新疆伊吾县宝山铁矿地质特征、成矿模式与找矿方向   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张锦祥  聂卫东  赵献丽  张明君  朱靖  徐兴旺 《新疆地质》2007,25(4):368-372

宝山铁矿位于新疆东准噶尔晚古生代岛弧岩浆-构造成矿带东部,位于琼河坝铁铜多金属矿集区.宝山铁矿为由热液交代成因夕卡岩型磁铁矿矿体和黄铜矿-磁铁矿矿体、贯入成因夕卡岩型磁铁矿矿体和热液充填型黄铜矿矿脉构成的铁矿床,目前开采的主要为磁铁矿型铁矿.矿区岩浆岩类型多样,主要有花岗岩、辉长岩和辉绿玢岩.从矿体被花岗岩穿插及贯入型磁铁矿中含Co高等特征推断,主成矿岩体可能为隐伏的辉长岩.矿区深部存在规模较大的含矿夕卡岩质成矿流体"生产车间",含矿夕卡岩质流体的形成与迁移是脉动的,成矿后期以铜的成矿为主.宝山铁矿下步的找矿重点应放在对露天采坑深部隐伏铁矿和矿区深部隐伏铜矿的预测与探查.  相似文献   

Solute and isotope constraint of groundwater recharge simulation in an arid environment,Abu Dhabi Emirate,United Arab Emirates     

Jeffrey L. Imes  Warren W. Wood 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(7):1307-1315

A simple, well-constrained simulation of solute increases in a downgradient direction was used in the shallow unconfined aquifer of eastern Abu Dhabi Emirate (United Arab Emirates). The simulation indicates that the observed exponential increase in solute concentrations results from a combination of upward transport of solutes from underlying mudstones and evaporites, and groundwater losses by evaporation. Groundwater recharge and discharge flux in unconfined regional aquifers in arid regions commonly are difficult to estimate because there are few constraints on the flux of water lost or gained from the system. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and deuterium isotopes (δ²H) in groundwater are used to constrain estimated fluxes to the shallow aquifer of eastern Abu Dhabi Emirate. Vertical upward transport of solutes from underlying mudstones and evaporites accounts for solute increases along approximately the first 80 km of the simulated flow path, but a combination of upward solute transport and evaporation is necessary to explain observed solute concentrations beyond 80 km. Mobilization and transport of solutes in the unsaturated zone by recharging precipitation is not a significant factor.

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Résumé Une simulation simple et bien contrainte de l’augmentation des solutés dans la direction de l’écoulement a été réalisée sur l’aquifère phréatique et libre de l’Est de l’émirat d’Abu Dhabi (émirats Arabes Unis). La simulation indique que l’augmentation observée de solutés, de forme exponentielle, est le produit de la combinaison du transport ascendant de solutés provenant des mudstones et des évaporites sous-jacents, et de l’évaporation des eaux souterraines. La recharge des eaux souterraines et les flux de vidange dans les aquifères régionaux libres des régions arides sont habituellement difficiles à estimer du fait du peu de contraintes agissant sur la perte ou le gain d’eau dans le système. La charge dissoute totale (TDS, en anglais) et les isotopes deutérium (δ²H) des eaux souterraines sont utilisés pour contraindre l’estimation des flux en direction de l’aquifère phréatique de l’Est de l’émirat d’Abu Dhabi. Le transport vertical ascendant des solutés à partir des mudstones et des évaporites fait parti des processus qui concentrent les solutés approximativement le long des 80 premiers kilomètres du trajet des écoulements simulés, mais une combinaison du transport ascendant des solutés et de l’évaporation est nécessaire pour expliquer les concentrations observées en soluté au delà des 80 km. La mobilisation et le transport des solutés par les précipitations efficaces dans la zone non saturée ne représentent pas des facteurs significatifs.

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Resumen Se utilizó una simulación simple y muy restringida, de incrementos de soluto en la dirección del flujo, en el acuífero libre poco profundo del Emirato oriental de Abu Dhabi, (Emiratos árabes Unidos). La simulación indica que el aumento exponencial observado en las concentraciones del soluto, resulta de una combinación de transporte ascendente de solutos desde las evaporitas y lodolitas subyacentes, y por pérdidas del agua subterránea por evaporación. Los flujos de recarga y descarga de agua subterránea, en los acuíferos libres regionales en regiones áridas, normalmente son difíciles estimar, porque hay algunas restricciones en el flujo de agua perdido o ganado por el sistema. Los sólidos disueltos totales (TDS) y los isótopos de deuterio (δ²H) en el agua subterránea, se usan para forzar los flujos estimados hacia el acuífero poco profundo del Emirato oriental de Abu Dhabi. El transporte ascendente vertical de solutos desde las lodolitas y evaporitas subyacentes, involucra los aumentos del soluto a lo largo de aproximadamente los primeros 80 Km. de la dirección de flujo simulada, pero es necesaria una combinación de transporte ascendente del soluto y la evaporación para explicar las concentraciones del soluto observadas más allá de 80 Km. La movilización y transporte de solutos en la zona no saturada, por recarga debida a precipitación, no es un factor significante.

