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31.
On the basis of FTIR and Raman spectra studies on hydrous albite glasses, it is found that there exist two water solubility mechanisms in albite melts simultaneously. On the one hand, water interacts with Al -O°-Al to produce the Q3 Al-OH, leading to depolymerization, and this results in the appearance of 4500 cm(1 in FTIR spectra and 900 cm(1 in Raman spectra. On the other hand, the exchange of H+ in water with Na+ in albite melt as charge-balancing cation occurs at the same time. In the initial stage, the production of Al -OH is the dominant solubility mechanism, at the stage of higher water contents, the exchange of H+ with Na+ becomes the important dissolution mechanism. The dissolution of water into albite melt can be expressed as H2O+ 3NaAlSi3O8 = 2NaAl(OH)Si3O7.5 +HAlSi3O8 +NaOH. 相似文献
32.
采用惰性气体保护下的高温熔融反应及氮淬冷技术,制备了xLI2S·（1—X）B2O23玻璃。利用DSC量热法研究了玻璃的非等温晶化动力学,计算得到晶化活化能E,Avrami指数n及晶化热—△H等动力学参数。实验发现,xLi2S·（1—X）B2O3硫氧化物能在X≤0．45的区域形成玻璃,x=0．25玻璃组份具有最强的抗晶化能力,而x=0．45玻璃组份最易晶化。玻璃的晶化为一热激活过程,且主要由表面成核机理控制。玻璃晶化活化能在180—100μm颗粒范围有最大值,晶化热—△H与峰值温度Tp满足线性关系。 相似文献
33.
A detailed experimental mineralogical and geochemical study on hydrothermal alteration processes of volcanic glasses with a different chemical composition and leucites sampled in the Roman Comagmatic Region was carried out. 2g samples of different grain sizes and 50 ml of deionized water or seawater were sealed in bronze Teflon-lined autoclaves and placed in a rotating sample-holder at 200°C. The internal pressure was 16.2 bars. At arbitrary intervals, the pressure vessel was quenched to room temperature and both solids and solutions were separated by filtration. The solids were used to identify possible alteration products by means of X-ray powder diffraction, SEM and microprobe analyses. In all deionized water systems the contact solution reached pH basic values, but in the various systems the consumption of H+ ions occurred in different ways. This is probably linked to different concentrations of released cations. In seawater systems, however, pH values initially fell sharply but subsequently increased slightly. After 2 days, cation concentrations were clearly buffered by reaction products in all solutions. These were mainly zeolites and clay minerals. The following crystallization sequences in all glass/deionized water experiments were observed: the first reaction product was represented by phillipsite, followed by analcime and illite in the alkali-trachytic run; chabasite and analcime in the phonolitic-tephritic run; analcime and finally feldspar in shoshonitic and trachytic runs. Phillipsite and smectite crystallized together only in the basaltic run. In leucite/deionized water systems, however, the first reaction phase was illite, followed by analcime and then phillipsite. The reaction products in glass/seawater systems were smectite and anydrite. The chemical composition of synthetic zeolites was clearly controlled by the chemistry of initial glasses. These synthetic zeolites are like the natural ones in volcaniclastic products from central and southern Italy. This suggests that extensive zeolitization processes of these volcaniclastic rocks may occur through interaction of volcanic glasses with fluids at a very low salinity and a temperature close to 200°C. 相似文献
34.
