黄河下游标准化堤防纵向裂缝成因与防治     

沈细中  张慧  杨文丽 《岩土力学》2008,29(4):973-978

因放淤固堤导致河南、山东堤防多处出现纵向裂缝,严重影响了黄河下游标准化堤防工程建设的质量与进度。通过开展现场调研与室内试验,基于饱和-非饱和渗流-应力耦合及湿化变形理论,探讨黄河大堤纵向裂缝的形成原因,据此制定相应的预防与治理对策。研究表明,淤背施工过快是导致大堤开裂的根本原因,堤身湿化变形、淤区排水不畅、堤顶堆载、堤顶重载车辆作用等加剧了堤身裂缝的形成与扩展;控制淤背施工速率、加速淤区排水、避免堤顶堆载等是预防裂缝的有效措施;锥探灌浆、开挖回填等方法可用于治理裂缝。  相似文献   

洞庭湖区减压井井管及滤层结构试验研究     

罗玉龙  罗谷怀 《岩土力学》2009,30(Z2):110-113

为研究适用于洞庭湖区二元结构堤基的减压井结构型式,采用室内试验对比分析了土工织物包扎塑料花管式、钢管式、砂滤体式及无砂混凝土式井管的排水减压效果,并结合洞庭湖区何家堤减压井试验工程研究了合理的滤层结构。试验表明,塑料盲沟和毛细板减压井是适合洞庭湖区二元堤基的两种减压井结构型式。  相似文献   

软土地基上的堤闸建设问题     

杨光华 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z2):463-468

珠江三角洲的软土分布广泛,水利建设中正在遇到大量在软土地基上的堤围加固,穿堤涵闸的建设问题,其中最主要的技术难题是软基处理的问题。本文主要是针对目前建设中遇到的软土地基承载力的合理确定问题及涵闸地基处理、软土地基的变形问题、填土速率的控制问题、旧堤加固及软土参数取值问题、侧向土压力问题、复合地基的应用问题、软土施工顺序的影响等技术问题进行探讨,因为这些问题影响到工程的质量和安全,是目前工程建设中急需解决的问题。  相似文献   

Sensitivity test of the geodetic network in Las Cañadas Caldera, Tenerife, for volcano monitoring     

T. -T. Yu  J. Fernndez  C. -L. Tseng  M. J. Sevilla  V. Araa 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2000,103(1-4)

A 17-benchmark geodetic network in the volcanic area of the Teide Caldera, Canary Islands has been utilised several times since 1982 to detect crustal movements associated with volcanic activity within the network, as well as a procedure for solving configuration problems. The network is located on the mid-western side of the Caldera, where there are two different morphological zones that both have benchmarks. The authors performed a sensitivity test of this geodetic network for volcano monitoring purposes. To do so, we use a deformation model to calculate surface displacement caused by a dike intrusion in a homogenous half space. The depth and location of dike are changed to study the variation of the effects produced (displacements). The size and location of the intruded dike are found to play a major role in determining both the displacement pattern and magnitude. When the dike is close to the surface, there is an inversion of the surface displacement pattern and very large surface displacement at certain benchmarks. Such phenomena can serve as precursors of such dike eruptions. Our study show a clear need to extend the existing geodetic network to cover the full island for volcano monitoring purposes.  相似文献   

辉长岩脆-塑性转化及其影响因素的高温高压实验研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

桑祖南  周永胜  何昌荣  金振民 《地质力学学报》2001,7(2):130-138

本文利用高温高压多功能三轴实验装置,以NaCl为固体围压传压介质,在围压为450MPa~800MPa,温度区间为600℃~1150℃和应变速率为1×10-4~3.125×10-6/s条件下,对攀枝花辉长岩进行了流变学实验研究。实验结果表明,辉长岩围压在450MPa~800MPa条件下,温度在600℃时为脆性变形,700℃~850℃时为半塑性流动,含微破裂,大于900℃时为塑性流动。辉长岩的脆-塑性转化温度为700℃~900℃,主要影响因素为温度、围压和应变速率,同时存在双相流变学问题。   相似文献   

北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩形成于早石炭世:来自辉长岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄的证据   总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25  

徐学义  李向民  马中平  夏林圻  夏祖春  彭素霞 《地质学报》2006,80(8):1168-1176

北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩中堆晶辉长岩的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年结果确定:巴音沟蛇绿岩中辉长岩形成的同位素地质年代为344.0±3.4Ma。表明巴音沟蛇绿岩所代表的洋盆形成于早石炭世。综合前人天山石炭纪蛇绿岩及构造演化的研究成果,笔者认为巴音沟蛇绿岩是大陆板内强烈拉张的产物。  相似文献   

