on rainfall characteristics in the tropical peatland areas of Central Kalimantan,Indonesia     

Gatot E. Susilo  Koichi Yamamoto  Tsuyoshi Imai  Yoshiyuki Ishii  Hiroshi Fukami  Masahiko Sekine 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):539-548

Abstract

The effect of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on rainfall characteristics in the tropical peatland areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, is demonstrated. This research used rainfall data collected between 1978 and 2008. The results suggest a relationship between ENSO events and the trend in rainfall observed in the study area. Further analyses show that El Niño events have a stronger effect on the rainfall compared to La Niña events. El Niño events were also correlated to the increase in the number of days with less than 1 mm of rainfall in the dry season. The analysis reveals that the impact of El Niño events on rainfall in dry seasons is intensifying annually. Furthermore, ENSO events are not the only factors affecting rainfall trends in the observed area. Other factors, such as deforestation, may also affect the trend.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Susilo, G.E., Yamamoto, K., Imai, T., Ishii, Y., Fukami, H., and Sekine, M., 2013. The effect of ENSO on rainfall characteristics in the tropical peatland areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (3), 539–548.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地东南坳陷侏罗系展布特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙智超  苗苗青  王继勋  程明华  白忠凯  张金虎 《中国地质调查》2014,6(4):24-29

塔东南坳陷位于塔里木盆地的东南部,勘探程度较低。侏罗系为该区主要油气勘探目的层,明确塔东南坳陷侏罗系展布特征是实现该区油气突破的关键问题。通过分析2015年后实施的最新钻探工程以及最新采集处理的地震、电法剖面,结合钻测井、露头资料,研究塔东南侏罗系分布范围及厚度,结果表明侏罗系在塔东南坳陷广泛发育,仅在且末凸起西部局部地区缺失; 瓦石峡凹陷侏罗系十分发育,沉积厚度大,分布范围广,并向阿尔金山前有明显加厚趋势,可作为塔东南坳陷油气勘探目标区。  相似文献   

Evaluation of deep geothermal resources and delineation of favorable exploration areas in Binhai New Area,Tianjin     

TANG Yongxiang  CHENG Wanqing  ZHAO Sumin  TIAN Guanghui  LI Yuanyuan  ZENG Meixiang  LI Hao 《中国地质调查》2014,7(4):37-42

The geothermal resources and petroleum coexist in Binhai New Area, Tianjin. In order to exploit and reduce the exploitation risk of the geothermal resources in oil field, the authors analyzed the thermal storage, geothermal field, sedimentary facies and fluid chemistry, and summaried the enrichment mechanism of thermal reservoir in Dongying Formation. The thermal fluid exploitation resources for 100 years were calculated by the numerical model, and the exploitation potential was evaluated. Then on the basis of the exploitation potential, the factor weight of oil-rich degree, size and temperature of geothermal resources in the favorable exploration areas was analyzed. The favorable exploration areas were partitioned. This research has important significance in the exploration of deep geothermal resources and the reduction of development risk in the oil area.  相似文献