九州西侧海域129°E断面的流速和温盐结构特征     

宋万先  郭炳火 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(5):538-545

根据中、日合作黑潮调查研究期间（1987－1993年）在九州西侧海域获得的水文资料，计算了129°E断面的地转流速和流量。着重提出129°E断面北侧存在一支较稳定的西向流；分析这支西向流的去向，指出它是向对马暖流输送黑潮水的重要途径；给出了这支西向流及黑潮通过该断面的流速、流轴、流幅及流量的变化特征。  相似文献   

胶州湾口海底沙波的类型、特征及发育影响因素   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

边淑华  夏东兴  陈义兰  赵月霞 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(2):327-330

采用多波束资料对胶州湾口的海底沙波类型、特征进行了研究,发现研究区主要有线性沙波(二维)、沙丘(三维)2种沙波类型。结合水流流速、海底构造和表层沉积物综合分析发现:海底沙波缓坡朝向与优势流向不完全一致,为强流作用的产物,在涨、落潮作用下均可形成;沉积物的多寡是研究区海底沙波类型分布的决定因素,海底松散沉积物较为丰富的地区形成二维沙波。在水动力强大的胶州湾口,沉积物多分布在构造低洼地带,使二维线性沙波的分布与海底断裂延伸方向一致。  相似文献   

台风"杜鹃"影响期间福建大风天气的特点及成因   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

凌士兵  高珊  刘铭 《台湾海峡》2005,24(1):15-21

台风“杜鹃”影响期间，福建大风天气出现的比较早，而且范围比较大．本文通过对天气尺度的环境场、具有代表性的单站资料的对比分析，寻求大风出现的原因．还深入利用MM5模式对台风的气压场、风场、流场等进行数值模拟，分析结果表明台湾地形倒槽的形成对此次大风天气出现有着重要的作用，此外从流场分型的角度进一步分析台湾地形倒槽的形成原因．  相似文献   

Nutrient budgets and trophic state in a hypersaline coastal lagoon: Lagoa de Araruama, Brazil     

Marcelo F. L. Souza  Bjrn Kjerfve  Bastiaan Knoppers  Weber F. Landim de Souza  Raimundo N. Damasceno 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):843-858

Lagoa de Araruama in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is a hypersaline lagoon with salinity varying spatially from 45 to 56. We collected water samples during monthly cruises throughout the lagoon, and along the streams feeding the system, from April 1991 to March 1992. Nutrients and other water quality parameters exhibited great spatial and temporal variations. Mass balance calculations indicate large amounts of anthropogenic nutrient inputs. The data indicate that the lagoon currently is oligotrophic but is in a state of transition to become a mesotrophic system. Molar dissolved inorganic nitrogen:dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIN/DIP) varied between 2.2:1 and 659:1 with a volume-weighted average of 22:1. The high DIN/DIP ratio contrasts with that found in nearby lagoons, suggesting that phytoplankton primary production is limited by phosphorus in Lagoa de Araruama. The major loss of DIP is apparently driven by biological assimilation and diagenic reactions in the sediments. Calculations indicate that the lagoon is slightly net autotrophic at +0.9 mol C m⁻² yr⁻¹. This suggests that the biomass of the primary producers is restricted by phosphorus availability. Phosphorus retention in the sediment and the hypersaline state of the lagoon prevent changes in autotrophic communities and the formation of eutrophic conditions.  相似文献   

The permeability of faults within siliciclastic petroleum reservoirs of the North Sea and Norwegian Continental Shelf   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Q. J. Fisher  R. J. Knipe 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2001,18(10):1315

Faulting in Middle Jurassic reservoirs occurred at shallow depth during regional extension. Clean sandstones (<15% clay) deformed without significant grain fracturing and permeability reduction. Faults in impure sandstones (15–40% clay) experienced significant syn-deformation compaction and permeability reduction. Enhanced compaction during deeper burial reduced their permeabilities further from an average of 0.05 mD at <2.5 km to 0.001 mD at >4 km. Clay-rich sediments (>40% clay) deformed to produce clay smears with very low permeabilities (<0.001 mD). Faulting in the Rotliegendes occurred at greater depth during both basin extension and inversion. Extensional faulting produced cataclasites with permeability reductions of <10–>10⁶; their permeabilities range from 0.2 to 0.0001 mD and are inversely related to their maximum burial depth. Faults formed or reactivated during inversion experienced permeability increase. These results can be extrapolated to other hydrocarbon reservoirs if differences in stress and temperature history are taken into account.The permeability of most (>80%) faults is not sufficiently low, compared to their wallrock, to retard single-phase fluid flow on a km-scale. Nevertheless, most faults could retard the flow of a non-wetting phase if present at low saturations. It may be necessary to incorporate the two-phase fluid flow properties of fault rocks into reservoir simulators using upscaling or pseudoisation techniques. Fault property data should be calibrated against production data before it can be used confidently.  相似文献   

