低径流量条件下海平面上升对长江口淡水资源的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

裘诚  朱建荣 《气候变化研究进展》2015,11(4):245-255

基于长江口水动力及盐水入侵三维数值模式ECOM-si,统筹考虑气候变化导致流域极端低径流量的前提下,研究在未来（2030、2050和2100年）海平面上升过程中,长江口淡水资源分布及总量变化过程,探讨河口三大重要水库取水活动对海平面上升的响应,对防范未来可能出现的盐水入侵危害具有重要作用,也为长江口水源地建设与水库取水调度提供理论依据和技术支持。1999年冬季、2006年秋季和2011年春季期间长江径流量均为自1980年以来的同期最低,且长江口均发生了极为严重、影响巨大的盐水入侵,考虑到径流量的季节变化特点,选取上述3个时期的径流量作为上游边界条件。结果表明,长江口淡水资源在1999年冬季径流量条件下随海平面上升而减少,至2100年大、小潮期间淡水总量相比于2012年分别减少42%和41%,水库最长不宜取水天数增加70%以上;在2006年秋季径流量条件下,淡水资源随海平面上升而减少,但在海平面上升至2050年情况下,河道水位抬升使进入北支的径流量增加,削弱盐水倒灌,水库最长不宜取水天数减少40%~50%;在2011年春季径流量条件下,淡水资源在海平面上升至2100年后大、小潮期间分别减少43%和20%,水库最长不宜取水天数增加1~3 d。  相似文献   

缅甸果敢难民涌入对中国边境地区的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于海利  刘静  胡志丁  熊理然  李灿松  付磊 《热带地理》2015,35(4):585-591

缅甸果敢冲突爆发,大量难民为躲避战争纷纷涌入中国云南省的边境地区。进入中国的果敢难民生活拮据,但在中国政府及民众的帮助下,基本生活得到保障。虽然果敢人民与中国边境地区的人民语言相通,生活方式相似,双方人民间隔阂较小,但大量涌入的果敢难民对边境地区造成的影响依然不可忽视,以免因难民问题酿成祸患。研究通过实地考察、问卷调查、深度访谈等方法分析此次冲突对中国边境地区造成的影响。结果表明,难民的涌入使得边境地区的双方贸易往来受损,治安压力增大,生态环境受到威胁,但也为边境地区带来了新的劳动力和经济收入来源。同时,政府针对难民问题也出台了一系列切实有效的措施。总体来说,果敢难民的涌入对中国边境地区的影响在可控范围内,并没有引起边境地区的社会失调。  相似文献   

滨海盐碱地区包气带中淡水透镜体维持机理     

赵林  莫惠婷  郑义 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(1):195-201

大气降水是滨海盐碱地区浅层地下水的重要补给来源。滨海地区浅层地下水多为咸水且埋藏较浅,在不同包气带岩性渗透性差异下,在大气降水入渗补给过程中,一定时间内潜水面以上一定范围内存在淡水分布,即淡水透镜体,它能局部隔离地下咸水对上层土壤和植物的危害,并在一定程度上供给植物吸收利用。采用自制的室内物理模拟装置,通过控制土层结构,模拟了大气降水入渗补给条件下包气带中淡水透镜体的形成与消退过程,探讨了不同土壤类型中淡水透镜体的维持情况;并利用吸水管模拟客土上所种植物根系吸水,研究了不同吸水量条件下土壤中淡水透镜体的变化规律。结果表明:上层中砂、底层粉砂质黏土的双层土体结构中,淡水透镜体的维持性最好,在降水入渗补给条件下,透镜体形成时间在1500 min左右可达最大厚度(约15 cm),若补给源消失,透镜体完全消退需7500 min,能较长时间地阻隔地下咸水;双层土中模拟形成的稳定淡水透镜体在无补给条件下,能够隔离地下咸水的同时亦能为上层植物提供243.5 mL淡水资源。  相似文献   

水底隧道涌水量预测方法的应用分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

姬永红  项彦勇 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(4):84-87

讨论了水底隧道涌水的预测计算问题,利用经验法和有限元法对某拟建海底隧道工程方案的涌水量进行了预测计算和对比分析,探讨了竖向和水平走向裂隙发育情况对隧道涌水的影响。结果表明:①与有限元相比,用经验公式计算得到的水底隧道涌水量偏小;②当水底岩层张性裂隙(尤其是竖向裂隙)较发育时,隧道涌水量增长较大;③当隧道临近或穿越断层破碎带时,隧道周边的渗流场具有显著的三维特征;④如果水底隧道上覆地层中没有显著的隔水层,则由于水源无限充足,隧道的涌水量将主要受到水位相对高度和隧道围岩渗透系数的影响,与隧道上覆地层的厚度关系不大。  相似文献   

Characterisation of sea-water intrusion in the Pioneer Valley, Australia using hydrochemistry and three-dimensional numerical modelling     

A. D. Werner  M. R. Gallagher 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(8):1452-1469

Sea-water intrusion is actively contaminating fresh groundwater reserves in the coastal aquifers of the Pioneer Valley, north-eastern Australia. A three-dimensional sea-water intrusion model has been developed using the MODHMS code to explore regional-scale processes and to aid assessment of management strategies for the system. A sea-water intrusion potential map, produced through analyses of the hydrochemistry, hydrology and hydrogeology, offsets model limitations by providing an alternative appraisal of susceptibility. Sea-water intrusion in the Pioneer Valley is not in equilibrium, and a potential exists for further landward shifts in the extent of saline groundwater. The model required consideration of tidal over-height (the additional hydraulic head at the coast produced by the action of tides), with over-height values in the range 0.5–0.9 m giving improved water-table predictions. The effect of the initial water-table condition dominated the sensitivity of the model to changes in the coastal hydraulic boundary condition. Several salination processes are probably occurring in the Pioneer Valley, rather than just simple landward sea-water advancement from “modern” sources of marine salts. The method of vertical discretisation (i.e. model-layer subdivision) was shown to introduce some errors in the prediction of water-table behaviour.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic convergence of hydropressured and geopressured zones, Central Texas, Gulf of Mexico Basin, USA     

