三原则整体最小二乘用于平面自由网平差计算     

郭绍禹 《测绘工程》2022,31(1):30-34

文中在平面网平差中应用整体最小二乘理念.在最小二乘模型中,为了消除观测方程系数误差和未知参数系统误差,加入系数改正数和参数改正数,并提出三原则整体最小二乘模型.研究平差两大步骤,用最小二乘多次改用"参考点组"而选出w个稳定点;用最小二乘多次改用"近似坐标"而消除系数误差和参数系统误差.三原则整体最小二乘适用于平面自由网...  相似文献   

推求地面径流单位线的Free Search算法     

王斌  黄金柏  宫兴龙  朱士江  王贵作 《水文》2017,37(1):8-13

地面径流单位线在水文计算和水文预报工作中应用十分普遍,但当净雨时段较多时,传统的单位线推求方法存在工作量大、效率不高、过分依赖专业经验、计算过程复杂、模拟结果可能出现负值等问题。为此,本文引入源于动物群体迁移行为的自由搜索(Free Search,FS)算法,将FS单个动物每步探查行走的位置向量作为一条初始单位线,在FS算法迭代过程中再将所有的初始单位线转化为符合定义的单位线,从而利用动物群体的迁移行为推求出最优单位线。该方法的优点是概念清晰,操作简便,能够直接给出单位线的各时段流量值。三个典型实例模拟结果表明:利用FS推求单位线时,寻优一次即可得到满意结果,所得单位线不需要修正,并且能够有效克服锯齿现象,对地面径流量的模拟精度也较高。  相似文献   

模拟电厂温排水温升和游离余氯对亚心形扁藻生长影响的研究     

戴雅奇  仇建标  潘利平  彭欣  李彬彬  黄莹莹  陈雪初 《海洋科学》2018,42(2):134-140

以亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)为受试藻种,模拟温升和游离余氯条件,研究浮游植物对核电厂温排水的生态响应。结果表明,春秋季温升对其生长影响较小,而在夏季,其生长受到显著抑制。亚心形扁藻对游离余氯非常敏感,0.1 mg/L游离余氯既能抑制其生长,抑制作用随着游离余氯浓度的升高而增强。温升会加剧游离余氯的抑制作用,4℃温升和0.1 mg/L游离余氯联合作用对亚心形扁藻的抑制效果明显增加。由于温升和游离余氯的联合作用,即使在离排口较远的水域,仍然会导致亚心形扁藻数量减少。  相似文献   

基于秩亏自由网平差的变形分析与C#程序设计     

吕栋 《测绘与空间地理信息》2019,42(5):208-210,214

针对大型和高层建筑物、构筑物在经历工程变形和地壳运动时,存在位移变形等一系列问题,本文讨论了布设变形监测网进行变形分析的方法。文中采用C#编程语言,根据秩亏自由网平差、平均间隙法与单点检验原理,设计实现了变形分析程序,并根据实际水准网基准点的两期观测数据,对布设监测网的基准网稳定性进行了变形分析,对程序进行了测试,取得了良好的效果。  相似文献   

高速公路高墩桥梁垂直度无接触快速检测方法与精度分析     

丁克良  刘明亮  刘亚杰  鲍东东  董军 《测绘通报》2019,(6):121-125

针对公路高墩桥梁立柱垂直度检测问题,提出了釆用全站仪自由设站无接触测量方法,该方法能够快速采集桥梁垂直度观测数据,并采用稳健最小二乘法计算桥梁垂直度参数,提高了计算结果的精度和可靠性。工程实际应用案例表明,与传统方法相比,本文方法速度快,检测精度高.可靠性好,为快速解决高墩桥梁垂直度检测提供了新的思路和方法。  相似文献   

Daily and inter-tidal variations of Fe,Mn and Hg in the water column of a contaminated salt marsh: Halophytes effect     

A.I. Lillebø  M. Válega  M. Otero  M.A. Pardal  E. Pereira  A.C. Duarte 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

