Oxygen isotope fractionation in mantle minerals     

Yongfei Zheng  Chunsheng Wei  Gentao Zhou  Baolong Xu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(1):95-103

The increment method is adopted to calculate oxygen isotope fractionation factors for mantle minerals, particularly for the polymorphic phases of MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄. The results predict the following sequence of¹⁸O-enrichment:pyroxene (Mg, Fe, Ca)₂Si₂O₆>olivine (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ > spinel (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄> ilmenite (Mg, Fe, Ca) SiO₃>perovskite (Mg, Fe, Ca) SiO₃. The calculated fractionations for the calcite-perovskite (CaTiO₃) System are in excellent agreement with the experimental calibrations. If there would be complete isotopic equilibration in the mantle, the spinel-structured silicates in the transition zone are predicted to be enriched in¹⁸O relative to the perovskite-structured silicates in the lower mantle but depleted in¹⁸O relative to olivines and pyroxenes in the upper mantle. The oxygen isotope layering of the mantle might result from differences in the chemical composition and crystal structure of mineral phases at different mantle depths. Assuming isotopic equilibrium on a whole earth scale, the chemical structure of the Earth’s interior can be described by the following sequence of¹⁸O-enrichment:upper crust>lower crust>upper mantle>transition zone>lower mantle>core. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.  相似文献   

A Coupled Riverine-Marine Fractionation Model for Dissolved Rare Earths and Yttrium     

Robert H. Byrne  Xuewu Liu 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1998,4(1):103-121

Fractionation of yttrium (Y) and the rare earth elements (REEs) begins in riverine systems and continues in estuaries and the ocean. Models of yttrium and rare earth (YREE) distributions in seawater must therefore consider the fractionation of these elements in both marine and riverine systems. In this work we develop a coupled riverine/marine fractionation model for dissolved rare earths and yttrium, and apply this model to calculations of marine YREE fractionation for a simple two-box (riverine/marine) geochemical system. Shale-normalized YREE concentrations in seawater can be expressed in terms of fractionation factors ( _ij ) appropriate to riverine environments ( ) and seawater ( ): where and are input-normalized total metal concentrations in seawater and is the ratio of total dissolved Y in riverwater before and after commencement of riverine metal scavenging processes. The fractionation factors ( _ij ) are calculated relative to the reference element, yttrium, and reflect a balance between solution and surface complexation of the rare earths and yttrium.  相似文献   

赛马-柏林川碱性杂岩常量组分变异的分离结晶制约     

谭东娟  林景仟  单玄龙 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1998,(4)

赛马－柏林川碱性杂岩体为侵位于古元古宙与新元古宙之间的缓倾斜岩席状岩体,缓倾的张裂隙制约了分异岩浆的侵位和含矿溶液的流通,交代富集的上地幔产生的富碱岩浆与富集的地壳产生的岩浆以不同比例混合,形成了正长质岩浆和霞石正长质岩浆。含地壳组分较高的正长质岩浆,受富钙辉石、角闪石和镁质较高黑云母的结晶分离制约向硅酸过饱和方向演化;霞石正长质岩浆受富钙辉石—霓辉石、白榴石、含Ｆｅ较高黑云母、黑榴石的分离结晶制约发生分异。稀土元素矿床是霞石正长质岩浆分异残余熔体的产物,侵位于岩体最高层位。  相似文献   

大豆蛋白废水处理中泡沫分离过程的数学模型     

杨向平  刘元东  席作家  翟绪丽 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(1):111-115

假设吸附过程始终处于平衡态、气泡大小均一以及每一个气泡均为正十二面体,构建了泡沫分离过程的数学模型.模拟了液池中蛋白质在气液界面上的吸附过程和泡沫层中气泡的失水过程,得出了富集比的表达式,可用于分离效果的预测.经验证,模型与实验条件下的泡沫分离过程基本符合.  相似文献   

Metal-residence sites in lavas and tuffs from Volcán Popocatépetl, Mexico: implications for metal mobility in the environment     

