福建地区爆破与地震的波谱差异     

蔡杏辉  ;曹轶  ;许振栋  ;陈惠芳 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,(1):22-26

应用福建地震台网记录的爆破与地震的数字资料,采用波谱分析的方法分析发生在同一区域的爆破与地震波谱特征。结果表明,爆破与地震的拐角频率存在差异,据此得出本区域爆破识别的定量识别判据,为今后爆破的识别提供依据。  相似文献   

油页岩勘探开发现状及进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李宇航  ;张宏  ;张军华  ;何治亮  ;董宁  ;龚辛侬  ;张在金 《CT理论与应用研究》2014,(6):1051-1063

油页岩是当今世界热门的非常规油气资源。受石油危机的影响,全球寻找替代能源的脚步不断加快。继美国凭借页岩气革命逆转其天然气长期依赖进口的局面之后,多个国家包括中国越来越重视油页岩这一清洁型的接替能源。本文对油页岩勘探开发现状及进展进行了详细阐述：1油页岩是一种高灰分、有机质含量丰富的未成熟烃源岩,沉积环境有陆相、湖相以及海相三种,其矿床类型可分为近海型和内陆湖泊型;2油页岩在世界范围内储量丰富,美国是油页岩储量最多的国家,中国的油页岩资源也十分丰富,但可采储量明显低于探明储量;3在测井响应方面,油页岩具有低密度、高电阻率、高声波时差及高自然伽玛的特点,主要识别方法有log R重叠法、电阻率法、密度测井法等;4油页岩地震识别方法主要包括甜点属性预测法以及基于岩石物理模型的正反演有机质含量预测法;5油页岩主要对含油率进行评价,可使用的方法包括干馏法、测井评价法和岩石热解法;6页岩油开采是油页岩勘探开发的难点,主要技术包括干馏、原位开采和热转换加工技术等。研究结果对了解油页岩的特征、发展动态、关键技术以及进一步推动油页岩勘探开发具有一定的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

Crude-oil hydrocarbon composition characteristics and oil viscosity prediction in the northern Songliao Basin     

ZHANG JuHe  FENG ZiHui  FANG Wei  HUO QiuLi  ZHANG Kun  LI JingKun  ZENG HuaSen  ZHANG BoWei 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(2):297-312

Crude oil hydrocarbon composition characteristics and oil viscosity prediction are important bases in petroleum exploration.A total of 54 oil/heavy-oil samples and 17 oil sands were analyzed and quantified using both comprehensive 2D gas chromatography(GC×GC)and comprehensive 2D gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC/TOFMS).The results show that crude oil in the West slope is mainly heavy oil and its hydrocarbon composition is characterized overall by paraffinsmono-aromaticsnaphthenesnon-hydrocarbonsdi-aromaticstri-aromaticstetra-aromatics.Aromatics are most abundant and non-hydrocarbons are least abundant,whilst content differences among paraffins,naphthenes,aromatics,and non-hydrocarbons are less than 15%.There are two types of heavy oil,secondary type and mixing type.Biodegradation is the main formation mechanism of heavy oil.Biodegradation levels cover light biodegradation,moderate biodegradation,and severe biodegradation.With increasing biodegradation,paraffin content decreases while contents of aromatics and nonhydrocarbons increase.In contrast,naphthene content increases first and then decreases with increasing biodegradation.In severe biodegradation stage,naphthenes decrease more quickly than aromatics and non-hydrocarbons.This provides a new method for studying oil/heavy-oil biodegradation mechanism and biodegradation resistance of different hydrocarbons at different biodegradation stages.In the Longhupao-Daan terrace and Qijia-Gulong depression,most crude oil is conventional oil.Its composition is dominated by paraffins with the lowest content of aromatics.In some casual oil wells from the Longhupao-Daan terrace,crude oil from Saertu oil reservoirs is moderately biodegraded whereas crude oil from Putaohua oil reservoir is lightly biodegraded.Chemical parameters using saturate hydrocarbons and aromatics are usually not suitable for determining organic type and thermal maturity of biodegraded oil,especially of moderately or severely biodegraded oil,whilst Ts/(Ts+Tm)ratio can be used to determine thermal maturity of both conventional crude oil and heavy oil.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and genesis of authigenic pyrite from gas hydrate accumulation system in the Qilian Mountain permafrost,Qinghai, northwest China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PingKang Wang  YouHai Zhu  ZhenQuan Lu  Xia Huang  ShouJi Pang  Shuai Zhang  ShaoQing Jiang  QingHai Li  KaiLi Yang  Bing Li 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(9):2217-2231

