江西武山铜矿床海底喷流与岩浆热液叠加成矿作用: 控矿地质条件、矿石结构构造与矿床地球化学制约   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

孔凡斌  蒋少涌  徐耀明  朱志勇  钱汉东  边立曾 《岩石学报》2012,28(12):3929-3937

长江中下游成矿带存在一套产于泥盆系五通组砂岩和石炭系黄龙组白云质灰岩层间的层状含铜硫化物矿体,对其成因存在很大争议。本文以产出典型层状矿体的武山铜矿为解剖重点,结合区域控矿地质要素、矿石结构构造特征及矿石中黄铁矿的稀土元素地球化学,提出层状矿体是海底喷流同生沉积与岩浆热液叠加成矿作用的产物。对武山铜矿层状矿体中的胶黄铁矿和黄铁矿、矽卡岩矿体中黄铁矿和脉状矿体中黄铁矿进行的稀土元素含量分析发现,从层状矿体胶黄铁矿、层状矿体黄铁矿、到矽卡岩和脉状矿体黄铁矿,稀土总量和稀土配分曲线显示递变规律,即层状矿体胶黄铁矿具有较低的稀土总量和轻重稀土分异不明显的较平坦型配分曲线;而矽卡岩和脉状矿体黄铁矿具有较高的稀土总量和轻重稀土分异较明显的右倾型配分曲线。层状矿体黄铁矿的稀土特征则介于两者之间,反映了岩浆热液的叠加作用。根据矿物组合共生关系及矿石结构构造的研究,可将武山铜矿黄铁矿分为3个期次:I期为微球粒、草莓状、条带状、纹层状沉积型黄铁矿; II期为半自形、自形粒状和港湾状黄铁矿,可见与长英质斑晶、岩屑或晶屑凝灰岩伴生或共生, 说明黄铁矿形成与同沉积期火山凝灰岩的密切关系。III期为块状、粗晶状、碎裂状黄铁矿。黄铜矿的形成晚于I、II期黄铁矿,成微粒状、脉状交错穿插或包裹早期球粒状、粒状黄铁矿及长英质矿物。对新发现的灰泥丘构造的详细研究表明,武山铜矿中含矿的灰泥丘与武山外围乌石街出露的不含矿的灰泥丘具有不同的特征,其中前者具有封闭的孔洞系统,而后者为开放的孔洞系统。总之,武山铜矿控矿地质条件、矿石结构构造及不同类型矿石黄铁矿的稀土元素证据表明矿床存在两期成矿事件,即海西期海底喷流同生沉积成矿期和燕山期岩浆热液叠加成矿期。  相似文献   

西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床金属硫化物、石英稀土元素组成特征及其成因研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王立强程文斌  罗茂澄向浩予 《中国地质》2012,39(3):740-749

蒙亚啊铅锌矿床自发现至今尚未报道稀土元素地球化学的研究成果,本文通过ICP-MS方法测定了矿床金属硫化物和热液成因石英中稀土元素的组成。研究表明,磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿中稀土元素总量有所差异,但总体均为右倾的轻稀土富集型配分模式;据Eu异常特征可将其分为3组,Eu异常的产生主要是成矿过程中物化条件的转变及方解石的大量结晶造成的。4件石英稀土元素总量亦有所差异,原因在于其结晶时间和结晶温度不同,其配分曲线亦为轻稀土富集的右倾型;不同阶段形成的石英各自具强烈的正铕或负铕异常,究其原因主要是由于后期大气降水的加入及方解石的形成引起的。  相似文献   

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Cambrian (~518 Ma) Chagantaolegai ophiolite in northern West Junggar (NW China): constraints on spatiotemporal characteristics of the Chingiz–Tarbagatai megazone     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1181-1196

