Determining Pressure with Daughter Minerals in Fluid Inclusion by Raman Spectroscopy: Sphalerite as an Example     

YANG Yuping  ZHENG Haifei  ZHANG Lifei 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(3):628-632

Abstract: Raman frequency of some materials, including minerals, molecules and ions, shifts systematically with changing pressure and temperature. This property is often used as a pressure gauge in high pressure experiments with the hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC). Since the system of fluid inclusion is similar to that of HDAC, it can also be used to determine the internal pressure of fluid inclusions. Sphalerite is a common daughter mineral. In this study, the frequency shift of the 350 cm?1 peak of sphalerite has been studied from 296 to 523 K and from 0.07 to 2.00 GPa using the HDAC. The global slope of the isotherms (?n350/?p)T is 0.0048 in the studied pressure range. No significant variation of the slopes with temperature has been observed. The correlation between the frequency shift of the 350 cm?1 peak of sphalerite and pressure and temperature is constrained as P=208.33(?np)350+3.13T?943.75. This relationship may be used to estimate the internal pressure of the sphalerite-bearing fluid inclusions.  相似文献   

Ore-Forming Fluid Characteristics of the Dayingezhuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Gold Province, China   总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27  

Liqiang Yang    Jun Deng    Chunying Guo    Jing Zhang    Shaoqing Jiang    Bangfei Gao    Qingjie Gong    Qingfei Wang 《Resource Geology》2009,59(2):181-193

The Dayingezhuang gold deposit is located in the central part of the Zhaoping Fault Zone, which is one of the most important gold-hosting faults in the Jiaodong gold province of China. Dayingezhuang is a typical large-scale shear zone-hosted disseminated gold deposit with superimposed silver mineralization. Fluid inclusion (FI) petrography and microthermometry, and analysis of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for fluid inclusions were conducted to determine the characteristics of the ore-forming fluids and the processes of silver mineralization. Microthermometry data of FI indicated that ore-forming fluids are characterized by low salinity and low density. Homogenization pressures of FI are estimated at 20 × 10⁵–220 × 10⁵ Pa. The change in ore-forming fluids from K₂SO₄ type to NaCl type indicates the superposition of two hydrothermal mineralizing events. Ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic components in the early mineralization period, and affected by meteoric waters in the late period. Gold may have been transported as Au-S or Au-Cl complexes, whereas silver was transported as Ag-Cl complexes. Early fluid boiling and later fluid mixing are thought to be two of the main factors causing the deposition and superimposing of gold and silver to form the large deposit.  相似文献   

Montecarlo DLA-type simulations of wetting effects in fluid displacement in porous media     

Rafael Rangel  Sergio Rojas 《Computational Geosciences》2009,13(2):215-225

In this work, we report diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA)-type Montecarlo computations of a stochastic model of displacement of a viscous fluid by another that preferentially wets a porous medium, for the case when both fluids are immiscible in the absence of buoyancy forces. The model has the aim to simulate cooperative invasion processes found in experiments of immiscible wetting displacement. The model considers the nonlocal effects of the Laplacian pressure field and the capillary forces via hydrodynamic equations in the Darcy regime with a boundary condition for the pressure at the interface. The boundary condition contains two different types of disorder: the capillary term, which constitutes an additive random disorder, and a term containing an effective random surface tension, which couples to a curvature (it constitutes a multiplicative random term that carries nonlocal information of the whole pressure). We generate different displacement patterns for different setting of the parameters of the model. We analyze these patterns by studying the scaling properties of the interface that separate the two fluids and calculating the fractal dimension of the interface. The results show the existence of three distinct regimes of scaling. One regime at the smallest-length scales is due to the multiplicative random disorder together with the nonlocal coupling; it reveals itself in a roughness exponent α ≈ 0.80. Additionally, we find a DLA-type scaling regime with a roughness exponent α ≈ 0.60 at the largest scales and intermediate scaling regime with α ≈ 0.70 corresponding to invasion percolation with trapping. Each regime has definite scaling ranges that depend on the capillary number and the relative wetting tendency of the fluids. The behavior of the fractal dimensions of the interfaces of the aggregates constitutes a further confirmation of the existence of three scaling regimes and the multi-self-affinity of the perimeter of the interface boundaries.  相似文献   

基于大涡模拟的小区气候态精细化风环境模拟试验     

姜平  刘晓冉  朱宇  曾文馨  朱浩楠 《气候与环境研究》2020,25(2):139-152

对具有复杂下垫面的小区精细化风环境进行数值模拟是当前城市气象研究的热点,而针对具有复杂地形的山地型城市（如重庆）的研究还比较匮乏。本文采用能显式分辨下垫面陡峭地形和复杂建筑物的计算流体力学（CFD）模式对重庆市渝北区龙湖社区气候态下的精细化风环境进行高分辨率的数值模拟。结果表明,下垫面能显著调节小区内风场的分布,风速大值区主要出现在九龙湖等开阔区域以及与中尺度背景入流方向一致的街道中。在夏季,小区整体风场以东南风为主,而其他3个季节则以偏东风为主。4个季节中,夏季小区内的风速最大,平均风速为0.3 m/s左右,局地能出现大于背景风的风速,可达0.8 m/s;其他3个季节的风速则较弱,区域平均的风速在0.2 m/s左右。不同的建筑物布局对局地风环境的影响也不同:单个孤立高层建筑迎风面的近地面存在明显地绕流,局地风速有所增加,而在背风面则形成尾流区,水平风速较低;在低矮分散的建筑群,建筑物的整体高度不高,区域内流场相对来说比较一致,风速较大,有利于小区的通风;在密集高层建筑群内,由于建筑物群本身的布局比较封闭,加之不同建筑物的环流场存在相互干扰及影响,使得小区近地面风速几乎为零,不利于小区通风和污染物扩散。建筑物的这些影响在城市冠层内尤为明显,高度越高这种影响越弱。  相似文献   