岩浆玻璃相和工业硅酸盐玻璃相的结构和应用研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用电子探针、拉曼探针、x衍射和高温高压试验等手段对火山岩和超基性岩岩浆包裹体、珍珠岩、黑曜岩、绝热SiO_2纤维、锆铝硅耐火材料和人工合成硅酸盐中玻璃相的成分、分子网络结构、断键程度,径向分布函数、Si-O键长和Si-O-Si键角等进行了系统研究并获得下列结论: 1)无论是地质体玻璃相还是工业硅酸盐玻璃相,其分子网络结构都是由单体[SiO_4]、二聚体[Si_2O_7]、环与链[SiO_3]、层[Si_2O_5]、架[Al Si_3O_8]和纯架状[SiO_2]6种网络单元所组成。 2)建立了在1μm~2范围内测量玻璃相网络类型和断键程度的拉曼微探针法。对国际上有争议的非晶玻相网络结构理论提出了新的模式和研究方法。 3)对含铬超基性岩岩浆包裹体的研究发现,强结晶化和半结晶化的岩浆玻璃包裹体是钠长石质玻璃相,以层状和架状网络为主,对应于铬尖晶石结晶的早期,而弱结晶化的岩浆玻璃包裹体是绿泥石质玻璃相,以层状和链状网络为主,架状网络为次,形成于铬尖晶石结晶的晚期。显而易见,对玻璃相分子网络结构的研究有助于重溯天然岩浆结晶和演化的物理化学历史,对研究矿藏的生成条件和提高工业硅酸盐材料的性能具有重要的意义。 相似文献
35.
矿物和玻璃中MgK-边X射线吸收光谱研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
我们利用同步辐射Ｘ射线吸收光谱已经研究了硅酸盐矿物、铝硅酸盐矿物和玻璃中的主要阴离子Ｓｉ、ＡｌＫ边Ｘ射线吸收光谱［１～５］,指出随着压力变化而引起Ｓｉ、ＡｌＫ边向高能位移而配位数增大的规律。硅由４配位（如石英）变成６配位（如柯石英）。Ａｌ在矿物结构中的配位不同,如４配位的蓝晶石、５配位的红柱石、６配位的矽线石。这些矿物的局部结构不同,其键长、键角也不同,从而引起矿物的物理性质发生明显的变化。Ｍｇ不仅是地壳中广泛分布的造岩元素,而且也是组成地幔物相和未分异的原始岩浆的主要成分,是组成造岩矿物的… 相似文献
36.
Glass samples from alkali-trachytic pumice of the Lower Member (LM, level LM1) and Upper Member (UM) of the Neapolitan Yellow
Tuff at Campi Flegrei Caldera were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.
The EPR data show that the relative occupancy of the different iron sites varies in samples from the Lower Member LM1 and
Upper Member of the eruptive sequence. The LM1 glasses are characterized by a more homogeneous distribution of the cationic
site population of iron compared with UM and by a different Fe3+/Al3+ substitution in the C2v symmetrical sites of the silicate framework. 29Si MAS NMR spectra on glasses indicate that LM1 glasses are more depolymerized than UM glasses, indicating the existence of
structurally distinct magma batches. 27Al MAS NMR spectra indicate the occurrence in UM glasses of aluminum in both tetrahedral and octahedral coordination; the
observed AlVI is believed to be a primary feature of the glass, since 27Al CP-MAS NMR experiments do not reveal detectable esa-hydrated Al. The Al in sixfold coordination could be ascribed either
to the more abundant alkali–OH terminations in UM, in which alkalies would be extracted from their charge-balance role for
Al, thus altering its fourfold structural position, or to permanent compaction during fast cooling and decompression of high-pressure
melts. 23Na CP-MAS NMR experiments indicate the existence of Na–OH groups in both LM1 and UM glasses, relatively more abundant in the
latter. Although preliminary, the results indicate the possible application of atomic-scale studies to variables that determine
the regimes of explosive volcanism.
Received: 1 July 1998 / Accepted: 1 October 1998 相似文献
37.
利用固相反应法制备了Bi0.5Ca0.5Mn1-xCoxO3(0≤x≤0.12)系列多晶样品.研究了Co掺杂对Bi0.5Ca0.5MnO3电荷有序的影响.结果表明,Co掺杂导致电荷有序相逐渐融化、铁磁相互作用的增强;当x≥0.08时,电荷有序转变峰完全消失,但残留的反铁磁电荷有 相似文献
38.