The Chingiz–Tarbagatai megazone is a well-known early Palaeozoic unit in eastern Kazakhstan that extends into northern West Junggar along the Tarbagatai–Xiemisitai–Sharbuti Mountains. Here, we report new geochronological and geochemical data for the Chagantaolegai ophiolite, discovered in the south Xiemisitai Mountains, north of the Heshituoluogai Valley in West Junggar. The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb ages of a gabbro in the Chagantaolegai ophiolite are 517 ± 3 and 519 ± 3 Ma, corresponding to the early to middle Cambrian. Serpentinized peridotites in the ophiolite show low rare earth element (REE) abundances (0.61–0.94 μg/g) and slight loss of middle REEs. Chagantaolegai metagabbro samples have flat to very slightly depleted patterns in light REEs, with a narrow range of REE abundances. The Chagantaolegai spilites and metagabbros display similar flat patterns, which show a geochemical signature similar to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) between Yb and Zr, and diverge from MORB towards the most incompatible elements in MORB-normalized multi-element diagrams. The Th/Yb vs. Nb/Yb diagram for the spilite samples also suggests a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) setting. To summarize, all the geochemical characteristics of the Chagantaolegai ophiolite point to MOR ophiolite. The positive ε_Nd(t) values (0.78 to +9.85) suggest that the gabbros and spilites were derived from a depleted mantle source with chemical inhomogeneity. The Chagantaolegai ophiolite spatiotemporal characteristics correlate well with the Kujibai and Hongguleleng ophiolites in the northern part of West Junggar, and the Zhaur and Balkybek ophiolites in eastern Kazakhstan. These data show that early Palaeozoic oceanic crust started to develop in the early to middle Cambrian in northern West Junggar. Stratigraphic correlations also suggest that the South Saur Fault and an inferred fault buried in the Heshituoluogai depression are the northern and southern boundary of the Chingiz–Tarbagatai megazone, respectively.  相似文献   

云南羊拉铜矿床矿物组成、地球化学特征及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨喜安  刘家军  韩思宇  汪欢  罗诚  刘月东  翟德高 《现代地质》2012,26(2):229-242

云南羊拉铜矿床位于金沙江构造带中部,是三江地区一个十分典型的大型铜矿床。羊拉铜矿床的金属矿物为黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、自然铋、辉铋矿、毒砂、辉砷钴矿、辉钼矿等,根据金属矿物的共生组合,推测羊拉铜矿床为中高温热液矿床。羊拉铜矿床与羊拉花岗闪长岩体具有密切的成因联系,通过对羊拉铜矿床铜矿石稀土元素、微量元素的分布特征和羊拉花岗闪长岩的对比及S、Pb同位素组成的研究,表明成矿物质主要来源于地幔,部分来源于岩浆。早二叠世晚期金沙江洋盆向西俯冲形成了一系列逆断层。同时,金沙江洋盆向西低角度俯冲导致下地壳部分熔融,引发大规模的火山岩浆作用。在晚三叠世早期,构造背景由挤压环境到伸展环境的转折期,这些逆断层具有张性的特点,为后期的成矿热液提供了有利的容矿构造。持续上升的岩浆为地幔楔内的成矿流体提供了通道,岩浆内的部分成矿流体进入羊拉花岗闪长岩体附近的逆断层富集成矿。  相似文献   

卫星重力测量的应用进展     

徐海军  张永志  段虎荣  薛建华 《物探与化探》2012,(1):54-58,64

介绍了CHAMP、GRACE和GOCE三颗重力卫星,评述了卫星重力数据在恢复地球重力场模型,测定陆地水储量变化,研究大地水准面变化、弹性厚度、地壳厚度,地震前后重力场的变化、地壳运动等方面的应用,以及一系列卓有成效的研究成果,认为卫星重力探测技术相对传统的重力测量具有得天独厚的优势,将会有更大的应用空间。  相似文献   

南海北部陆坡高速堆积体沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨文光  谢昕  郑洪波  朱利东 《矿物岩石》2012,32(1):74-81