A. C. L. Larocque  James A. Stimac  Claus Siebe 《Environmental Geology》1998,33(2-3):197-208

 Volcan Popocatépetl is a Quaternary stratovolcano located 60 km southeast of Mexico City. The summit crater is the site of recent ash eruptions, excess degassing, and dacite dome growth. The modern cone comprises mainly pyroclastic flow deposits, airfall tephras, debris flows, and reworked deposits of andesitic composition; it is flanked by more mafic monogenetic vents. In least-degassed fallout tuffs and mafic scoria, transition metals are concentrated in phases formed before eruption, during eruption, and after eruption. Preeruptive minerals occur in both lavas and tephra, and include oxides and sulfides in glass and phenocrysts. The magmatic oxides consist of magnetite, ilmenite, and chromite; the sulfides consist of both (Fe,Ni)_1-xS (MSS) and Cu–Fe sulfide (ISS). Syn- and posteruptive phases occur in vesicles in both lavas and tephra, and on surfaces of ash and along fractures. The mineral assemblages in lavas include Cu–Fe sulfide and Fe–Ti oxide in vesicles, and Fe sulfide and Cu–Fe sulfide in segregation vesicles. Assemblages in vesicles in scoria include Fe–Ti oxide and rare Fe–Cu–Sn sulfide. Vesicle fillings of Fe–Ti oxide, Ni-rich chromite, Fe sulfide, Cu sulfide, and barite are common to two pumice samples. The most coarse-grained of the vesicle fillings are Cu–Fe sulfide and Cu sulfide, which are as large as 50 μ in diameter. The youngest Plinian pumice also contains Zn(Fe) sulfide, as well as rare Ag–Cu sulfide, Ag–Fe sulfide, Ag bromide, Ag chloride, and Au–Cu telluride. The assemblage is similar to those typically observed in high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization. The fine-grained nature and abundance of syn- and/or posteruptive phases in porous rocks makes metals susceptible to mobilization by percolating fluids. The abundance of metal compounds in vesicles indicates that volatile exsolution prior to and/or during eruption played an important role in releasing metals to the atmosphere. Received: March 1997 · Accepted: 27 May 1997  相似文献   

Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

L&#; E  ZHANG Lei  CHEN Min  QIU Yusheng  XING N  YANG Weifeng  LI Yanping  HUANG Yipu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(1):29-41

Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic  相似文献   

微量水δ(~(17)O)和δ(~(18)O)CoF_3法线外同时测试新技术     

余婷婷  甘义群  刘存富  李小倩  刘运德  蔡鹤生  周爱国  周建伟 《地质科技情报》2010,29(1)

三氧同位素(16O、17O、18O)组成特征可有效示踪天然水循环及其环境效应,微量水δ(17O)和δ(18O)CoF3法同时测试新技术的建立,可为三氧同位素定量研究提供有效的分析手段,特别是能够捕捉到像光合作用、呼吸作用等生物过程中发生的同位素分馏现象。在国内首次建立了微量水δ(17O)和δ(18O)CoF3法线外同时测试新技术,样品量仅需2μL,整个制样时间约40min。采用在质谱测试前对待测样品在100℃下预热10 min,待O2完全解吸后再进行质谱测试的方法,避免了制样和测试过程中的记忆效应及分馏效应,δ(17O)和δ(18O)的分析精度分别达到±0.07‰和±0.14‰。该法使用固体试剂CoF3替代了剧毒的气态氟化物BrF5,使得制样流程更加安全可靠且样品量少,适用性强,具有很大的推广应用价值。  相似文献   

Behavior of REE Fractionation during Weathering of Dolomite Regolith Profile in Southwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

GONG Qingjie  ZHANG Gaixi  ZHANG Jing  JIANG Biao  MA Nan 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(6):1439-1447