闽西南永定大坪辉长岩脉的年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

王锦荣  吕新彪  张建平  林晓晖  王继林  林香 《地球科学》2021,46(1):73-86

南岭地区湘南-赣南-粤北-闽西南近东西向的岩浆岩活动带在年龄、成因、动力学背景等方面一直存有争议.以福建西南部永定地区的大坪辉长岩脉为研究对象,在详细的野外工作及镜下岩相学观察的基础上,对其开展了斜锆石U-Pb同位素定年、全岩主微量元素含量以及Sr-Nd同位素比值的测试工作.获得同位素年龄为184.0±6.5 Ma,表...  相似文献   

潟湖潮汐通道水力特性与治理     

田向平  李春初 《海洋通报》2006,25(4):9-15,62

综合论述了潟湖潮汐通道口门之流速、断面面积、通道长度、延时角和饱满系数之间的关系,以及沿岸漂沙对口门的影响。对不同类型的潟湖潮汐通道,提出了中潮位射流导流堤、口门复式断面和通道分汊等治理方法及其通道口门相关尺度的具体计算。  相似文献   

Three-dimensional hydromechanical modeling of internal erosion in dike-on-foundation     

Jie Yang  Zhen-Yu Yin  Farid Laouafa  Pierre-Yves Hicher 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(8):1200-1218

Currently, numerical studies at the real scale of an entire engineering structure considering internal erosion are still rare. This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation of the effects of internal erosion within a linear dike located on a foundation. A two-dimensional (2D) finite element code has been extended to 3D in order to analyze the impact of internal erosion under more realistic hydromechanical conditions. The saturated soil has been considered as a mixture of four interacting constituents: soil skeleton, erodible fines, fluidized fine particles, and fluid. The detachment and transport of the fine particles have been modeled with a mass exchange model between the solid and the fluid phases. An elastoplastic constitutive model for sand-silt mixtures has been developed to monitor the effect of the evolution of both the porosity and the fines content induced by internal erosion upon the behavior of the soil skeleton. An unsaturated flow condition has been implemented into this coupled hydromechanical model to describe more accurately the seepage within the dike and the foundation. A stabilized finite element method was used to eliminate spurious numerical oscillations in solving the convection-dominated transport of fluidized particles. This numerical tool was then applied to a specific dike-on-foundation case subjected to internal erosion induced by a leakage located at the bottom of the foundation. Different failure modes were observed and analyzed for different boundary conditions, including the significant influence of the leakage cavity size and the elevation of the water level at the upstream and downstream sides of the dike.  相似文献   

Geochemical and petrological aspects of dike intrusions in the Lycian ophiolites (SW Turkey): a case study for the dike emplacement along the Tauride Belt Ophiolites   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Ö. F. Çelik  M. Chiaradia 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(6):1151-1164

Lycian ophiolites located in the Western Taurides, are cut at all structural levels by dolerite and gabbro dikes. The dolerite dikes from this area are both pristine and metamorphosed. The non-metamorphosed dikes are observed both in the peridotites and in the metamorphic sole rocks. Accordingly, the non-metamorphosed dikes cutting the metamorphic sole were generated after cooling of the metamorphic sole rocks. The metamorphosed dolerite dikes are only observed in the peridotites. The physical conditions and timing of the metamorphism for the metamorphosed dolerite dikes are similar to those of the metamorphic sole rocks of the Lycian ophiolites suggesting that the metamorphosed dolerite dikes were metamorphosed together with the metamorphic sole rocks. Therefore, the dike injections in the western part of the Tauride Belt Ophiolites occurred before and after the generation of the metamorphic sole rocks. All metamorphosed and non-metamorphosed dikes are considered to have the same origin and all of them are subduction-related as inferred from whole-rock geochemistry and lead isotopes. Lead isotope compositions of whole rocks of both dike groups cluster in a narrow field in conventional Pb isotope diagrams (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.40–18.64; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.56–15.58; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.23–38.56) indicating a derivation from an isotopically homogeneous source. On the ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb versus ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb diagram, isotope compositions of the dikes plot slightly below the orogen curve suggesting contributions from mantle reservoir enriched by subducted oceanic lithosphere. Such a signature is typical of island arc magmatic rocks and supports the formation of the investigated rocks in a subduction-related environment.  相似文献