对南海北部陆坡MD05-2905站9个沉积物样品稀土元素进行分析,结果显示MD05-2905站沉积物中稀土含量总量(ΣREE)变化范围较大,其分布范围为60.66×10-6～350.37×10-6,平均值为174.59×10-6,其中全新世样品的稀土含量总量明显低于末次冰期样品,其球粒陨石分布模式与上地壳基本一致。对比发现,其ΣREE平均值相对接近中国黄土和珠江口,而与深海粘土中稀土元素的丰度相差较大,说明其主体可能来自陆源。稀土元素分馏参数δEu和δCe以及富集因子(EF)和判别函数(DF)揭示南海北部MD05-2905站沉积物与黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩都有联系,显示了多物源多传输方式的特征。另外发现富集因子(EF)和判别函数(DF)数值在末次冰期时期与全新世时期差别相对较大,末次冰期时期黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩的DF值都远远小于全新世时期,这可能反映末次冰期时黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩对南海北部的物源贡献更大,也反映末次冰期与全新世期间各个物源供给/传输方式可能发生变化。  相似文献   

芦山地震：一个成功的中期预测案例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

曾佐勋  王杰 《地学前缘》2013,20(3):21-24

2013年4月20日MS 7.0级芦山地震是2008年汶川地震以后龙门山断裂带的又一个灾难性的地质事件。文中回顾了对芦山地震的成功中期预测并给出了预测的依据。2012年11月25日上午,中国地球物理学会天灾预测专业委员会讨论中国西南地区中期地震预测问题。专业委员会主任耿庆国回顾了2012年4月作出的中期预测,认为2012年5月至2013年5月期间,在我国西南地区可能存在MS 7~8级地震。参加会议的委员们同意这一时间预测和震级预测,但是在震中位置预测方面存在不同意见。文章第一作者在会上作了一个报告,并展示了确切的震中预测位置图,即位于四川省雅安与康定连线的中间位置。这一预测的依据主要有两个方面：一方面,雅安西侧与汶川两地,具有两个特征相同的独立的卫星重力局部高异常;二是汶川(5·12)大震只是释放了龙门山断裂带北东段的能量和应力,这导致能量和应力在龙门山断裂带南西段,特别是南西端与重力异常突变叠加区(即中上地壳密度突变区)的加速积累和集中。芦山地震震中位于雅安芦山,与预测震中位置仅相差80 km,发震时间在2013年5月前。芦山地震中期预测的成功给予我们很多启示。作为一种地质过程,地震应该有其自身的规律可循;成功的地震预测需要多方面观测信息的综合分析,正是基于此,目前迫切需要国家的或者国际的具有综合分析经验的专家组和有效的前兆信息平台;卫星重力异常数据的处理和更新将有助于缩小强震预测的包围圈。  相似文献   

Origins of yttrium and rare earth element distributions in metamorphic garnet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. J. Moore  W. D. Carlson  M. A. Hesse 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2013,31(6):663-689

Highly variable distributions of yttrium and rare earth elements (Y+REEs) are documented in pelitic garnet from the Picuris Mountains, New Mexico, and from Passo del Sole, Switzerland, and in mafic garnet from the Franciscan Complex, California. The wide variety of these Y+REE zoning patterns, and those described previously in other occurrences, imply diverse origins linked to differing degrees of mobility of these elements through the intergranular medium during garnet growth. In the Picuris Mountains, large, early‐nucleating crystals have radial profiles of Y+REE dominated by central peaks and annular maxima, in patterns that vary systematically with atomic number. Superimposed on these features are narrow spikes in HREEs and MREEs, located progressively rimward with decreasing atomic number. In contrast, profiles in small, late‐nucleating crystals contain only broad central maxima for all Y+REEs. In garnet from Passo del Sole, Y+REE zoning varies radically from sample to sample: in some rocks, crystals of all sizes display only central peaks for all Y+REEs; in others, profiles exhibit irregular fluctuations in Y+REE contents that match up with small‐scale patchy zoning in Y and Ca X‐ray maps. In the Franciscan Complex, Y+REE in garnet cores fluctuate unsystematically, but mantles and rims display concentric oscillatory zoning for both major elements and Y+REEs. Our interpretation of the complexity of Y+REE distributions in metamorphic garnet centres on the concept that these distributions vary primarily in response to the length scales over which these elements can equilibrate during garnet growth. Very short length scales of equilibration, due to low intergranular mobility, produce overprint zoning characterized by small‐scale irregularities. Higher but still restricted mobility yields diffusion‐controlled uptake, characterized by patterns of central peaks and annular maxima that vary with atomic number and are strongly influenced by T–t paths during garnet growth. Still greater mobility permits progressively greater, potentially rock‐wide, equilibration with major‐ and accessory‐phase assemblages, leading to mineralogical controls: an unchanging mineral assemblage during garnet growth produces bell‐shaped profiles resembling those produced by Rayleigh fractionation, whereas changes in major‐ and/or accessory‐phase assemblages produce profiles with distinct annuli and sharp discontinuities in concentration. The very high mobility associated with influxes of Y+REE‐bearing fluids can cause these element distributions to be dominated by factors external to the rock, yielding profiles characterized by abrupt shifts or oscillations that are not correlated to changes in mineral assemblages.  相似文献   

