辽宁地区活动断裂对输油管道影响的研究     

高常波  宋志宏  钟以章  赵松戈 《东北地震研究》1995,(3)

本文对辽宁地区６个输油管道段两侧１０ｋｍ范围内的断层活动性进行了研究，其中有５条晚更新世－全新世断裂与管道相交，交叉点共有８处。在此基础上，重点研究了跨断层输油管道的震害特点，给出了不同地震烈度下剪切与弯曲破坏概率及震害预测结果。  相似文献   

Appraisal of regional and index flood quantile estimators     

J. R. Stedinger  L. -H. Lu 《Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics》1995,9(1):49-75

Our results illustrate the performance of at-site and regional GEV/PWM flood quantile estimators in regions with different coefficients of variation, degrees of regional heterogeneity, record lengths, and number of sites. Analytic approximations of bias and variance are employed. For realistic GEV distributions and short records, the index-flood quantile estimator performs better than a 2-parameter GEV/PWM quantile estimator with a regional shape parameter, or a 3-parameter at-site GEV/PWM quantile estimator, in both humid and especially in arid regions, as long as the degree of regional heterogeneity is moderate. As regional heterogeneity or record lengths increases, 2-parameter estimators quickly dominate. Flood frequency models that assign probabilities larger than 2% to negative flows are unrealistic; experiments employing such distributions provide questionable results. This appraisal generally demonstrates the value of regionalizing estimators of the shape of a flood distribution, and sometimes the coefficient of variation.  相似文献   

The effects of soil piping on contributing areas and erosion patterns     

J. A. A. Jones 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1987,12(3):229-248

Natural piping doubles the dynamic contributing area on the upper Maesnant stream in mid-Wales, mainly through linking points well beyond the riparian zones of seepage to the stream. Both discharge and sediment transport rates in the major pipes are closely related to the size of shallow surface microtopographic hollows in which they lie, and which themselves are largely created by piping erosion. However, pipe dischrges are frequently generated by contributing areas larger than these surface depressions and some pipes run counter to the surface topography. The redistribution and acceleration of hillslope drainage processes by piping has implications for theories of hillslope development, especially through plan-form modifications, and also for channel discharge and erosion.  相似文献   

Digital modeling studies for evaluation of hydrogeological characteristics in Shadnagar granite basin,Andhra Pradesh,India     

B. H. Briz-Kishore 《Journal of Earth System Science》1982,91(3):219-234

The use of digital models has increased significantly in recent years with the accessibility of fast computing machines. A variable dimensioned digital model was constructed for the Shadnagar granite basin using SPECTRUM-7 micro computer to integrate various hydrogeological characteristics and for their quantitative evaluation. The basin has an areal extent of 437 sq km and is demarcated with clear water divides in all directions. Transmissivity, recharge and discharge at each cell of the basin area were estimated by trial and error simulation of the hydrogeological phenomenon under steady state condition. Dynamic simulation at representative nodes facilitated the estimation of storage coefficient. The capability of the constructed model was established by the conformance of the simulated hydrographs with the actual behaviour of the ground water system. The entire studies ammended the earlier arrived estimates of various input/output hydrogeological parameters and evolved a methodology for efficient processing of aquifer simulation data  相似文献   

世界森林的数字地球监测   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

陈述彭  程维明 《遥感学报》2001,5(5):321-326,T001,T002

介绍中国风云气象卫星FY－1,FY－2对地观测数据应用于全球森林资源的分类监测。讨论中国加入WTO以后对全球森林资源再分配的新战略。以全球观点,分析贵州省的森林资源特色及其对世界的特殊贡献。评价21世纪中国森林数据库与林业管理信息系统的规划与建设。  相似文献   

疏勒河流域中游生态环境变化及成因分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

陈德华  刘少玉  王昭 《水文地质工程地质》2001,28(6):23-25

近三十年来,疏勒河流域中游地区生态环境不断恶化,主要表现为绿色生产严重退化,湿地面积缩小,盐碱地,沙地迅速增加。通过不同时段的遥感解译,分析了不同生态景观的定量变化及成因。恶劣的地理环境加上人类活动对水资源利用量的不断增加是造成该区生态环境日趋恶化的主要因素。保护地下水平衡和合理用水结构,实行水资源优化管理,提高水的利用率是社会经济,环境可持续发展的有力保证。  相似文献   

