浅议地球系统的复杂性及非线性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王瑞廷 《世界地质》2001,20(4):313-320

结合复杂性科学的产生及发展历程，认为复杂性科学对研究地球系统复杂性及非线性具有重要的理论指导和方法论意义。同时，在论述地球系统基本属性的基础上总结了地球系统复杂性及非线性的具体表现，即地球系统的层次性，无特征尺度性，开放性，相干性，临界性，自组织性和其动力学行为的自相似性及分形性。认为地球系统是总体上远离平衡，时空延展的多层圈综合集成，连续开放的复杂耗散动力巨系统。随着复杂性科学和地球系统的复杂性及非线性研究的不断深入，在21世纪，地球科学研究将会取得理论上的重大突破和飞跃。  相似文献   

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床矿物流体包裹体研究   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

阳正熙  蒲广平 《矿物岩石》2001,21(2):26-33

对矿物流体包裹体进行分析的结果表明，牦牛坪稀土矿床的矿物中存在4种类型包裹体：（1）液-所耵；（2）液-气-固相；（3）纯气相；（4）固相，矿物包裹体显微测温结果显示牦牛坪矿床成矿温度从423℃至122℃；成矿流体的盐度ω（NaCl)为11.46%-14.36%质量分数，包裹体的成分分析结果显示流体中富含CO2和其他挥发性组分，并富含大量的不同成分的矿物雏晶，根据矿床地质特征和矿物包裹体的研究结果，作者认为本矿床的成矿作用是由碳酸岩岩浆气液流体的沸腾、充填和交代过程而实现的。  相似文献   

Trace Elements Analysis of Geological Samples by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry     

Luo Yan Liu Yongsheng Hu Shenghong Gao Shan Open Laboratory of Constitution  Interaction  Dynamics of the Crust Mantle System  Ministry of National Lands  Resources  China University of Geosciences  Wuhan Lin Shoulin Faculty of Material Sc 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(3)

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＬａｓｅｒａｂｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｌｙｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｐｌａｓｍａｍａｓｓｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｍｅ ｔｒｙｉｓａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄａｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｆｏｒｓｏｌｉｄｓａｍｐｌｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ.ＬＡ ＩＣＰ ＭＳｏｆｆｅｒｓａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｖｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｈｉｇｈｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ ,ｌｏｗｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｌｉｍｉｔｓ,ｍｉｎｉｍａｌｓａｍｐｌｅｐｒｅｐａｒａ ｔｉｏｎ ,ｌｅｓｓｏｘｉｄｅｓｉｎｔｅｒｆｅ…  相似文献   

金刚石碎岩工具胎体材料添加稀土元素的试验研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

汤凤林杨凯华  邹庆化段隆臣　胡国荣 《探矿工程》2001,(1):45-48

对胎体材料中添加稀土元素问题进行了试验研究。对添加稀土和未加稀土的胎体性能进行测试，结果表明，添加稀土比未加稀土的胎体材料的抗弯强度、硬度和冲击韧性均有所提高，其中抗弯强度提高了10％－62％，冲击韧性提高了5％。胎体中添加稀土对提高胎体和金刚石碎岩工具的技术经济指标具有重要作用,并且为在胎体材料中实现以Fe代Co创造了有利条件。  相似文献   

福州市温泉区地面沉降监测与沉降规律分析     

黄国烟 《测绘工程》1996,5(3):59-63

应用精密水准测量方法，于１９９３年在温泉区取得三个周期的观测成果，结合以往资料进行综合分析，得出初步结论。并为福州市地下热水开采的控制、预防及减轻因沉降产生的地灾害方面提出有益的建议。  相似文献   

SNREI地球模型负荷勒夫数数值计算的新进展   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

汪汉胜  许厚泽  李国营 《地球物理学报》1996,39(Z1):182-189

基于Ｌｏｎｇｍａｎ和Ｆａｒｒｅｌｌ的表面负荷形变理论，深入研究计算ＳＮＲＥＩ弹性地球模型表面负荷勒夫数的数值计算方法，取得新的进展：采用了一种新的代换方法─ｒ￣ｎ因子法，比传统的无量纲化法简单易行，且能达到很高的计算精度；确立了检验表面边界条件、微分方程积分线性性和计算结果的收敛性，用于评价数值计算结果精度的有效准则；给出了ＰＲＥＭ地球模型的一组高精度计算结果．  相似文献   