Alan R. Dutton  Jean-Philippe Nicot  Katherine S. Kier 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(6):859-867

Freshwater moving downdip in the Carrizo–Wilcox aquifer, Central Texas, USA, and saltwater and hydrocarbons moving updip from a geopressured zone come together in a groundwater convergence zone, marked by (1) a hydraulic-gradient reversal, (2) “updip” oil fields, and (3) the downdip limit of potable water beyond which there is a marked increase in salinity. Data combined from groundwater-supply and petroleum-extraction industries document the interface between the hydropressured and geopressured zones. The hydraulic-head gradient updip of the convergence zone is 0.001 to 0.002, directed toward the coast; farther downdip it is ?0.02 to ?0.04, directed inland. Salinity increases from <400 mg/L near the outcrop, to ～3,000 mg/L at the downdip limit of potable water, to >100,000 mg/L in the geopressured zone. Upward-directed flow paths probably predominate in the convergence zone. The convergence zone in the study area lies within only 30–50 km of the outcrop because updip extensional faulting offsets permeable aquifer units against low-permeability strata and restricts the downdip flux of recharged water. The major elements of the convergence zone may have been in place since the Miocene development of circulation in the updip coastal aquifer following incision of river valleys and lowering of base level.  相似文献   

The sedimentary coastal basin of Togo: example of a multilayered aquifer still influenced by a palaeo-seawater intrusion   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ari Akouvi  Martial Dray  Sophie Violette  Ghislain de Marsily  Gian Maria Zuppi 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(3):419-436

In Togo, the hydrogeology of the sedimentary coastal aquifers along the Gulf of Guinea has been studied for the last three decades to define the recharge processes and the origin and evolution of the salinity. Isotope hydrology and fluid geochemistry suggest that the current recharge of all aquifers, both confined and unconfined, occurs through the crystalline basement and the Plio-Quaternary deposits. Two main groundwater mineralization processes are observed: the first one, in recharge areas, is due to farming, village and city life and concerns unconfined aquifers (crystalline basement, Continental Terminal and Quaternary sediments); the second one is a mixing process between recent freshwater and fossil saline water still present in the deep confined aquifers inland, several kilometers away from the coast. Brackish water was trapped in low-permeability lenses of confined aquifers (Eo-Palaeocene and Maastrichtian) during the Quaternary, in periods of low recharge, notably during the last glacial maximum (LGM), and has not yet been flushed out. Hydrodynamic simulations indicate that, at that time, the aquifers experienced a maximum seawater intrusion as far as 20–22 km inland, depending on the palaeo-recharge value at the outcrops.  相似文献   

The Beaufort Gyre variation and its impacts on the Canada Basin in 2003–2012   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

钟文理  赵进平  史久新  曹勇 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(7):19-31

The Beaufort Gyre (BG) was spun up in the last decade which is an important factor in regulating the variation of the upper ocean. The heat content and freshwater content of the upper ocean increased g...  相似文献   

Structure and dynamics of fisheries in Nigeria     

Nwafili Sylvanus A. GAO TianXiang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(3):281-291

The changes that have taken place in Nigerian fisheries are reviewed. Artisanal fishery has continued to dominate the fisheries,contributing over 85% of total fish production. The inland water and coastal seas are fully exploited and the increase in fishery production is not likely. Aquaculture potentials remain untapped as much as deep-sea fisheries. The combined potential of the fisheries resources-freshwater,marine and aquaculture can meet over 90% of the nation's demand for fish. Opportunities for invest-ments,therefore,exist in the various subsectors,especially in the areas of storage,processing and preservation for the capture fishery and fish seed multiplication for aquaculture.  相似文献   

Two Early Cretaceous fishes discovered from the most northern area of China: implications for the palaeobiogeography of the Jehol Biota     

Li Xiao‐Bo  Zhang Mei‐Sheng  Wang Yi‐Ni 《Geological Journal》2011,46(4):323-332

From a newly discovered Early Cretaceous fossil site at the Sanlianhe Coal Mine in Tahe County, Heilongjiang Province, the most northern area in China, two freshwater fossil fish had been recovered. This paper reports their classifications and implications regarding the palaeobiogeography of the Jehol Biota. The fish assemblage consists of Yanosteus sp. (Acipenseriforms) and Sinamia sp. (Amiiformes). Both are important members of the well known Jehol Biota, and their occurrence supports the correlation of the Yiliekede Formation at Sanlianhe Coal Mine site with the Jiufotang Formation of West Liaoning. The remains of the Yanosteus sp. from this locality is the first known record of the genus other than in the Yan‐Liao area of China, and the specimens of Sinamia sp. is quite similar to what may be a new species of Sinamia from West Liaoning. The new fossil site represents the most northern site that is undoubtedly part of the extent of the Jehol Biota as currently understood. The northern Great Xing'an Range area is an important region that may link correlations between the Early Cretaceous continental biotas of China, Mongolia and Russia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献