直接基于位移的结构抗震设计理论研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭磊  李建中  范立础 《世界地震工程》2005,21(4):157-164

直接基于位移的抗震设计是实现基于性能抗震设计思想的一条有效途径,其理论主要包括三方面的内容,即直接基于位移的抗震设计方法、位移需求估计方法和目标位移的确定。本文在阅读了大量文献的基础上,对国内外在这三方面的研究进行了介绍,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络的玉米遥感估产方法     

于海洋  陈圣波  杨北萍  安秦 《世界地质》2020,39(1):208-214

以内蒙古自治区开鲁县玉米作物为研究对象,将生育期内玉米遥感影像所提取的多种植被指数和实地采样点的测产数据作为训练值,利用BP(back propagation)神经网络和遗传算法优化BP(GA-BP)神经网络估产模型,得出网络预测的玉米产量数值。通过决定系数R 2和均方根误差RMSE,比较实测产量与预测产量之间的精度,BP神经网络模型R^2为0.8452,RMSE(%)为28.37;遗传算法优化BP神经网络模型R^2为0.9850,RMSE(%)为6.70,表明遗传算法优化BP神经网络估产模型具有一定可行性和可信度。  相似文献   

基于分形理论的板块形态重建     

朱平平  成秋明  周远志  张雨维  孙家振 《地学前缘》2020,27(4):150-157

全球板块重建的精细化和区域化是当前研究的热点领域之一。值得注意的是,针对重建板块形态分布规律的研究,尚未充分展开。在大数据背景下,本文根据已有板块重建模型,对中生代以来的重建板块的形态,进行了分形维数分析,并结合斑岩型铜矿床的频数分布规律,讨论了分形维数和斑岩型矿床频数对板块重建整体性评估的意义。研究结果表明,自250 Ma以来的地质历史时期,全球重建板块形态的分形维数具有先下降后上升的特点,在65 Ma达到最小,可能代表了由Pangea超大陆向未来超大陆Amasia的转换。此外,全球斑岩型铜矿床的频数异常与板块重建形态的分形维数异常具有良好的对应关系,表明板块运动过程中产生的快速形变与斑岩型铜矿床形成之间具有密切的联系。该结果可能将为整体性评估重建板块形态的真实性提供一个全新的方法,特别是对约束古老板块的形态方面,具有一定的科学价值;同时,也能为斑岩型铜矿床的成因,提供对照参考的数据基础。  相似文献   

压裂微震数据初至拾取的时频谱熵法     

田雅男  王环宇  王鑫  黄佳俊  章强 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(4):1219-1227

在油气田开发过程中,微震监测是获得水力压裂引起裂缝分布的一种较为有效的方法。微震的定位成像与裂缝解释需要利用有效微震信号位置,而微震信号具有低信噪比的特点,传统信号拾取方法无法有效实现较低信噪比条件下初至时刻的准确拾取。本文提出一种基于时频谱熵的初至拾取新方法,该方法首先通过S变换获取含噪信号的时频谱;然后对谱内各个采样点沿频率方向进行分帧操作,并计算每帧频段内的近似负熵值,以最小近似负熵值作为该谱点的负熵值;最后沿时间方向比较各谱点的负熵值,最小值对应的时刻即为初至时刻。本文利用不同信噪比的合成地震数据对该方法进行效果验证,并与长短时窗能量比（STA/LTA）法进行拾取结果对比,结果表明：信噪比在-5 dB时,两种方法拾取效果都很好;信噪比在-10 dB时,时频谱熵法拾取效果更好。时频谱熵法更适合低信噪比情况下的信号初至拾取。  相似文献   

Forests and floods: Using field evidence to reconcile analysis methods     

James C. Bathurst  Barry Fahey  Andrés Iroumé  Julia Jones 《水文研究》2020,34(15):3295-3310

The extent to which forests, relative to shorter vegetation, mitigate flood peak discharges remains controversial and relatively poorly researched, with only a few significant field studies. Considering the effect purely of change of vegetation cover, peak flow magnitude comparisons for paired catchments have suggested that forests do not mitigate large floods, whereas flood frequency comparisons have shown that forests mitigate frequencies over all magnitudes of flood. This study investigates the apparent inconsistency using field-based evidence from four contrasting field programmes at scales of 0.34–3.1 km². Repeated patterns are identified that provide strong evidence of real effects with physical explanations. Magnitude and frequency comparisons are both relevant to the impact of forests on peak discharges but address different questions. Both can show a convergence of response between forested and grassland/logged states at the highest recorded flows but the associated return periods may be quite variable and are subject to estimation uncertainty. For low to moderate events, the forested catchments have a lower peak magnitude for a given frequency than the grassland/logged catchments. Depending on antecedent soil saturation, a given storm may nevertheless generate peak discharges of the same magnitude for both catchment states but these peaks will have different return periods. The effect purely of change in vegetation cover may be modified by additional forestry interventions, such as road networks and drainage ditches which, by effectively increasing the drainage density, may increase peak flows for all event magnitudes. For all the sites, forest cover substantially reduces annual runoff.  相似文献   