Deterministic sliding block methods for estimating seismic displacements of earth structures   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Z. Cai  R.J. Bathurst 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1996,15(4):255-268

A review and quantitative comparison of existing deterministic sliding block methods for predicting permanent displacements of earth structures subjected to seismic loading is presented. The reviewed sliding block methods are divided into two main groups based on the characteristic earthquake parameters referenced in each method. One group uses the maximum horizontal ground acceleration and velocity, and the other uses the maximum horizontal ground acceleration and the predominant period of the acceleration spectrum. Displacement functions published by previous authors are reformulated to give common non-dimensionalized displacement functions of the critical acceleration ratio which are then used to compare the different methods for the estimate of permanent seismic displacement of soil structures. The results show that despite the fact that the different methods were formulated using a wide range of earthquake records and different characteristic seismic parameters, permanent displacement values predicted using these methods fall within a reasonably narrow band. Selected acceleration data from three recent earthquakes that occurred in California are used to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the reviewed displacement methods for practical applications.  相似文献   

Modelling of ground motion in the vicinity of massive structures     

Claudio Chiaruttini  Stefano Grimaz  Enrico Priolo 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1996,15(2):75

A two-dimensional elastic Chebyshev spectral element method (SPEM) is used to model the seismic wavefield within a massive structure and in its vicinity. We consider 2-D models where a linear elastic structure, with quadrangular cross-section, resting on an elastic homogeneous half-space, is impinged upon by the waves generated by a surface impulse at some distance. The scattering of Rayleigh waves and the response of the structure are extensively analysed in a parametric way, varying size, mechanical parameters and shape of the load. Some of the models considered are representative of embankments and earth dams. The simulation shows that some models resonate, storing part of the incoming energy. With realistic parameters, the lowest resonance frequency is due to pure shear deformation and is controlled by the shear velocity and height of the load. Flexural modes are excited only at higher frequencies. The acceleration at the top of the structure may be five/seven times higher than at the base, depending on the mass of the structure. The gradual release of trapped energy produces a ground roll lasting several seconds after the wave front has passed. The ground-roll amplitude depends on the sturcture's mass and can be as large as 30% of the peak acceleration. Outside resonance conditions, the ground motion is almost unaffected by the presence of the artefact; the horizontal motion on top of it is nearly twice the motion at ground level. Similar results should be expected when the incident field is an upcoming shear wave. A qualitative discussion shows that the presence of anelastic attenuation in the embankment does not significantly alter the preceding conclusions, unless it is of very low values (e.g. Q < 15).The modelling results that we discuss indicate that the soil-structure interaction may substantially alter the ‘free-field’ ground motion. From a practical point of view, the main conclusions are: (1) careful analysis is necessary when interpreting seismic records collected in the vicinity of large artefacts; (2) seismic hazard at a site may depend on the presence of man-made structures such as embankments, dams, tall and massive buildings.  相似文献   

三元体系RECl_3（RE＝Dy，Yb）－HOAc－H_2O（30℃）的研究     

李亚红  王惠  王林溪 《盐湖研究》1996,(Z1)

测定了三元体系ＲＥＣｌ３（ＲＥ＝Ｄｙ，Ｙｂ）－ＨＯＡｃ－Ｈ２Ｏ（３０℃）的平衡态的溶度数据并绘制了相应的溶度图。在两个体系中分别得到了ＤｙＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ和ＹｂＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ两种固相。依据ＨＯＡｃ对ＤｙＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ和ＹｂＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ有盐抗作用这一结论得到了一种制备ＤｙＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ和ＹｂＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ的ＨＣｌ—ＨＯＡｃ法。同时，在分析测定酸的重量百分浓度时，利用“差减法”得到了Ｈ＋的准确含量。  相似文献   

论地球系统科学与可持续发展战略科学基础（Ⅰ）   总被引：47，自引：4，他引：47  

黄秉维 《地理学报》1996,51(4):350-354

地球系统科学是可持续发展战略的科学。它脱胎于气候系统研究，跨越一系一自然与社会科学，将全球变化与区域变化冶为一炉，所涵差的时间数十年至一二百年，在此时间尺度内，所涵盖的对象基本上是大气、海洋与陆地以及介于其间的物质能量交换过程。陆地最重要、最复杂、受人类活动的影响亦最大，目前未知数亦最多。宜先在跨学科的综合工作上多下功夫，积极推动地系统研究。  相似文献