<正>REE fractionation during the weathering of dolomite has been recognized for decades.A regolith profile on dolomite in southwest Yunnan of China was selected to investigate the behaviors of REE during weathering.The weathering of dolomite is divided into two stages:the pedogenesis stage and soil evolution stage,corresponding to the saprolites and soils respectively in the regolith profile. SiO_2,TiO_2,P_2O_5,Zr,Hf,Nb and Ta were immobile components during the weathering by and large, while Al_2O_3,K_2O and Fe_2O_3 were lost during the soil evolution stage in the physical form(clay minerals probably).REE were fractionated during the whole weathering of dolomite.The field weathering profile and the lab acid-leaching experiments on dolomite indicate that MREE were enriched clearly relative to other REE during the pedogenesis stage in a "capillary ascending-adsorption" mechanism, but they did not fractionate clearly in the soil evolution stage.REE were lost and accumulated in the weathering front of dolomite during the soil evolution stage in a "physical-chemical leaching" mechanism.  相似文献   

Phase Chemistry Study of the Zabuye Salt Lake Brine: Isothermal Evaporation at 15°C and 25°C     

NIE Zhen  BU Lingzhong  ZHENG Mianping  ZHANG Yongsheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(6):1533-1538

Zabuye Salt Lake in Tibet, China is a carbonate-type salt lake, which has some unique characteristics that make it different from other types of salt lakes. The lake is at the latter period in its evolution and contains liquid and solid resources. Its brine is rich in Li, B, K and other useful minor elements that are of great economic value. We studied the concentration behavior of these elements and the crystallization paths of salts during isothermal evaporation of brine at 15°C and 25°C. The crystallization sequence of the primary salts from the brine at 25°C is halite (NaCl) → aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4) → zabuyelite (Li2CO3)→ trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) → thermonatrite (Na2CO3·H2O) → sylvite (KCl), while the sequence is halite (NaCl) → sylvite (KCl) → trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) → zabuyelite (Li2CO3) → thermonatrite (Na2CO3·H2O) → aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4) at 15°C. They are in accordance with the metastable phase diagram of the Na+, K+-Cl?, CO32?, SO42?-H2O quinary system at 25°C, except for Na2CO3·7H2O which is replaced by trona and thermonatrite. In the 25°C experiment, zabuyelite (Li2CO3) was precipitated in the early stage because Li2CO3 is supersaturated in the brine at 25°C, in contrast with that at 15°C, it precipitated in the later stage. Potash was precipitated in the middle and late stages in both experiments, while boron was concentrated in the early and middle stages and precipitated in the late stage.  相似文献   

丁二酸桥联双核铜Cu(C_3N_2H_4)_2(C_4H_5O_4)_2晶体的超分子结构及形貌特征     

陈洪  胡波  吴秀玲  余小红  张荔  肖兵  于梅花  陈敬中 《矿物岩石》2010,30(1)

用XRD,SEM和TEM研究新型配合物Cu(C3N2H4)2(C4H5O4)2的超分子结构和微观形貌,并对新型晶体的平衡外形进行模拟计算,结果表明:该配合物分子具有丁二酸桥联的双核铜结构,中心铜离子处在2个咪唑和4个丁二酸以单齿配位组成的八面体中心,在ab平面,分子中有十四元大环,环内Cu(1)-Cu(2)原子间距为0.8031nm,C(2)-C(2′)为0.4183nm;在ac平面,沿着[010]方向分子内呈现凹的六边形纳米级孔洞;沿[100]方向分子依靠弱的氢键作用,层状堆积成三维超分子结构。此外,随着丁二酸的碳链沿[001]方向无限延伸,形成以铜离子为交叉中心的带状拓扑构型。SEM观察到晶体表面形成有明显的凹坑,区域呈现层状阶梯,说明晶体在(100)面遵照台阶-扭折模型呈层状生长结晶。TEM微区形貌像显示晶体存在条纹和缺陷结构,整体保持柱状构型,这与模拟的晶体平衡外形呈柱状一致。模拟结果表明晶体最易外显晶面为(100)面,外显比例达41.247%,这与晶体超分子层沿[100]方向通过氢键作用堆积,键作用力较弱密切相关。  相似文献