A type of authigenic pyrites that fully fill or semi-fill the rock fractures of drillholes with gas hydrate anomalies are found in the Qilian Mountain permafrost; this type of pyrite is known as “fracture-filling” pyrite. The occurrence of “fracture-filling” pyrite has a certain similarity with that of the hydrate found in this region, and the pyrite is generally concentrated in the lower part of the hydrate layer or the hydrate anomaly layer. The morphology, trace elements, rare earth elements, and sulfur isotope analyses of samples from drillhole DK-6 indicate that the “fracture-filling” pyrites are dominated by cubic ones mainly aligned in a step-like fashion along the surfaces of rock fractures and are associated with a circular structure, lower Co/Ni and Sr/Ba, lower ΣREE, higher LREE, significant Eu negative anomalies, and Δ³⁴S_CDT positive bias. In terms of the pyrites’ unique crystal morphology and geochemical characteristics and their relationship with the hydrate layers or abnormal layers, they are closely related with the accumulation system of the gas hydrate in the Qilian Mountain permafrost. As climate change is an important factor in affecting the stability of the gas hydrate, formation of fracture-filling pyrites is most likely closely related to the secondary change of the metastable gas hydrate under the regional climate warming. The distribution intensity of these pyrites indicates that when the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) is narrowing, the hydrate decomposition at the bottom of the GHSZ is stronger than that at the top of the GHSZ, whereas the hydrate decomposition within the GHSZ is relatively weak. Thus, the zone between the shallowest and the deepest distribution of the fracture-filling pyrite recorded the largest possible original GHSZ.  相似文献   

Characteristics and accumulation mechanisms of the Dongfang 13-1 high temperature and overpressured gas field in the Yinggehai Basin,the South China Sea     

YuHong Xie  BaoJia Huang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(11):2799-2807

The Dongfang 13-1 is located in the diapiric structure belt of the Yinggehai Basin. The formation pressure of its main gas reservoir in the Miocene Huangliu Formation is up to 54.6 MPa(pressure coefficient=1.91) and the temperature is as high as 143°C(geothermal gradient 4.36°C/100 m), indicating that it is a typical high-temperature and overpressured gas reservoir. The natural gas is interpreted to be coal-type gas derived from the Miocene mature source rocks containing type II2-III kerogens as evidenced by high dryness index of up to 0.98 and heavy carbon isotopes, i.e., the δ13C1 ranging from -30.76‰ to -37.52‰ and δ13C2 ranging from -25.02‰ to -25.62‰. The high temperature and overpressured Miocene petroleum system is related mainly to diapir in the Yinggehai Basin and contains more pore water in the overpressured reservoirs due to undercompaction process. The experimental and calculated results show that the solubility of natural gas in formation water is as high as 10.5 m3/m3 under the temperature and pressure conditions of the Sanya Formation, indicating that at least part of the gas may migrate in the form of water-soluble phase. Meanwhile, the abundant gas source in the Basin makes it possible for the rapid saturation of natural gas in formation water and exsolution of soluble gas. Therefore, the main elements controlling formation of the Dongfang 13-1 gas pool include that(1) the diapir activities and accompanying changes in temperature and pressure accelerate the water-soluble gas exsolution and release a lot of free gas;(2) submarine fan fine sandstone in the Huangliu Formation provides good gas-water segregation and accumulation space; and(3) the overlying overpressured mud rocks act as effective caps. The accumulation mechanism reveals that the high temperatural and high pressure structure belt near the diapir structures has a good potential for large and medium-sized gas field exploration.  相似文献   

盐岩地下储气库套管运行安全的可靠性分析研究     

向文  张强勇  蔡兵 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z2):379-385

盐岩因其具有良好的蠕变特性、低渗透性以及损伤自我恢复特性成为国际上公认的最理想能源地下存储介质。在盐岩地下储气库运营过程中储库套管受到储气内压、材料参数和几何尺寸等不确定性因素的影响,为了评价这些随机风险因素对储库套管结构运行安全的影响,建立了盐岩储气库的套管结构模型和基于Von Mises屈服准则的套管结构功能函数,根据建立的结构模型和结构功能函数,应用响应面法结合蒙特卡洛抽样计算获得储库在高压和低压运行条件下套管结构可靠度的变化规律。可靠性分析表明,为保证套管运行安全,储库最低运行内压应大于3 MPa,最高运行内压应小于22 MPa,套管靴距离储库腔顶的距离应大于10 m,并应适当加大套管的壁厚和减小套管的内径。  相似文献   