Soldiers Cap Group iron‐formations,Mt Isa Inlier,Australia, as windows into the hydrothermal evolution of a base‐metal‐bearing Proterozoic rift basin     

O. J. Hatton  G. J. Davidson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1):85-106

The Proterozoic Soldiers Cap Group, a product of two major magmatic rift phases separated by clastic sediment deposition, hosts mineralised (e.g. Pegmont Broken Hill‐type deposit) and barren iron oxide‐rich units at three main stratigraphic levels. Evaluation of detailed geological and geochemical features was carried out for one lens of an apatite‐garnet‐rich, laterally extensive (1.9 km) example, the Weatherly Creek iron‐formation, and it was placed in the context of reconnaissance studies of other similar units in the area. Chemical similarities with iron‐formations associated with Broken Hill‐type Pb–Zn deposit iron‐formations are demonstrated here. Concordant contact relationships, mineralogy, geochemical patterns and pre‐deformational alteration all indicate that the Soldiers Cap Group iron‐formations are mainly hydrothermal chemical sediments. Chondrite normalised REE patterns display positive Eu and negative Ce anomalisms, are consistent with components of both high‐temperature, reduced, hydrothermal fluid (≥250°C) and cool oxidised seawater. Major element data suggest a largely mafic provenance for montmorillonitic clays and other detritus during chemical sedimentation, consistent with westward erosion of Cover Sequence 2 volcanic rocks, rather than local mafic sources. Ni enrichment is most consistent with hydrogenous uptake by Mn‐oxides or carbonates. Temperatures inferred from REE data indicate that although they are not strongly enriched, base metals such as Pb and Zn are likely to have been transported and deposited prior to or following iron‐formation deposition. Most chemical sedimentation pre‐dated emplacement of the major mafic igneous sill complexes present in the upper part of the basin. Heating of deep basinal brines in a regional‐scale aquifer by deep‐seated mafic magma chambers is inferred to have driven development of hydrothermal fluids. Three major episodes of extension exhausted this aquifer, but were succeeded by a final climactic extensional phase, which produced widespread voluminous mafic volcanism. The lateral extent of the iron‐formations requires a depositional setting such as a sea‐floor metalliferous sediment blanket or series of brine pools, with iron‐formation deposition likely confined to much smaller fault‐fed areas surrounded by Fe–Mn–P–anomalous sediments. These relationships indicate that in such settings, major sulfide deposits and their associated chemical sediment marker horizons need not overlie major igneous sequences. Rather, the timing of expulsion of hydrothermal fluid reflects the interplay between deep‐seated heating, extension and magmatism.  相似文献   

天然软土地基路堤临界高度一种计算方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱福  战高峰  佴磊 《岩土力学》2013,34(6):1738-1744

考虑地表硬壳层应力扩散作用、硬壳层的抗剪强度、中间主应力 对地基承载力的影响,从实际情况下土的静止侧压力系数出发,依据极坐标表示的弗拉曼公式和统一强度理论,推导出天然软土地基临塑与临界荷载公式,提出天然软土地基上路堤临界高度的一种计算方法。结合算例,探讨了软土层和硬壳层静止侧压力系数 、中间主剪应力系数 取不同值对路堤临界高度 的影响。结果表明： 与 的改变对路堤临界高度 影响很大,新的理论公式更能反应软土地基承载力的实质,对覆有硬壳层的软土地基上路堤的修筑具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献