黔西晚二叠世煤地球化学性质变异及特殊组构的火山灰成因   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18  

代世峰  任德贻  邵龙义  赵明君 《地球化学》2003,32(3):239-247

运用仪器中子活化分析(INAA)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP—AES)、X射线衍射(XRD)、带能谱仪的扫描电镜(SEM—EDX)及光学显微镜等手段，对黔西晚二叠世煤地球化学性质变异及其特殊组构的火山灰成因进行了研究。结果表明，贵州西部织金矿区9煤层中异常高含量的Fe(4．24％)、Cu(369．90μg／g)、U(49．6μg／g)、Mo(63．10μg／g)、Zn(33．97μg／g)等是来源于同沉积基性火山灰降落到泥炭沼泽中所致；高含量的Fe、Cu并非以通常意义的煤中硫化物状态存在；除煤中有机质和陆源碎屑外，发现了由火山灰、有机质和陆源碎屑所形成的煤层中的特殊组构，暂定名为沉碳质火山胶凝物，它是一种有机—无机高度混合物质，根据沉碳质火山胶凝物的形态特征和物质组成，厘定出6种组构类型，分别是：网状组构、细屑组构、基质组构、孔腔组构、均质组构和碎屑组构。  相似文献   

煤层气测井资料解释初探   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12  

高绪晨张春才  段铁梁 《中国煤田地质》2003,15(4):54-57

探讨了用于煤层气测井资料解释的煤层气储层的组成模型。煤层气储层具有双重孔隙结构,因此它可以分成裂隙和含微孔隙的基质两部分。就煤层气储层的组成成分而言,它由有机质、矿物质、水和气四个部分组成。从此组成模型出发,用以“岩心刻度测井”为主的解释方法,对煤层气储层的灰分、含气量和渗透率等储层参数进行了实测解释分析。  相似文献   

Geochemical and mineralogical anomalies of the late Permian coal in the Zhijin coalfield of southwest China and their volcanic origin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shifeng Dai  Deyi Ren  Xiaoqiang Hou  Longyi Shao 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2003,55(2-4):117-138

This paper describes the influence of volcanic ash on the concentrations and occurrences of associated elements in coal in the Zhijin Coalfield in western Guizhou Province, China. Our studies reveal that the No. 9 coal seam in the Zhijin Coalfield has very high content of Fe (4.34%), Cu (369.90 μg/g), U (49.6 μg/g), Mo (63.10 μg/g), Zn (33.97 μg/g), and Zr (841.80 μg/g). The studies have also found that elements, such as Fe and Cu, do not occur as sulfides in this coal seam, in sharp contrast to many other coal seams in China. The geochemical and mineralogical anomalies of the coal seam are attributed to synsedimentary volcanic ash. In addition to normal macerals and minerals in coal, a volcanic-influenced material (VIM) derived from volcanic ash, detrital material of terrigenous origin and organic matter was identified under polarized-light reflectance microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. The volcanic-influenced material is the main carrier of the above elements in this coal. Six types of the volcanic-influenced material (VIM-1, VIM-2, VIM-3, VIM-4, VIM-5, and VIM-6) are further distinguished on the basis of their structures and compositions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that presents a detailed classification of coal components with a high content of volcanic ash.  相似文献   

Utilization of fly ash for stabilization/solidification of heavy metal contaminated soils   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

Dimitris Dermatas  Xiaoguang Meng 《Engineering Geology》2003,70(3-4):377-394

Pozzolanic-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) is an effective, yet economic remediation technology to immobilize heavy metals in contaminated soils and sludges. In the present study, fly ash waste materials were used along with quicklime (CaO) to immobilize lead, trivalent and hexavalent chromium present in artificially contaminated clayey sand soils. The degree of heavy metal immobilization was evaluated using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) as well as controlled extraction experiments. These leaching test results along with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) analyses were also implemented to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for immobilization of the heavy metals under study. Finally, the reusability of the stabilized waste forms in construction applications was also investigated by performing unconfined compressive strength and swell tests. The experimental results suggest that the controlling mechanism for both lead and hexavalent chromium immobilization is surface adsorption, whereas for trivalent chromium it is hydroxide precipitation. Addition of quicklime and fly ash to the contaminated soils effectively reduced heavy metal leachability well below the nonhazardous regulatory limits. Overall, fly ash addition increases the immobilization pH region for all heavy metals tested, and significantly improves the stress-strain properties of the treated solids, thus allowing their reuse as readily available construction materials. The only potential problem associated with this quicklime–fly ash treatment is the excessive formation of the pozzolanic product ettringite in the presence of sulfates. Ettringite, when brought in contact with water, may cause significant swelling and subsequent deterioration of the stabilized matrix. Addition of minimum amounts of barium hydroxide was shown to effectively eliminate ettringite formation. Overall, due to the presence of very high levels of heavy metal contamination along with sulfates in the solid matrices under study, the results presented herein can be applied to the management of incinerator and coal fly ash, boiler slag and flue gas desulfurization wastes.  相似文献   

甘肃省近30年沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘天气空间分布特征   总被引：14，自引：5，他引：14  

