Pipe–soil interaction for segmented buried pipelines subjected to dip faults          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammad Hossein Erami  Masakatsu Miyajima  Shogo Kaneko  Toshio Toshima  Shozo Kishi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(3):403-417

This paper describes an investigation of pipe–soil interaction equations suggested by currently used pipeline seismic design codes and the applicability of these equations to segmented pipelines. The results of computer‐aided analyses were compared to results obtained in full‐scale experiments on a segmented ductile iron pipeline 93 mm in diameter and 15 m in length. The pipeline was installed 600 mm below the ground surface in a sandy soil compacted to two different subgrade reaction values. The type of fault considered was a reverse fault with an intersection angle of 60° with the pipeline, and the fault movement was a total of 350 mm in three same steps in the fault trace direction. The findings of this study demonstrate the necessity of considering the nature of soil behavior in pipe–soil interaction equations and the effects of connection joints on the integrated response of pipelines to fault‐induced ground deformations. A new combination of equations constituting a direction‐wise selection from among the equations proposed by currently used guidelines is introduced as a new series to describe pipe–soil interaction for segmented pipelines and is verified using the results of full‐scale experiments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

雪峰山西侧地区中上寒武统——层序地层学特征及层序格架     

赵灿  李旭兵  郇金来  陈孝红  刘安  危凯  张华 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(2):518-532

综合利用沉积学、岩石矿物学、碳同位素地球化学等分析手段,对研究区中-上寒武统层序地层学特征进行了分析。结果表明:中-上寒武统可以划归为1个二级层序和5个三级层序,在二级层序时限范围内,浅水相区经历了由局限台地潮坪→开阔台地→局限台地潮坪的沉积演化,斜坡过渡带则经历了由台地边缘→前缘缓斜坡→台地边缘的演化,研究区东南部的深水相区则由深陆棚→盆地→浅水陆棚组成。三级层序海侵体系域中沉积的颗粒白云岩、叠层石礁以及晚期高水位体系域中形成的溶孔白云岩、岩溶角砾白云岩的层位具有重要的油气勘探潜力,是值得关注和研究的领域。  相似文献   

Assessing the effectiveness of protecting reserves for nature assets in China     

Dongying WEI  Zunlan LUO  Junsheng LI  Wei WANG  Mengmeng ZHANG 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(4):417-427

Evaluating the effectiveness of protecting nature assets is a vital component of responsive, pro-active management of protected areas. It is important to protect reserves of geological (including fossils) assets as a means to also protect national and natural heritage. At the end of 2013, 2669 protected areas had been established in China and 123 of them are reserves for nature assets. This paper builds an evaluation framework for protection effectiveness of these assets. The current elements and characteristics for effective protection are analyzed, along with an analysis of existing problems so as to construct a scientific approach to protect these assets. The influencing elements and characteristics for effective protection of nature asset reserves are included in an index evaluation system for effective protection in such areas, which contains four parts-target layer, evaluation criteria, evaluation indexes, and evaluation parameters-based on related documents and files. For the target layer, it includes nature asset evaluation and management evaluation. In the end, it is discussed how to build a comprehensive evaluation model and achieve an effective quantitative evaluation.  相似文献   

The Ecosystem Condition of Basin of the Trans Border River Argun-Zabaikalsky Krai,Russia     

Gazhit Ts. TSYBEKMITOVA 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2015,6(2):119-122

Cyclic climatic changes, as well as the press of anthropogenic impact, affect ecosystems of the river Argun basin. Specialization of basin management is industrial and agricultural. The main impact is connected with the development of mining companies (including the mining of ore and placer gold), energy facilities, and the formation of reservoirs in the basin of rivers: the Argun — the Hailar. As a result of natural and anthropogenic pressure, the limiting factor for ecosystem exploitation in this basin is water resources (water deficiency and its quality).  相似文献   

Distribution of cadmium,mercury, and lead in different body parts of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis): Implications for environmental status assessments     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,78(1-2):130-136