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Installation of a vertical slurry wall around an Italian quarry lake: complications arising and simulation of the effects on groundwater flow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. A. De Luca  M. Lasagna  A. Morelli di Popolo e Ticineto 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(1):177-189

Slurry walls are non-structural barriers that are constructed underground to impede groundwater flow or manage groundwater control problems. The study area is in the Piemonte plain (Italy), close to the River Po. Quarrying works carried out below the piezometric surface created two big quarry lakes. The local groundwater system is characterized by a lower semi-confined aquifer, which is overlain by a semi-permeable bed of clayey peat (aquitard) and an upper unconfined aquifer. Locally, the peat fades away and the granulometry of this horizon becomes silty sandy. A planned enlargement of the quarry will increase the size and depth of the quarry lakes. So the aquitard bed between the two aquifers will be damaged, creating a mixing rate of groundwater. Such a procedure would not be compatible with the presence of two municipal wells upstream from the quarries. Consequently, the installation of a vertical diaphragm (slurry wall) is recommended to separate the aquifers and to act as a filter for the groundwater flowing from the unconfined to the semi-confined aquifer. To predict the consequences caused by the installation of the vertical diaphragm separating the unconfined aquifer and the semi-confined one, a specifically adjusted finite-difference model was used. The model showed a maximum rising of the water table equal to 12 cm, just upstream of the diaphragm and for a distance of about 100 m, and a maximum lowering of 2 cm just downstream of the diaphragm. However, the slurry wall would not cause any change in the piezometric head in the area where there are municipal wells and, hence, will not have any negative effect on the functionality of the municipal wells. Moreover, the migration of water from the unconfined aquifer through the vertical diaphragm will stimulate a series of attenuation and auto-depuration processes of eventual contaminants. These processes are due to the higher crossing time that the groundwater flow takes to go through the vertical barrier (t _a = 96.5 days, whereas for the horizontal semi-permeable layer t _a = 9.6 days). So, the vertical diaphragm can be a resolutive element, representing a mediation and separation factor between the unconfined and the semi-confined aquifers along the border of the quarrying areas, and a protective barrier for the water quality of the quarry lake and the semi-confined aquifer.  相似文献   

Environmental isotopic and hydrochemical study of water in the karst aquifer and submarine springs of the Syrian coast   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Al Charideh  Abdul Rahman 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(2):351-364

The groundwater of major karst systems and submarine springs in the coastal limestone aquifer of Syria has been investigated using chemical and isotopic techniques. The δ¹⁸O values of groundwater range from ?6.8 to ?5.05‰, while those for submarine springs vary from ?6.34 to +1.08‰ (eastern Mediterranean seawater samples have a mean of +1.7‰). Groundwater originates from the direct infiltration of atmospheric water. Stable isotopes show that the elevation of the recharge zones feeding the Banyas area (400–600 m a.s.l.) is higher than that feeding the Amrit area (100–300 m a.s.l.). The ¹⁸O_extracted (¹⁸O content of the seawater contribution) for the major submarine springs suggests a mean recharge area elevation of 600–700 m a.s.l., and lower than 400 m a.s.l. for the spring close to Amrit. Based on the measured velocity and the percentage of fresh water at the submarine springs outlet, the estimated discharge rate is 350 million m³/year. The tritium concentrations in groundwater (1.6–5.9 TU) are low and very close to the current rainfall values (2.9–5.6 TU). Adopting a model with exponential time distribution, the mean turnover time of groundwater in the Al-sen spring was evaluated to be 60 years. A value of about 3.7 billion m³ was obtained for the maximum groundwater reservoir size.  相似文献   

2-D Crustal thermal structure along Thuadara-Sindad DSS profile across Narmada-Son lineament,central India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. N. Rai  S. Thiagarajan 《Journal of Earth System Science》2007,116(4):347-355

