基坑潜在隆起破裂面的Dijkstra组合优化搜索法     

胡志平  姚海明  罗丽娟 《岩土力学》2006,27(9):1583-1587

运用弹塑性有限元程序计算基坑围护结构与土体任意一点在开挖前后的应力状态,根据选定的屈服准则计算其极限状态函数值,通过有限元网格节点及其坐标,采用“人机对话”的优化方法选择坑底最大可能的隆起破裂面的起点和终点,通过Dijkstra算法找出基坑土体最可能发生坑底隆起破坏的潜在破裂面的形状及位置,并求出相应的安全系数。大量数值计算和实测资料表明：潜在破裂面终点的位置对围护桩插入比不敏感,而潜在破裂面起点位置则随围护桩入土深度的增加而逐渐靠近围护桩。搜索法得到的潜在破裂面突破了以往人为给定破裂面形状和极限土压力假定的限制,工程算例证实了基于组合优化Dijkstra算法的潜在破裂面搜索法的有效性和实用性。  相似文献   

Discrete element modelling of rock cutting: from ductile to brittle transition          下载免费PDF全文

Xianqun He  Chaoshui Xu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(12):1331-1351

It is well accepted that there is a transition of failure mode from ductile to brittle with increasing depth of cut during rock cutting process. Rock failure modes affect cutting efficiency, and knowledge of the failure transition is essential to the determination of optimum cutting parameters. The critical transition depth can be linked with rock properties. In this study, an attempt was made to model rock cutting process and to check the dependence of the critical failure mode transition depth on the brittleness of rock. For this purpose, dimensional analysis was first performed to establish the correlations between rock macro‐properties and micro‐parameters for discrete element simulations. Following the specimen calibration procedure, two types of synthetic rocks having approximately the same uniaxial compressive strength were generated as the synthetic specimens for simulating the rock cutting process. The first specimen was created using conventional model construction method with identical bond strengths between particles, giving rise to undesirably high indirect tensile strength. The second specimen was created using a proposed clustering algorithm such that the ratio between the tensile and compressive strength matches reasonably well with that of real rocks. The results of rock cutting simulations demonstrate that failure mode transition took place in both models, but for the clustered model the transition emerged at a shallower cutting depth. A further exploration was made to derive the critical depth for this transition based on the simulations performed on the clustered models. The derived relationship indicates that the critical transition depth decreases as strength ratio or brittleness of the rock increases. This provides a very useful tool for predicting the critical depth which can be used to help cutting tool design and cutting parameter optimisations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Simulation of damage–permeability coupling for mortar under dynamic loads     

Wen Chen  Christian La Borderie  Olivier Maurel  Gilles Pijaudier‐Cabot  Franck Rey‐Bethbeder 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(5):457-474

The results reported in this paper deal with the simulation of damage in cohesive geomaterials such as rocks or concrete subjected to dynamic loads. The practical objective is to stimulate the production of tight gas reservoirs with a technique that is an alternative to hydraulic fracturing. The principle is that when subjected to dynamic loads, cohesive materials such as concrete, rocks or ceramics exhibit distributed micro‐cracking as opposed to localised cracking observed under static loads. Hence, a low permeability rock containing gas trapped into occluded pores can be fragmented with the help of dynamic loads, and gas can be extracted in a much more efficient way compared with hydraulic fracturing, where only large macro cracks are formed with very few connections between occluded pores. At the stage of laboratory development of this technique, compressive underwater shock waves have been used to increase the intrinsic permeability of concrete specimens. In a previous study, pressure waves generated by pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharges in water were used in order to induce micro‐cracking and an increase of average permeability of concrete hollow cylinders subjected to confinement stresses (equivalent to geostatic stresses). We discuss here a 3‐D anisotropic constitutive model aimed at describing the dynamic response of these specimens. It is based on rate‐dependent continuum damage constitutive relations. Crack closure effects and damage‐induced anisotropy are included in the model. The directional growth of damage is related to the directional growth of material intrinsic permeability. Numerical simulations of damage induced by shock waves show good agreement with the experiments for various confinement levels of the specimens. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Damage–viscoplastic consistency model with a parabolic cap for rocks with brittle and ductile behavior under low‐velocity impact loading     

Timo Saksala 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(13):1362-1386

This paper presents a damage–viscoplastic cap model for rocks with brittle and ductile behavior under low‐velocity impact loading, which occurs, e.g. in percussive drilling. The model is based on a combination of the recent viscoplastic consistency model by Wang and the isotropic damage concept. This approach does not suffer from ill posedness—caused by strain softening—of the underlying boundary/initial‐value problem since viscoplasticity provides a regularization under dynamic loading by introducing an internal length scale. The model uses the Drucker–Prager (DP) yield function with the modified Rankine criterion as a tension cut‐off and a parabolic cap surface as a compression cut‐off. The parabolic cap is smoothly fitted to the DP cone. The strain softening law in compression is calibrated with the degradation index concept of Fang and Harrison. Thereby, the model is able to capture the brittle‐to‐ductile transition and hardening behavior of geomaterials under highly confined compression, which is the prevailing stress state under a bit‐button in percussive drilling. Rock strength heterogeneity is characterized statistically at the structural level using the Weibull distribution. An explicit time integrator is chosen for solving the FE‐discretized equations of motion. The contact constraints due to the impact of an indenter are imposed with the forward increment Lagrange multiplier method that is compatible with explicit time integrators. The model is tested at the material point level with various uniaxial and triaxial tests. At the structural level confined compression, uniaxial tension tests and a rock sample under low‐velocity impact are simulated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Contact mechanism of a rock fracture subjected to normal loading and its impact on fast closure behavior during initial stage of fluid flow experiment          下载免费PDF全文