For heavy metals, quality standards indicating good environmental status are designed to evaluate concentrations in the whole fish body, whereas monitoring of metals is often conducted using muscle or liver tissue. As most metals accumulate at different rates in different parts of fish, data should be adjusted to reflect whole fish body concentrations; however, this requires knowledge on distribution of metal concentrations within fish. Here, concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and lead were analyzed in the liver, muscle and whole fish of herring and perch to create conversion factors for transformation of heavy metal concentrations between these tissues. Species-specific accumulation of metals between muscle, liver, and whole fish were observed. Relationships between different tissues were used to recalculate data from monitoring programs in the Baltic Sea region. Based on whole fish concentrations, environmental status for cadmium and mercury in herring improved compared to assessments based on muscle or liver concentrations alone.  相似文献   

半隐式半拉格朗日动力框架的动能谱分析   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

郑永骏  金之雁  陈德辉 《气象学报》2008,66(2):143-157

大量的观测事实表明自由大气动能谱与波数之间满足如下关系:在大尺度区域满足E∝k-3关系,过渡到中尺度区域表现为E∝k-5/3关系.数值模式动能谱是测量模式动力框架的耗散的直接度量,而耗散对模式的性能有着重要影响,因此动能谱是研究和评估模式动力框架的非常规的有效方法.文中使用基于半隐式半拉格朗日动力框架的全球/区域一体化模式GRAPES进行数值模拟试验,然后计算GRAPES模式的动能谱并与实际观测得到的大气动能谱比较,得到GRAPES模式能够很好地复制出实际大气动能谱的分布特征,包括从大尺度区域的E∝k-3关系向中尺度的E∝k-5/3关系的过渡特征.并且发现GRAPES模式存在最大有效时间步长,当时间步长小于最大有效时间步长时,模式动能谱随时间步长增大而逐渐衰减;当时间步长大于最大有效时间步长时,模式动能谱随时间步长增大而虚假增长.同时通过与实际大气动能谱比较,发现模式动能谱在5Δx波长附近开始明显衰减,因此将5Δx波长定义为GRAPES模式的最高有效分辨尺度;当空间分辨率提高与时间步长等相协调时,中小尺度模式动能谱向中小尺度延伸而更接近实际大气动能谱;当空间分辨率提高与时间步长等不相协调时,中小尺度模式动能谱存在较大误差,相应的大尺度模式动能谱亦存在较大误差.此外,时间步长对模式spin up过程有着重要的影响,较小时间步长时,spin up过程能够很好发展出合理的动能谱结构,在物理空间上表现为模式能够在spin up时间内生成和发展出合理的中小尺度系统;而较大时间步长时,spin up过程很难发展出合理的动能谱结构,在物理空间上表现为模式未能在spin up时间内生成和发展出合理的中小尺度系统.最后,GRAPES模式动能谱与WRF模式动能谱具有一致性,GRAPES全球中期模式能够完美地模拟出大尺度的E∝k-3动能谱特征.综上所述,本文通过研究GRAPES模式动力框架的动能谱得到了一些有意义的结果,为进一步研究、完善、优化和应用模式提供了科学的指导,可见动能谱是评估模式动力框架的有效方法.  相似文献   

层序地层学在油田开发中的应用实践   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

尹太举  张昌民  李中超  毛立华  邓宏文 《沉积学报》2005,23(4):664-671

总结了依据地层基准面原理进行开发调整阶段储层精细对比和油藏精细描述的方法。以湖泛面为层序界面,在濮城油田沙三中6-10油藏内识别出超短期、短期、中期和长期四级界面和基准面旋回,短期旋回是油藏细分开发调整的最小单元。短期基准面上升期,形成向上物性变差、高渗段位于砂层下部的层内非均质模式,而短期基准面下降期,形成向上物性变好、高渗段位于中上部的层内非均质模式。中长期基准面较低部位沟道较为发育,砂体厚度大、分布广、物性较好,而在中长期基准面较高部位沟道不发育,砂体厚度薄、面积小、储层物性较差。中长期基准面上升旋回内形成向上物性变差的层间非均质格局,而在中长期下降期则形成向上物性变好的非均质性格局。在水下扇前缘区,近湖心剖面砂体中的沟道成份较小,砂体连通性、连续性及物性较差,而向岸方向储层相对较连续,物性较好。基准面低位处的砂体油气储量和储量丰度均较高,而基准面高位处砂体油气储量和丰度较低。基准面低位处砂体物性较好,较易动用,采出油气数量和采出程度较高,但由于其本身的储量较大,剩余油仍占据着主要的地位。基准面高位处砂体物性较差,储量较难动用,采出油量和采出程度均较小,但受其本身储量的限制,剩余油量在剩余可采储量中的比例较小。  相似文献   