Central India is traversed by a WSW-ENE trending Narmada-Son lineament (NSL) which is characterized by the presence of numerous hot springs, feeder dykes for Deccan Traps and seismicity all along its length. It is divided in two parts by the Barwani-Sukta Fault (BSF). To the west of this fault a graben exists, whereas to the east the basement is uplifted between Narmada North Fault (NNF) and Narmada South Fault (NSF). The present work deals with the 2-D thermal modeling to delineate the crustal thermal structure of the western part of NSL region along the Thuadara-Sindad Deep Seismic Sounding (DSS) profile which runs almost in the N-S direction across the NSL. Numerical results of the model reveal that the conductive surface heat flow value in the region under consideration varies between 45 and 47mW/m². Out of which 23mW/m² is the contribution from the mantle heat flow and the remaining from within the crust. The Curie depth is found to vary between 46 and 47 km and is in close agreement with the earlier reported Curie depth estimated from the analysis of MAGSAT data. The Moho temperature varies between 470 and 500°C. This study suggests that this western part of central Indian region is characterized by low mantle heat flow which in turn makes the lower crust brittle and amenable to the occurrence of deep focused earthquakes such as Satpura (1938) earthquake.  相似文献   

个旧老-卡岩体接触-凹陷带锡-铜多金属矿地质特征及成因分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘明  彭省临  王力  杨斌 《矿产与地质》2007,21(4):395-403

个旧老—卡岩体接触—凹陷带是个旧矿集区最重要的锡-铜多金属成矿构造带,该带中锡、铜矿产资源十分丰富。通过对凹陷带内矿体地质特征、围岩地层含矿性、微量元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素等的研究,结合大地构造环境,结果认为,凹陷带矿体是多种成矿物质来源,经历多种地质作用、多个大地构造演化阶段的多因复成矿床,接触-凹陷带锡-铜矿体形成主要与燕山中晚期花岗岩岩浆作用有关,其次与印支期海底火山-沉积与海底（火山）喷流-热水沉积成矿作用有关。  相似文献   

大井铜-锡多金属矿床地质特征及其成因     

张信 《矿产与地质》2007,21(4):415-420

通过对大井铜-锡多金属矿床成矿地质环境、矿床地质特征以及对岩（矿）石同位素、稀土元素、成矿温度等地球化学和成矿物理化学环境的研究,认为,大井铜-锡多金属矿床为一典型的岩浆热液充填型矿床。与成矿有关的隐伏岩体受深部隐伏的深大断裂控制,可能与黄岗梁矽卡型铁-锡矿床同属一构造岩浆成矿带上不同成矿环境下形成的矿床。并认为,在该成矿带上及大井矿区深部仍有较大的找矿潜力。  相似文献   

青海省斑岩铜矿地质特征及找矿方向探讨     

张梅芬  刘建华  肖文进  杨自安 《矿产与地质》2007,21(4):440-444

以纳日贡玛斑岩型钼铜矿床为例,对青海省斑岩铜矿产出的地质构造环境、地质特征、成矿地质条件、含矿建造等条件进行了综合分析。在此基础上,对本省斑岩铜矿的找矿方向进行了初步探讨,提出了斑岩型铜矿床的区域构造-岩浆岩带、区域地球物理、地球化学、围岩蚀变等找矿标志,划分出有远景的五大斑岩型铜矿成矿带。  相似文献   

基于网络流理论的输油管道的最大输送问题研究     

张延飞  姜俊坡 《华东地质学院学报》2007,30(4):392-395

在天然气管道网络系统的工艺设计方案中,对布站的站点选择主要取决于其运营成本的相互比较,但鉴于需求和供应之间的关系,还必须考虑管道的输送能力和站点的容量等问题。对于这样复杂化的问题,利用网络流理论的最大流问题和最小费用的最大流问题,建立了输油管道最大输送问题的网络优化模型,并通过实例说明其有效性和可靠性。为输油管道网系统的构建提供了一种新的优化方法,在天然气管道输送决策管理中具有一定的理论参考价值和现实意义。  相似文献   

湖南宏厦桥花岗岩的水文地球化学特征和成因过程     

罗照华  曾小芽 《华南地质与矿产》2007,32(4):1-8

以湖南宏厦桥花岗岩体作为研究区,对地下水化学分析资料进行了研究,发现区内地下水系超淡、极软的、弱-中性的重碳酸型水,其化学组成以Ca2 、Mg2 、K 、Na 、HCO3-为主。与株洲地区的地下水相比,可溶性S iO2、K 、Na 和游离CO2明显偏高,而且,在水中M g2 、K 、Na 、HCO3-所占比重更大,m eq%平均比值分别是株洲地区地下水的2.23、1.27、1.16倍,表现出典型的花岗岩地区地下水相应的化学组成。研究还发现,区内地下水化学的分布具有较强的水平分带性。研究认为:区内地下水化学的形成和迁移受岩性、大气降水及影响水交替强度的地形、地貌、地表水系、断裂构造的控制,同时受其他气候要素及植被、人类活动等生物作用的影响;区内地下水化学成分的形成以硅酸盐矿物的分解和水解等化学风化作用为主,风化过程中CO2的积极参与起作关键性的促进作用。同时水中CO2的减少和阴离子以HCO3-离子占绝对优势地位,进一步说明花岗岩的化学风化过程是一个净碳汇的过程。  相似文献