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21.
陆相地层的层序地层学研究近年来取得了较大的进展,尤其在层序的组成、层序界线和最大洪泛面的识别以及层序模式的建立等方面研究得比较深入。层序地层的组成包括层序组合和层序的内部单元。层序界线和最大洪泛面的识别是陆相地层层序地层学研究的关键。目前已初步建立了箕状断陷盆地、坳陷盆地以及冲积地层背景的层序模式。 相似文献
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吉林大阳岔上寒武统凤山组—下奥陶统冶里组层序地层和化学地层研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
根据岩相序列、沉积、成岩作用特征,将吉林省大阳岔地区晚寒武世凤山期至早奥陶世冶里期层序地层分为6个三级层序,代表了6个三级海侵—海退旋回;与之相应,该时期碳酸盐岩δ13C值变化曲线出现5个低谷,其中凤山期至冶里早期泥晶灰岩δ13C值出现4次幅度较大的上升、下降飘移,而冶里中、晚期泥晶灰岩的δ13C值是在负值范围内波动。δ13C值低谷与层序界面和海退事件基本拟合。牙形类C.intermedius带下部海绿石质凝缩段是寒武纪末—奥陶纪初期最大海泛事件沉积,也是寒武纪与奥陶纪之交等时性的年代地层对比标志。 相似文献
23.
在泡沫复合驱油矿场试验过程中,由于压缩机注入压力以及现有注采工艺技术的限制,导致泡沫复合驱实际应用方案与实验方案有很大差异。为了正确评价试验效果,本文对泡沫复合驱应用方案进行了室内模拟评价,认为气液比是影响驱替效果最为重要的因素。随着气液比的下降,最终采出程度是下降的,气液交替周期对泡沫复合驱的影响非常明显。同时还进行了不同渗透率油层泡沫复合驱效果、泡沫复合驱和普通的三元复合驱油效果对比评价,认为相比于普通的ASP复合驱,泡沫复合驱技术具有明显的优势。这一试验对今后泡沫复合驱技术的进一步发展具有意义。 相似文献
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The equations for a compositional model for simulation of a two-phase, three-component system with inter-phase mass transfer are developed. Emphasis is placed on development of inter-phase mass transfer equations for incorporation of rate-limited inter-phase mass transfer. Due to the nature of the three-component systems considered, a single-film model may be inadequate and a two-film model must be utilized. A two-film model accounts for the simultaneous transfer of components in both directions across phase interfaces. The effect of interaction between components on diffusion is considered using a general form of Fick's Law. A Hand Plot representation of ternary phase behavior is chosen since it allows for straightforward calculation of miscibility of bulk phases under conditions of local non-equilibrium. The developed set of equations form the basis for a numerical model to simulate the enhanced removal of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) from porous media using single-component alcohol floods. 相似文献
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遗迹化石与潮控滨线海泛面的识别及准层序相组合──以塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组主要由潮坪沉积组成。根据遗迹化石与沉积特征,固底控制的遗迹化石Gyrolithes常常与沉积性不连续面(海泛面)有关,潮控滨线中的准层序由三类岩相组成,其中含砾砂岩相(相A)为潮道沉积,未见遗迹化石;含交错层理细砂岩相(相B)为砂坪沉积,仅见少量的遗迹化石Skolithos;强生物扰动粉砂岩、泥岩相(相C)为砂、泥混合坪沉积,发育有丰富的遗迹化石,代表Skolithos-Cruziana混合遗迹相。 相似文献
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This article presents the development of a relatively low cost and rapidly applicable methodology to simulate the spatio‐temporal occurrence of groundwater flooding in chalk catchments. In winter 2000/2001 extreme rainfall resulted in anomalously high groundwater levels and groundwater flooding in many chalk catchments of northern Europe and the southern United Kingdom. Groundwater flooding was extensive and prolonged, occurring in areas where it had not been recently observed and, in places, lasting for 6 months. In many of these catchments, the prediction of groundwater flooding is hindered by the lack of an appropriate tool, such as a distributed groundwater model, or the inability of models to simulate extremes adequately. A set of groundwater hydrographs is simulated using a simple lumped parameter groundwater model. The number of models required is minimized through the classification and grouping of groundwater level time‐series using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. One representative hydrograph is modelled then transposed to other observed hydrographs in the same group by the process of quantile mapping. Time‐variant groundwater level surfaces, generated using the discrete set of modelled hydrographs and river elevation data, are overlain on a digital terrain model to predict the spatial extent of groundwater flooding. The methodology is applied to the Pang and Lambourn catchments in southern England for which monthly groundwater level time‐series exist for 52 observation boreholes covering the period 1975–2004. The results are validated against observed groundwater flood extent data obtained from aerial surveys and field mapping. The method is shown to simulate the spatial and temporal occurrence of flooding during the 2000/2001 flood event accurately. British Geological Survey © NERC 2011. Hydrological Processes © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
30.
Large floods are often attributed to the melting of snow during a rain event. This study tested how climate variability, snowpack presence, and basin physiography were related to storm hydrograph shape in three small (<1 km2) basins with old‐growth forest in western Oregon. Relationships between hydrograph characteristics and precipitation were tested for approximately 800 storms over a nearly 30‐year period. Analyses controlled for (1) snowpack presence/absence, (2) antecedent soil moisture, and (3) hillslope length and gradient. For small storms (<150 mm precipitation), controlling for precipitation, the presence of a snowpack on near‐saturated soil increased the threshold of precipitation before hydrograph rise, extended the start lag, centroid lag, and duration of storm hydrographs, and increased the peak discharge. The presence of a snowpack on near‐saturated soil sped up and steepened storm hydrographs in a basin with short steep slopes, but delayed storm hydrographs in basins with longer or more gentle slopes. Hydrographs of the largest events, which were extreme regional rain and rain‐on‐snow floods, were not sensitive to landform characteristics or snowpack presence/absence. Although the presence of a snowpack did not increase peak discharge in small, forested basins during large storms, it had contrasting effects on storm timing in small basins, potentially synchronizing small basin contributions to the larger basin hydrograph during large rain‐on‐snow events. By altering the relative timing of hydrographs, snowpack melting could produce extreme floods from precipitation events whose size is not extreme. Further work is needed to examine effects of canopy openings, snowpack, and climate warming on extreme rain‐on‐snow floods at the large basin scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献