中国西部陆内前陆盆地沉积特征与层序格架   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14  

顾家裕  张兴阳 《沉积学报》2005,23(2):187-193

中国西部陆内前陆盆地发育于造山带与克拉通之间,是板块碰撞后陆内远程效应引起冲断作用所形成的一种盆地。它与国外典型前陆盆地有一定的差异,不存在被动陆缘所形成的海相生油岩系及海相磨拉石建造。陆内前陆盆地同样富集油气,近年来广泛地受到石油地质界的关注。文章从多个方面研究分析了陆内前陆盆地与典型前陆盆地的差异性,认为其主要沉积特点是冲断作用期粗粒沉积物的叠加可形成连续的裙边状沉积体;冲断作用松懈期发育的煤系地层及泥质岩可形成良好的烃源岩;沉降中心的不断迁移与沉降中心和沉积中心的偏移现象普遍。根据沉积物叠加样式将陆内前陆盆地分为前展型、上叠型和后退型三类,并建立了相应的沉积层序格架。最后据不同类型的盆地分析了其油气生成、储集和保存条件,这将有利于根据不同的样式针对性地进行油气勘探,从而提高勘探效率。  相似文献   

佛山市税源地图大数据展示系统的设计与实现     

谢辉荣  钱佩  谢刚生 《测绘通报》2017,(10):133-136

在智慧时空大数据与云平台建设工作中,如何进一步挖掘分析海量空间数据是实现高效应用的一项关键任务。针对佛山市税务机关的业务需求,研究了基于Hadoop框架的大数据技术,结合GIS数据,利用互联网云平台对海量税务数据进行存储、计算、分析的佛山市税源地图大数据展示系统的设计与实现。  相似文献   

Annot Sandstone in the Peïra Cava basin: An example of an asymmetric facies distribution in a confined turbidite system (SE France)     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

High-resolution physical stratigraphy and detailed facies analysis have been carried out in the foredeep turbidites of Annot Sandstone in the Peïra Cava basin (French Maritime Alps) in order to characterize the relationship between facies and basin morphology. Detailed correlation patterns are evidence of a distinction between a southern bypass-dominated region, coincident with a channel-lobe transition and a north-eastern depositional zone, represented by sheet-like basin plain. These depositional elements are characterized by three main groups of beds related to the downcurrent evolution of bipartite flows. These facies groups are: 1) pebbly coarse-grained massive sandstones with rip-up mudstone clasts and impact mudstone breccias (Type I and II beds) deposited by basal dense flows, 2) coarse-grained massive sandstone overlain by tractive structures (Type III and IV beds) indicating the bypass of overlying turbulent flows and 3) massive medium-grained and fine-grained laminated sandstones related to the deposition of high and low density turbidity currents (Type V and VI beds). Ponding and reflection processes, affecting the upper turbulent flows, can characterize all type beds, but especially the beds of the third group. As described in other confined basins of the northern Apennines (Italy), the lateral and vertical distribution of these type of beds, together with other important sedimentary characteristics, - such as the sandstone/mudstone ratio, bed thicknesses, amalgamation surfaces and paleocurrents - reveal that the deposition of the Annot Sandstone in the Peïra Cava basin was controlled by an asymmetric basin with a steep western margin. This margin favored, on the one hand, basal dense flow decelerations and impacts, as well as bypass and deflection of the upper turbulent flows towards the north east.  相似文献