It has been shown that salt marshes may function as efficient sinks for contaminants, namely for mercury. At the rhizo-sediment Hg may be associated with Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides, precipitated as sulphides or incorporated into organic matter. However, to our knowledge, in situ studies have not focused on the related processes at a daily or tidal cycle scales. Thus, the present work aims to study the effect of a common salt marsh halophyte in temperate latitudes (Sarcocornia perennis) on dissolved Fe, Mn and Hg concentrations in the water column. The in situ approach was carried out at a mercury-contaminated salt marsh and at the adjacent non-vegetated area (distance ≤ 4 m), covering two consecutive tidal cycles in order to include the photosynthetic active period and the night processes. During high tide no daily or spatial effects were observed on the concentrations of Mn, Fe and Hg in the water column, due to the dilution effect of the incoming seawater. During low tide the concentrations of Mn, Fe and Hg were significantly higher in the overlaying water column of the salt marsh. At S. perennis mats the concentration of dissolved total Hg was significantly related with the concentration of Mn (r = 0.459, p = 0.028, n = 23), but not with that of Fe (r = 0.367, p = 0.085, n = 23) while no significant relations were found at the adjacent non-vegetated sediments.  相似文献   

台风移行速度与登陆角度对风暴潮的影响:一个理想模型数值实验     

张晨光  李春雁 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(7):48-56

The effects of hurricane forward speed(V) and approach angle(θ) on storm surge are important and a systematic investigation covering possible and continuous ranges of these parameters has not been done before. Here we present such a study with a numerical experiment using the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model(FVCOM).The hurricane track is simplified as a straight line, such that V and θ fully define the motion of the hurricane. The maximum surge is contributed by both free waves and a forced storm surge wave moving with the hurricane.Among the free waves, Kelvin-type waves can only propagate in the down-coast direction. Simulations show that those waves can only have a significant positive storm surge when the hurricane velocity has a down-coast component. The optimal values of V and θ that maximize the storm surge in an idealized semi-circular ocean basin are functions of the bathymetry. For a constant bathymetry, the maximum surge occurs when the hurricane approaches the coast from the normal direction when the free wave generation is minimal; for a stepped bathymetry, the maximum surge occurs at a certain acute approach angle which maximizes the duration of persistent wind forcing; a step-like bathymetry with a sloped shelf is similar to the stepped bathymetry, with the added possibility of landfall resonance when the free and forced waves are moving at about the same velocity. For other cases, the storm surge is smaller, given other parameters(hurricane size, maximum wind speed, etc.)unchanged.  相似文献   

浅浸没水平圆柱浮子波浪力计算研究     

刘必劲  傅丹娟  张友权  陈小云 《海洋工程》2019,37(4):54-62

以海漂垃圾收集装置浮式围栏的圆柱浮子为研究对象,基于圆柱浮子的浅浸没特性,改进了Morison方程,并结合物理模型试验,对波浪与浅浸没水平圆柱浮子作用问题进行探讨。结果表明,改进的Morison方程可对水平圆柱浮子的波浪力做精确预测,并揭示了波幅、浸没深度以及周期对圆柱浮子波浪力的影响规律。对于浅浸没的圆柱浮子,所受水平波浪力随波高的增大而增大,随周期的增大而衰减到某一特定值。波浪力的正向大小分布要大于负向,而正负向大小的差异主要受浸没深度的影响。  相似文献   

利用地球自由振荡信号分析湖北地震台网地震仪低频特性     

孟方杰  张燕 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(2):195-198

2011年日本东北部太平洋海域发生MW9.0特大地震,国际上很多著名地震科研机构和学者发布了不同的震源机制解,很多学者也对这些震源机制解进行了评价。选取其中较优的GCMT震源机制解计算模拟日本大地震激发的自由振荡信号,并与湖北地震台网的15个地震仪观测结果进行对比,进而评价各个地震仪在低频段的观测情况以及分析地震仪在不同频段的观测能力。结果表明,总体来说,在1.5~4.5 mHz频段,地震仪观测到的自由振荡信号与理论模拟值符合度较高;在小于1.5 mHz频段,地震仪整体的观测能力不佳;而在大于4.5 mHz频段,观测值振幅明显要低于模拟信号的振幅,表明在该频段信号的实际衰减要比PREM地球模型中衰减快。另外,基于1.5~4.5 mHz频段的球型简正模评估15个地震仪的观测状况,结果表明,大部分的地震仪观测情况较好,有10个台站的观测值与模拟值的符合度在90%以上;而YC、NZH、DJI等台站的符合度较差,其中DJI符合度最差,为0.358。  相似文献   

约束秩亏自由网平差的一种新算法     

谢建  朱建军 《测绘工程》2009,18(2):9-11

秩亏自由网平差能够处理控制网中没有足够起始数据的问题,在测量数据处理中得到广泛的应用。平差参数间存在等式约束的情形下,一般采用广义逆法。它需要计算法方程系数的M—P逆,计算比较烦琐。针对这一问题,提出附加等式约束秩亏自由网平差的虚拟观测值法,给出解向量及其统计性质。  相似文献