张存杰  宁惠芳 《气象》2002,28(3):28-32

通过对甘肃省1971－2000年共30年沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘天气发生日数的分析，给出了年平均和四季的空间分布特征，并分析了沙尘天气形成的原因。分析发现，从武威开始，经景泰、白银、会宁到天水、徽县存在一个沙舌区，是浮尘天气的多发区。该沙舌与甘肃中部至陇南的干舌基本吻合，与青藏高原东北边缘的地形走向基本一致。该沙舌的存在是甘肃省中东部生态环境脆弱、荒漠化进一步发展的重要因素。  相似文献   

内蒙古自治区胜利煤田煤-锗矿床元素地球化学性质研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄文辉  万欢  杜刚  孙磊  马延英  唐修义  武文  秦胜利 《地学前缘》2008,15(4):56-64

内蒙古自治区胜利煤田煤-锗矿是新近发现的特大型锗矿床,矿区元素地球化学性质表现为:碱性元素Ca、K、Na、Mg、Al等相对富集,锗与其关系为正相关;轻重稀土元素分异度较大,轻稀土元素较为富集,随锗含量的递增,轻稀土元素由富集逐渐减弱,重稀土元素逐渐出现较弱富集;锗含量与REE、LREE负相关,与LREE/REE、δEu正相关,与La/Yb、La/Sm、(La/Yb)n、(La/Sm)n、δCe值均呈负相关关系;而锗含量与灰分指数呈负相关关系。成煤沼泽中比较平静停滞的水文条件有利于溶液中的锗被有机质充分吸附。胜利煤田煤-锗矿形成环境为弱碱性及还原性较强的环境。煤-锗矿床的稀土元素地球化学特征具有继承性,稀土主要来自物源区的无机物质,胜利煤田西南部盆缘的岩石富含锗,可能就是煤-锗矿床中锗的原始来源。锗源母岩区全锗的供给和全锗进入成煤沼泽后的水文地质条件对锗在泥炭中的富集具有控制作用。  相似文献   

陕西省渭河扩建电厂粉煤灰处理场土壤对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附作用     

唐克旺 《现代地质》1991,5(1):111-118

粉煤灰处理区的环境地质调查表明:由于受地面排放的粉煤灰的影响,地下水中Cr（Ⅵ）浓度高出背景值4⁵倍.野外现场试验对Cr（Ⅵ）监测结果显示:在2m厚的灰体底部,下渗水中的Cr（Ⅵ）浓度已高达0.701ppm,超标14倍.很明显,Cr（Ⅵ）是粉煤灰中的主要污染质之一.老灰场的环境地质调查还发现:土壤对Cr（Ⅵ）的迁移有很大的阻滞作用.作者对此进行一系列野外及室内试验来研究粉煤灰中Cr（Ⅵ）的解吸,迁移及其与土壤之间的相互作用和有关的化学机理,并且评价了渭河扩建电厂新灰场区土壤包气带对粉煤灰中Cr（Ⅵ）的净化能力.  相似文献   

粉煤灰填筑高速公路路堤的可行性研究     

蒋莹 《化工矿产地质》2004,26(2):122-124

粉煤灰具有自重轻、抗剪强度高、抗压性能好、渗透性能好固结快、容量大技术要求低等优点。作为高速公路路基填料可同时解决其存放占地及高速公路路堤填土需征地的问题。此项施工中应充分利用粉煤灰的活性、在最佳含水量下压实及采用相应措施加强排水.  相似文献   

Utility of trace elements in apatite for discrimination and correlation of Quaternary ignimbrites and co-ignimbrite ashes,Japan     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2017

Apatite is a common accessory mineral in intermediate and felsic igneous rocks. Because apatite has a wide range of trace-element compositions as well as strong resistance to diagenetic alteration, the trace-element composition of apatite has been used for tracing petrogenetic processes of plutonic bodies as well as the tephrochronology of Paleozoic tephras. However, it has been little used in Quaternary volcaniclastic deposits. Our studies of apatite trace-element compositions in representative Quaternary ignimbrites and their corresponding co-ignimbrite ashes in Japan demonstrated that such compositions are not affected by welding and can be successfully used for discrimination of, and correlation between, tephras and ignimbrites. We also could distinguish different tephra deposits and ignimbrites from the same caldera. Although most apatite trace-element compositions did not change throughout the succession of ejecta from a single eruption, the Fe contents in apatite varied across stratigraphic horizons. Consequently, we were able to correlate the Fe contents of apatite phenocrysts in specific ignimbrite horizons and their corresponding co-ignimbrite ashes and thus identify the phase of the eruption during which the major part of a co-ignimbrite ash was released.  相似文献   

基于相空间重构的FOA-GLSSVM深基坑变形预测模型研究     

谢洋洋  吴大鹏  付超  周杰  史益军 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(10):1048-1052

针对LSSVM模型参数选择的随机性与单一变量序列高维度重构参数选择的困难性,将相空间重构理论、果蝇优化算法引入LSSVM模型中,建立基于相空间重构的FOA-GLSSVM变形预测模型。为了验证提出模型的有效性与可靠性,结合具体工程实例与GLSSVM、支持向量机模型及最小二乘支持向量机模型进行对比研究。结果表明,提出的模型精度更好、稳定性更强。  相似文献