Event-based classification for global study of river flood generating processes     

Lina Stein  Francesca Pianosi  Ross Woods 《水文研究》2020,34(7):1514-1529

Better understanding of which processes generate floods in a catchment can improve flood frequency analysis and potentially climate change impacts assessment. However, current flood classification methods are either not transferable across locations or do not provide event-based information. We therefore developed a location-independent, event-based flood classification methodology that is applicable in different climates and returns a classification of all flood events, including extreme ones. We use precipitation time series and very simply modelled soil moisture and snowmelt as inputs for a decision tree. A total of 113,635 events in 4155 catchments worldwide were classified into one of five hydro-climatological flood generating processes: short rain, long rain, excess rainfall, snowmelt and a combination of rain and snow. The new classification was tested for its robustness and evaluated with available information; these two tests are often lacking in current flood classification approaches. According to the evaluation, the classification is mostly successful and indicates excess rainfall as the most common dominant process. However, the dominant process is not very informative in most catchments, as there is a high at-site variability in flood generating processes. This is particularly relevant for the estimation of extreme floods which diverge from their usual flood generation pattern, especially in the United Kingdom, Northern France, Southeastern United States, and India.  相似文献   

Application of a cascading filter implemented using morphological filtering and time–frequency peak filtering for seismic signal enhancement     

Yanping Liu  Zhengguo Yan 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(6):1727-1741

Inspired by the idea of the iterative time–frequency peak filtering, which applies time–frequency peak filtering several times to improve the ability of random noise reduction, this article proposes a new cascading filter implemented using mathematic morphological filtering and the time–frequency peak filtering, which we call here morphological time–frequency peak filtering for convenience. This new method will be used mainly for seismic signal enhancement and random noise reduction in which the advantages of the morphological algorithm in processing nonlinear signals and the time–frequency peak filtering in processing nonstationary signals are utilized. Structurally, the scheme of the proposed method adopts mathematic morphological operation to first preprocess the signal and then applies the time–frequency peak filtering method to ultimately extract the valid signal. Through experiments on synthetic seismic signals and field seismic data, this paper demonstrates that the morphological time–frequency peak filtering method is superior to the time–frequency peak filtering method and its iterative form in terms of valid signal enhancement and random noise reduction.  相似文献   

基于小波变换的地震动时-频特性研究          下载免费PDF全文

董娣  袁美巧  王赞军 《地震工程学报》2020,42(3):653-664

对美国NGA,采用一维连续小波变换得到每条记录的小波功率谱。研究了任意时间处小波功率谱最大值所对应的主频率。结果表明:地震动主频率随时间的增大逐渐减小;竖向地震动分量的主频比水平向分量随时间减小更快。分别采用线性函数模型、指数函数模型和指数三角函数模型,分析了场地、震级和震中距对主频变化曲线的影响,拟合了主频率在不同场地条件、震级、震中距等情况下随时间的变化曲线,水平向和竖向的频率时变曲线整体上都是随时间递减的,且竖向衰减得更快些,大多数情况下竖向记录的高频成分比水平向记录的相应成分要多。  相似文献   

基于类柔度差曲率和频率摄动的结构损伤识别          下载免费PDF全文

何容  谭亚可  郭琪璇  何伟 《地震工程学报》2020,42(4):825-832

为提高梁式结构损伤诊断的效率,提出一种基于类柔度差曲率和频率摄动的结构损伤识别方法。首先根据结构振动理论,研究广义柔度矩阵计算公式;再利用模态柔度对结构损伤灵敏性高的优点,改进基于柔度差曲率的损伤定位指标,定义类柔度差曲率LCFC损伤指标,并初步识别损伤;最后基于矩阵摄动进行结构损伤识别结果确认。考虑多种损伤工况,对一简支梁结构进行损伤识别数值模拟验证。结果表明:仅使用一阶模态,建立的类柔度差曲率LCFC指标对梁式结构损伤定位具有良好的诊断效果,且计算工作量小;对于含边界损伤单元的多损伤工况,当损伤程度大于10%时,LCFC指标识别有效;当损伤程度不大于25%时,各工况二阶摄动识别结果精度较高,相对误差较一阶摄动结果明显降低,证明了该方法的实用性、有效性和精确性。  相似文献   

Pushover-based seismic risk assessment and loss estimation of masonry buildings     

Jure Snoj  Matjaž Dolšek 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(6):567-588

A pushover-based seismic risk assessment and loss estimation methodology for masonry buildings is introduced. It enables estimation of loss by various performance measures such as the probability of exceeding a designated economic loss, the expected annual loss, and the expected loss given a seismic intensity. The methodology enables the estimation of the economic loss directly from the results of structural analysis, which combines pushover analysis and incremental dynamic analysis of an equivalent SDOF model. The use of the methodology is demonstrated by means of two variants of a three-storey masonry building both of which have the same geometry, but they are built, respectively, from hollow clay masonry (model H) and solid brick masonry (model S). The probability of collapse given the selected design earthquake corresponding to a return period of 475 years was found to be negligible for model H, which indicates the proper behaviour of such a structure when designed according to the current building codes. However, the corresponding probability of collapse of model S was very high (46%). The expected total loss given the design earthquake was estimated to amount to 28 000 € and 290 000 €, respectively, for models H and S. The expected annual loss per 100 m² of gross floor area was estimated to amount to 75 € and 191 €, respectively, for models H and S. For the presented examples, it was also observed that nonstructural elements contributed more than 50% of the total loss.  相似文献