Ming‐Yue Hu Xing‐Tao Fan Brigitte Stoll Dmitry Kuzmin Ying Liu Yongsheng Liu Weidong Sun Guang Wang Xiu‐Chun Zhan Klaus Peter Jochum 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2011,35(2):235-251
Four silicate glasses were prepared by the fusion of about 1 kg powder each of a basalt, syenite, soil and andesite to provide reference materials of natural composition for microanalytical work. These glasses are referred to as ‘Chinese Geological Standard Glasses’ (CGSG) ‐1, ‐2, ‐4 and ‐5. Micro and bulk analyses indicated that the glasses are well homogenised with respect to major and trace elements. Some siderophile/chalcophile elements (e.g., Sn, Pt, Pb) may be heterogeneously distributed in CGSG‐5. This paper provides the first analytical data for the CGSG reference glasses using a variety of analytical techniques (wet chemistry, XRF, EPMA, ICP‐AES, ICP‐MS, LA‐ICP‐MS) performed in nine laboratories. Most data agree within uncertainty limits of the analytical techniques used. Discrepancies in the data for some siderophile/chalcophile elements exist, mainly because of possible heterogeneities of these elements in the glasses and/or analytical problems. From the analytical data, preliminary reference and information values for fifty‐five elements were calculated. The analytical uncertainties [2 relative standard error (RSE)] were estimated to be between about 1% and 20%. 相似文献
39.
Accurate Determination of Sr Isotopic Compositions in Clinopyroxene and Silicate Glasses by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS 
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下载免费PDF全文 Xirun Tong Yongsheng Liu Zhaochu Hu Haihong Chen Lian Zhou Qinghai Hu Rong Xu Lixu Deng Chunfei Chen Lu Yang Shan Gao 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(1):85-99
The low‐Sr content (generally < 100 μg g?1) in clinopyroxene from peridotite makes accurate Sr isotopic determination by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS a challenge. The effects of adding N2 to the sample gas and using a guard electrode (GE) on instrumental sensitivity for Sr isotopic determination by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS were investigated. Results revealed no significant sensitivity enhancement of Sr by adding N2 to the ICP. Although using a GE led to a two‐fold sensitivity enhancement, it significantly increased the yield of polyatomic ion interferences of Ca‐related ions and TiAr+ on Sr isotopes. Applying the method established in this work, 87Sr/86Sr ratios (Rb/Sr < 0.14) of natural clinopyroxene from mantle and silicate glasses were accurately measured with similar measurement repeatability (0.0009–0.00006, 2SE) to previous studies but using a smaller spot size of 120 μm and low‐to‐moderate Sr content (30–518 μg g?1). The measurement reproducibility was 0.0004 (2s, n = 33) for a sample with 100 μg g?1 Sr. Destruction of the crystal structure by sample fusion showed no effect on Sr isotopic determination. Synthesised glasses with major element compositions similar to natural clinopyroxene have the potential to be adopted as reference materials for Sr isotopic determination by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. 相似文献
40.
Time-resolved luminescence spectra of natural and synthetic hydrous volcanic glasses with different colors and different
Fe, Mn, and H2O content were measured, and the implications for the glass structure are discussed. Three luminescence ranges are observed
at about 380–460, 500–560, and 700–760 nm. The very short-living (lifetimes less than 40 ns) blue band (380–460 nm) is most
probably due to the 4T2(4D) →6A1(6S) and 4A1(4G) →6A1(6S) ligand field transitions of Fe3+. The green luminescence (500–560 nm) arises from the Mn2+ transition 4T1(4G) →6A1(6S). It shows weak vibronic structure, short lifetimes less than 250 μs, and indicates that Mn2+ is tetrahedrally coordinated, occupying sites with similar distortions and ion–oxygen interactions in all samples studied.
The red luminescence (700–760 nm) arising from the 4T1(4G) →6A1(6S) transition of Fe3+ has much longer lifetimes of the order of several ms, and indicates that ferric iron is also mainly tetrahedrally coordinated.
Increasing the total water content of the glasses leads to quenching of the red luminescence and decrease of the distortions
of the Fe3+ polyhedra.
Received: 30 July 2001 / Accepted: 15 November 2001 相似文献