基于岩石物理实验的时移地震研究     

周水生  刘洪  王冲 《地球物理学进展》2013,28(4)

时移地震技术是油田开发阶段动态检测的一个重要手段.岩石物理实验室能实现模拟油气田在开采过程中其储层参数变化对岩石弹性参数的影响.本文基于岩石物理实验及地震正演模拟,分析了X气田在开采过程中其孔隙压力下降及水不断侵入情况下,进行时移地震监测的可行性及其主要影响因素.  相似文献   

地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层的岩石物理建模方法(英文)   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

李景叶  陈小宏 《应用地球物理》2013,10(1):1-13

碳酸盐岩油藏的强非均质性以及孔隙结构的复杂性,使得作为连接油藏参数与地震参数重要桥梁的岩石物理模型,以及作为油藏预测和定量表征最有效工具的流体替换成为岩石物理建模的难点与重点。在碳酸盐岩储层复杂孔隙结构与地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层非均质性分析基础上,研究采用岩石网格化方法,将地震尺度下非均质碳酸盐岩储层岩石划分为具有独立岩石参数的均质岩石子体,根据岩石孔隙成因与结构特征采用不同岩石物理模型分步计算岩石子块干岩石弹性模量,并根据不同孔隙连通性进行流体替换,计算饱和不同流体岩石弹性模量。基于计算的岩石子块弹性模量,采用Hashin-Shtrikman-Walpole弹性边界计算理论方法实现地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层弹性参数计算。通过对含有不同类型孔隙组合碳酸盐岩储层模型的弹性模量进行计算与分析,明确不同孔隙对岩石弹性参数的影响特征,模拟分析结果与实际资料认识一致。  相似文献   

Determination of scoured bridge natural frequencies with soil–structure interaction     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2013

This study developed a finite element method with the effect of soil–fluid–structure interaction to calculate bridge natural frequencies. The finite element model includes bridge girders, piers, foundations, soil, and water. The effective mass above the soil surface was then used to find the first natural frequency in each direction. A field experiment was performed to validate that the natural frequencies calculated using the proposed finite element method had acceptable accuracy. The calculated natural frequencies with the fluid–structure interaction effect are always smaller than those without this effect. However, the frequency change due to the fluid effect is not obvious, so using the soil–structure interaction model is accurate enough in the bridge natural frequency analysis. The trend of the frequency decreases with the increase of the scour depth, but the curve is not smooth because of non-uniform foundation sections and layered soils. However, when the scour depth is such that pile cap is exposed, the changes in natural frequency with the scour depth are more obvious, and this is useful for measurement of the depth using bridge natural frequencies.  相似文献   

On the impossibility of mean-field dynamos with some spherical symmetry of the motions     

Jürgen Reichert 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(3-4):213-226

Abstract

A spherical mean-field dynamo model is considered in which both the mean motion and the mean electro-motive force due to fluctuating motions show some spherical symmetry. It is shown that under some reasonable assumptions the magnetic field is bound to decay to zero.  相似文献   

A review of: “Problems of Solar and Stellar Oscillations. Iau Colloquium No. 66. Edited by D. O. Gough. D. Reidel Publishing Company, 493 pp. Df1195.00/U.S. $84.50 (ISBN 90-277-1554-8). 1983.”     

Irene M. Moroz 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(3-4):313-314

Abstract

The model equations describing two-dimensional thermohaline convection of a Boussinesq fluid in a rotating horizontal layer are known to support multiple instabilities, depending on the values of certain control parameters (Arneodo et al., 1985). Most of these multiple instabilities have already been studied for double or triple diffusive convection, where behaviours ranging from simple steady to irregular motions have been found. Here we consider the one remaining bifurcation mentioned by Arneodo et al. (1985): the interaction between a steady and an oscillatory convection roll when the linear spectrum for a single wavenumber comprises one zero and one pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues. The method of centre manifolds and normal forms is used to derive evolution equations for the amplitudes of the convection rolls close to bifurcation and the behaviours associated with the equations is discussed.  相似文献   

Finite amplitude convection and magnetic field generation in a rotating spherical shell     

Ke-Ke Zhang  F. H. Busse 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):33-53

Abstract

Finite amplitude solutions for convection in a rotating spherical fluid shell with a radius ratio of η=0.4 are obtained numerically by the Galerkin method. The case of the azimuthal wavenumber m=2 is emphasized, but solutions with m=4 are also considered. The pronounced distinction between different modes at low Prandtl numbers found in a preceding linear analysis (Zhang and Busse, 1987) is also found with respect to nonlinear properties. Only the positive-ω-mode exhibits subcritical finite amplitude convection. The stability of the stationary drifting solutions with respect to hydrodynamic disturbances is analyzed and regions of stability are presented. A major part of the paper is concerned with the growth of magnetic disturbances. The critical magnetic Prandtl number for the onset of dynamo action has been determined as function of the Rayleigh and Taylor numbers for the Prandtl numbers P=0.1 and P=1.0. Stationary and oscillatory dynamos with both, dipolar and quadrupolar, symmetries are close competitors in the parameter space of the problem.  相似文献