世界森林的数字地球监测     

陈述彭  程维明 《遥感学报》2001,5(4):321-326

介绍中国风云气象卫星FY－1,FY－2对地观测数据应用于全球森林资源的分类监测。讨论中国加入WTO以后对全球森林资源再分配的新战略。以全球观点,分析贵州省的森林资源特色及其对世界的特殊贡献。评价21世纪中国森林数据库与林业管理信息系统的规划与建设。  相似文献   

Hysteresis‐based flood‐wave analysis using the concept of strain     

Surendra Kumar Mishra  Vijay P. Singh 《水文研究》2001,15(9):1635-1651

Hysteresis represents a loop in a rating curve and is a phenomenon which closely resembles that occurring in stress–strain curves used for studying the elastic properties of solid substances in engineering mechanics. Earlier hysteresis‐based studies used for defining floodwave propagation in open channels have qualitatively shown that hysteresis is an index of energy loss during floodwave propagation. Using the concept of elasticity, this paper introduces a new term called flow strain (defined as the ratio of change in discharge to the initial discharge) for investigating hysteresis. The usefulness of this new term is evaluated with use of four dam‐break studies. The study reveals that:

• 1 flow strain is a function of three wave speeds, Seddon speed, Lagrange speed, and elastic speed;
• 2 a single linear reservoir concept frequently used in flood routing is a specific variant of the Seddon speed formula;
• 3 the non‐linear storage–discharge relationship, widely used in overland flow modelling, is a variant of the kinematic wave representation;
• 4 the discharge ordinates on the recession part of a hydrograph follow a simple first‐order autoregressive form;
• 5 the hysteresis, phase difference and logarithmic decrement all define attenuation and are indices of energy loss during floodwave propagation.

Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

阿尔泰东部新生代火山岩的地球化学特点及构造环境   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王登红  李天德 《大地构造与成矿学》2001,25(3):282-289

新疆三大山系均有新生代火山岩,其中南部西昆仑、阿尔金山及天山托云等地的新生代火山岩比较发育,在新疆东北部地区的阿尔泰哈拉乔拉一带也发育新生代的陆内喷发火山岩。这套火山岩虽然面积不是很大,但具有大陆溢流玄武岩的特点。在地球化学上也具有典型热点成因洋岛玄武岩或其它地幔柱成因玄武岩的特点,如TiO2含量高大于2%、轻稀土元素和不相容元素显著富集等。表明新疆北部特别是阿尔泰造山带东部演化到新生代以后,有向裂陷拉张方向演化的趋势,标志着一个新的大地构造演化阶段的到来。  相似文献   

我国低纬高原地区初夏强降水天气研究II·2005与2001年5月云南旱涝成因的对比分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董海萍  赵思雄  曾庆存 《气候与环境研究》2005,(3)

2001年和2005年的5月云南分别出现了严重的洪涝和干旱天气。通过分析研究表明,这两年在大尺度环流形势、季风爆发的早晚和强弱以及ENSO背景的影响等方面都有着显著的不同。2001年5月对流层中层的东亚槽位置偏西且强度偏强,同时南支槽稳定维持且较强,致使冷暖空气易于在云南地区交汇,这可能是在该地区产生较强降水的主要环流形势,而2005年5月东亚槽位置偏东,南支槽较弱,致使云南地区几乎没有水汽来源和缺乏冷暖空气的交汇,这是产生干旱的主要环流形势;同时南海季风爆发的早晚和强弱与云南5月降水也有着较好的关系,2001年5月南海季风爆发偏早且强度偏强,而2005年5月南海季风爆发偏晚且强度偏弱,这两年5月的降水差异较大;对水汽分布的分析还表明,2001年5月云南地区为水汽辐合区,且较常年平均偏大,水汽通量为西南向,且强度较强。而2005年5月云南为水汽辐散区,孟加拉湾的水汽向东进入南海,云南地区非常干燥;从ENSO大背景对其影响的分析可知,2001年5月的洪涝和2005年5月的干旱与这两年的前期海温变化似乎也存在一定的联系。  相似文献