Estimation of Land Subsidence Based on Groundwater Flow Model   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Shui-Long Shen  Ye-Shuang Xu  Zhen-Shun Hong 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2006,24(2):149-167

This article presents an approach for estimating land subsidence due to withdrawal of groundwater. The proposed method calculates the groundwater seepage in 3-D-condition and calculates the land subsidence one-dimensionally. The governing equation on groundwater seepage is based on the three-dimensional mass conservation law and the principle of effective stress. The land subsidence calculation method is derived based on the following assumptions: (1) displacements occur only in the vertical direction, and (2) in vertical direction the total stresses do not change. The governing equation is solved by numerical method, i.e., finite element method (FEM) in spatial discretization and finite difference method (FDM) in time series discretization. In FEM Galerkin method is adopted and in FDM, lumped matrix method is employed. The proposed method is calibrated via analyzing 1-D consolidation problem and the results are compared with those from Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation theory and oedometer test. The proposed method is employed to analyze the consolidation of a soft layer due to withdrawal of groundwater from an aquifer under it. Moreover, this method is also applied to a field case of land subsidence due to groundwater pumping in a gas production field in Japan. The analytical results are compared with the field observed data. The results show that this approach simulates the field case well.  相似文献   

Carbon cycling through the pelagic foodweb in the northern Humboldt Current off Chile (23{degrees}S)     

Gonzalez  H.E.; Giesecke  R.; Vargas  C.A.; Pavez  M.; Iriarte  J.; Santibanez  P.; Castro  L.; Escribano  R.; Pages  F. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2004,61(4):572-584

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Sediment movement under unidirectional flows: an assessment of empirical threshold curves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. Paphitis 《Coastal Engineering》2001,43(3-4)

A selection of threshold data sets from previous investigations is used to re-examine, selectively, some of the empirical curves that are most commonly used for the prediction of sediment threshold. Simple analytical formulae are derived describing single line curves for mean threshold values and envelopes for the initial movement of discrete particles and the commencement of mass sediment transport phases of the critical condition.The complexity of factors governing the prevailing conditions at threshold, together with the randomness of events, limits deterministic solutions; however, the curves provide an approach that can be used readily in practical applications. In contrast, the envelope presentation is more of a stochastic approach to the definition of threshold. It recognises that there is no definitive threshold condition under which a particular particle size can be displaced, but rather that a range of threshold values exist.The empirical threshold relationships were derived on the basis of a relatively large amount of data. However, the sources utilised have interpreted the ‘critical condition’ in various ways, implying that the formulae must be treated with caution in applications.  相似文献   

南海北部冬季和夏季逆风流机制初探Ⅱ.季风逆风流产生机制     

袁叔尧  邓九仔 《热带海洋学报》1997,(3)

分析讨论了季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦在产生季风逆风流的必要条件和间接逆风流诊断判据中的作用；应用季风逆风流必要条件和间接逆风流诊断判据，解释冬季风和夏季风逆风流是如何产生的。结果表明：季风风应力是产生季风逆风流的主导因素；冬季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦三者联合作用导致表层海水在大陆坡上产生辐合生成高水位带和高动力高度带，在大陆被北侧产生NE向的冬季逆风流，南侧产生SW向顺风流；夏季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦三者联合作用导致表层海水在大陆坡上产生辐散生成低水位带和低动力高度带，在大陆被北侧产生SW向的夏季逆风流，南侧产生NE向的顺风流；冬季风盛行期间，风致经巴士海峡流入南海的黑潮水，将加速冬季逆风流的形成，加大冬季逆风流的强度；夏季风盛行期间，风应力的作用使巴上海峡以东的黑潮水不能进入南海，即使别的原因令巴上海峡以东的黑潮水流入南海，但高温、高盐的黑潮水对夏季逆风流具有阻扼作用。  相似文献   

Does subterranean flow initiate mud banks off the southwest coast of India?     

K. K. Balachandran 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,59(4):589-598

Coastal waters off the southwest coast of India draw special attention because of the occurrence of mud banks at certain locations during southwest monsoon period. The present study puts forward a hypothesis of a subterranean flow, which could be a plausible mechanism to initiate the mud banks. The subterranean flow is believed to be coupled with activated trending faults and originate from the adjacent watershed (Vembanad Lake) separated from the sea by a narrow strip of land where submerged porous lime shell beds are present. When the lake water injection occurs through the fault, the mud/clay gets excited by its thixotrophic properties (as the overlying water looses its electrolyte) and transforms into a flowing fluid. The lowering of salinity due to the introduction of fresh water keeps the mud suspension in the water column for longer duration, leading to the formation of mud banks. The idea of subterranean flow through lime shell beds initiating formation of mud banks may apply globally to any coastal regions hugged by wetlands and of similar geological conditions.  相似文献