Bouc-Wen土体动力模型的阈值应变研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲁丽雪  迟世春 《岩土力学》2014,35(5):1311-1316

探讨Bouc-Wen土体动力模型的适用条件与参数对滞回圈的影响等。基于热力学基本定律,研究了Bouc-Wen土体动力模型的增量耗散函数表达式,讨论了不同动应变水平下某筑坝土石料的能量耗散机制。发现筑坝土石料的动力特性存在2个阈值应变,即第l和第2阈值应变。其对应的模量比分别为0.94左右及0.50～0.80之间。第2阈值应变与传统意义上以孔压升高或体积变化为标准的门槛应变相当。对进一步认识土体动应力-应变特性有一定意义。  相似文献   

复杂岩性储层渗透率-应力敏感性及其对气井产能的影响     

苟燕  孙军昌  杨正明  周学民 《岩土力学》2014,35(9):2535-2542

采用变流压定围压试验方式,在高温、高压条件下模拟了气藏开发过程,研究了复杂火山岩气藏储层渗透率应力敏感性,对比了变流压定围压与常规的定流压变围压方式评价储层应力敏感性的异同。试验结果表明,火山岩储层渗透率随着孔隙压力的减小而减小,渗透率减小主要发生在孔隙压力从40 MPa下降至25 MPa的变化区间,渗透率损失率与其初始渗透率之间的相关性较差,这与常规沉积砂岩储层具有一定的差别。变流压定围压试验评价的应力敏感性强于定流压变围压评价结果,气藏储层有效应力变化范围内两种试验评价的应力敏感性结果差异更大。基于渗流力学理论,推导得到考虑应力敏感性的气井产能方程。计算结果表明,考虑应力敏感性时气井无阻流量约为不考虑应力敏感性时的63.28%,应力敏感性对气井产能的影响随着生产压差的增大而增大。  相似文献   

泥页岩吸附气量随地层埋深变化趋势预测分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邢金艳  姜振学  陈磊  郝进 《现代地质》2014,28(5):1041-1045

泥页岩在地层温度和压力条件下的吸附气量对于资源评价、有利区优选具有重要意义。因此,有必要确定在温度和压力双变量因素影响下页岩的吸附气量及其变化规律。通过合理运用不同温度下的等温吸附实验数据,将温度和压力双变量因素转化为埋深这个单一因素。选取某A样品,进行不同温度下的等温吸附实验,合理利用不同温度点和实验测试压力点的吸附气量数据,并通过温度梯度、压力系数实现温度、压力、埋深之间的相互转换,预测出其它温度点对应的吸附气量,从而建立该样品吸附气量随着埋深变化的定量预测模型。通过该模型计算未测试温度点的吸附量,结果准确可靠,认为该方法可以作为一种计算页岩吸附气含量的新方法。研究表明吸附气量随着深度的变化存在一个深度转折点,在该深度以浅的范围,吸附气量随着深度的增大而增大,压力起决定作用;在该深度以深的范围,吸附气量随着深度的增大而减小,温度起决定作用。  相似文献   

川西坳陷新页HF-1井须五段泥页岩吸附气含量主控因素及其定量预测模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈磊  姜振学  邢金艳  陈冬霞  谢明贤  纪文明 《现代地质》2014,28(4):824-831

页岩气是一种重要的非常规天然气,其中相当一部分的天然气以吸附态存在。吸附气含量是页岩气资源评价和目标区优选的关键性参数,也是评价页岩是否具有经济开采价值的一个重要标准。为了探讨川西坳陷新页HF-1井须五段泥页岩吸附气含量主控因素,选取了该井须五段泥页岩样品进行同一温度下的等温吸附实验,获得页岩等温吸附特征曲线及Langmuir体积和Langmuir压力值,分析压力对页岩吸附气含量的影响程度,利用Langmuir模型计算地层压力条件下的吸附气含量。利用实验数据分析了新页HF-1井须五段泥页岩吸附气含量与比表面积、孔隙度、密度、成熟度、湿度和压力各单因素之间的相关关系,然后运用SPSS软件对吸附气含量的几个影响因素进行了主成分分析。结果表明：比表面积、湿度和压力是影响新页HF-1井须五段泥页岩吸附气含量的主要因素。最后建立了同时考虑这3个主控因素的页岩吸附气含量计算新模型。通过新模型可以计算出新页HF-1井须五段未知泥页岩的吸附气含量,计算结果与实测值之间相关系数高,结果准确可靠,是一种评价等温条件下页岩吸附气含量的好方法,对页岩吸附气含量评价具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献