Bo Li  Zhihong Zhao  Yujing Jiang  Lanru Jing 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(13):1431-1449

Fast closure of rock fractures has been commonly observed in the initial stage of fluid flow experiments at environmental temperatures under low or moderate normal stresses. To fully understand the mechanisms that drive this fast closure, the evolution of local stresses acting on contacting asperities on the fracture surfaces prior to fluid flow tests needs to be evaluated. In this study, we modeled numerically the asperity deformation and failure processes during initial normal loading, by adopting both elastic and elastic–plastic deformation models for the asperities on a real rock fracture with measured surface topography data, and estimated their impact on initial conditions for fluid flow test performed under laboratory conditions. Compared with the previous models that simulate the normal contact of a fracture as the approach of two rigid surfaces without deformations, our models of deformable asperities yielded smaller contact areas and higher stresses on contacting asperities at a given normal stress or normal displacement. The results show that the calculated local stresses were concentrated on the contacts of a few major asperities, resulting in crushing of asperity tips. With these higher contact stresses, however, the predicted closure rates by pressure solution are still several orders of magnitude lower than that of the experimental measurements at the initial stage of fluid flow test. This indicates that single pressure solution may not likely to be the principal compaction mechanism for this fast closure, and that the damages on contacting asperities that occur during the initial normal loading stage may play an important role. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

单裂隙粗砂岩渗流规律试验研究     

左伟  韩非  李俊妞 《岩土工程技术》2012,26(3):113-119

以石嘴山矿西翼采区为研究背景,通过三轴应力作用下岩石单裂隙渗流试验、裂隙开度与有效压力关系试验和大尺度岩石表面粗糙度量测试验,结合渗流力学基本理论,揭示了三维应力下单裂隙粗砂岩渗流规律,建立了有效压力、裂隙开度与渗透系数的关系式,以期丰富裂隙岩体渗流的理论研究。  相似文献   

河南洛宁房圪垃湾铅矿区地质特征及矿床成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高喜  高帅  柳阳阳  曹铮 《地质与资源》2012,21(5):453-456

房圪垃湾铅矿床产于太古宇太华群由角闪斜长片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩等组成的一套中深程度的区域变质岩中.区内主要有F9-Ⅰ、F9-Ⅱ、F9-Ⅲ、F10-Ⅰ、F10-Ⅱ、F11-Ⅰ、Ⅰ号等7个矿体,均赋存于断裂破碎蚀变带内,并严格受其控制.矿体的形态、产状与含矿断裂带基本一致,矿体多呈薄脉状、透镜状或似层状,沿走向及倾向均具舒缓波状特征,膨缩及分支复合现象明显.通过研究地质特征,认为矿床类型为破碎带蚀变岩型矿床,属中低温热液成因,成矿作用为区域变质-混合岩化-岩脉侵入-中低温热液交代充填.  相似文献   

裂缝型储层流动单元划分方法研究:以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8_1~1储层为例     

蒋平  赵应成  陈开远  李佳鸿  许晓明 《现代地质》2012,26(4):784-791

测井曲线R/S分析能够有效地表征储层裂缝发育程度。以往研究中单独运用声波曲线进行R/S分析并不能规避岩性变化对声波曲线的影响。采用重构曲线(AC-GR)进行R/S计算,能够有效地反映裂缝发育程度和位置。另外,统计表明裂缝发育层段裂缝密度同重构曲线的分形维数D平均值有很好的相关性。因此,在划分流动单元过程中,除选取常用的孔隙度、渗透率、有效厚度等参数外,还选取重构曲线(AC-GR)的分形维数D进行综合聚类分析。以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长811储层为例,按其综合渗流能力将其划分成4类流动单元:第1类主要位于主河道汇流处,基质物性好,有效厚度大,裂缝较发育;第2类主要位于主河道,有效厚度较大,裂缝发育程度一般;第3类位于河道侧翼,有效厚度小,裂缝发育;第4类零星分布,基质物性较差,裂缝不发育,总体呈北东—南西向展布。  相似文献   

新疆东昆仑托库孜达板—野狼沟一带地质背景及找矿方向     

杨宇  付晓婷  宋茂德 《吉林地质》2012,31(2):11-13,24

托库孜达板—野狼沟地区分布于祁曼塔格成矿域西段,是白干湖成矿带的一部分,区内岩性主要为石炭系喀拉米兰河群火山岩,浅成岩及花岗岩广泛分布,又位于在阿尔金断裂带及昆中断裂带的交汇部位,两断裂的次一级在区内特别发育。从以往1/50万化探成果及1/5万遥感解译成果看,矿致异常在区内大面积分布。近年发现的野狼沟铜多金属矿于石炭系次火山岩及北西向断裂构造关系密切。所有地物化遥等特征都预示了该区良好的找矿前景。  相似文献   

临潼—长安断裂带内地裂缝特征     

宋彦辉  李忠生  李新生  高虎艳  邓国华  蒋军军 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2012,23(2):50-54

简述了临潼—长安断裂带的特征及与地裂缝的关系,根据临潼—长安断裂带内两场地地层勘探剖面,证实了临潼—长安断裂带内地裂缝的存在,表明其与发育在临潼—长安断裂带上盘的西安地裂缝具有相同的性质和特征。同时通过地裂缝两侧地层的错断及厚度变化分析了地裂缝的特点及其地质历史活动规律,表明临潼—长安断裂带内的地裂缝活动受断裂活动影响也表现为东强西弱的特征。  相似文献