基于聚二甲基硅氧烷胶与Zn-Al型水滑石复合膜为离子载体的溶解无机碳电极及其性能标定     

韩沉花  潘依雯  叶瑛 《热带海洋学报》2009,28(4):35-41

深海探测溶解无机碳含量异常，可以为寻找热液口提供一个很好的证据。本文设计的基于自制的聚二甲基硅氧烷胶与Zn-Al型水滑石复合膜为离子载体的溶解无机碳探测电极属于电势型电极，适用于对深海中溶解无机碳的测量，具有体积微小、便于与pH、盐度、温度、氧化还原电位等多种传感器集成在同一探头腔内，实施在线探测等优点。实验室条件下，将该溶解无机碳探测电极与银/氯化银参比电极分别接在Keithley 6517A高阻抗电位计输入端进行测试，测试结果表明：该电极对不同浓度的碳酸氢钠溶液具有良好的响应信号，响应时间大约在30s—1 min，检测限在10－1—10－4mol?L–1。  相似文献   

Facile Conversion of Alcohols to Olefins by Tosylation and Subsequent SiO2-promoted β-elimination     

RUAN Xiaohong SONG Gaopeng ZHANG Yichun LI Yingxia 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(2):196-198

A convenient and effective procedure was developed for the conversion of alcohol to olefin by tosylation and subsequent β-elimination promoted by silica gel in this study. Treatment of the alcohols with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine at 0℃ affords tosylates which undergo β-elimination with silica gel in dichloromethane or chloroform at room temperature, yielding olefinswith high productivity.  相似文献   

响应面法优化双髻鲨（Sphyrna zygaena）肌肉盐溶蛋白的提取和凝胶形成条件          下载免费PDF全文

徐大伦  颜伟华  杨文鸽  何斌辉  丁宁  陈丹  顾玲芳 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(2):289-293

采用响应面分析法,以双髻鲨肉盐溶蛋白凝胶保水性为依据,对盐溶蛋白的提取和凝胶形成条件NaCl浓度、pH和低温加热时间进行优化。结果表明：（1）根据中心组合试验设计,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,建立了双髻鲨肉盐溶蛋白凝胶保水性与其提取条件的数学模型：保水性（%）=65.440＋10.868X1＋1.835X2-0.5...  相似文献   

Effects of alginate gel on rheological properties of hair-tail (Trichiurus lepturus) surimi     

Yong Xue  Xin Liu  Lili Zhang  Dan Lin  Jiachao Xu  Changhu Xue 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(2):191-196

Effects of alginate gel at different concentrations on rheological properties of hair-tail (Trichiurus lepturus) surimi were investigated. Alginate gel (1% - 3%) exhibited enhanced effects, especially when alginate gel concentration increased. The rheological properties of mixture samples were studied by the time sweep, frequency sweep and temperature sweep. The critical strain values of the mixture samples for the onset of non-linear viscoelasticity were about 5%. The storage modulus G’ of the mixture samples increased with time for 4 h. The frequency sweep showed that G’ was greater than G" for all the mixture gels with different alginate gel concentrations, and values of both n’ and n" for all samples were low (<0.2), these constants corresponding to G’ and G", and indicating the elasticity of mixture gels. The values of storage modulus G’ decreased during heating process and increased with decreasing temperature.  相似文献   

BZ28-2S油田Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶渗流特征及其调驱效果研究     

邹剑  王荣健  薛宝庆  卢祥国 《海洋地质译丛》2014,(2):46-53

渤海BZ28-2S油田具有油藏厚度大、平均渗透率高、非均质性严重、溶剂水矿化度较高和原油黏度较低等特点,注水开发过程中水窜现象比较严重,进而影响水驱开发效果,亟待采取调剖技术措施来改善水驱开发效果.针对BZ28-2S油藏储层特征、流体性质和及其井网特点,以黏度、阻力系数、残余阻力系数和采收率为评价指标,开展了Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶配方优选和调驱注入参数优化实验研究.结果表明,在目标油藏储层和流体条件下,交联剂Cr^3＋与聚合物分子链间可以发生交联反应,形成具有“分子内”交联结构特征、独特渗流特性和与储层适应性良好的Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶体系.与聚合物溶液相比较,在段塞相同条件下,Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶调驱效果较好.从技术经济效果考虑,推荐Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶体系组成：Cp=1 200 ～1 600 mg/L,m（Pol）∶m（Cr^3＋）=180∶1～ 270∶1,段塞尺寸为0.075 ～ 0.125 PV,预计采收率增幅1.6％ ～ 2.5％.在室内研究基础上,2012年12月开始在渤海BZ28-2S油田进行了矿场试验.目前矿场调驱施工正在进行之中,截止到2013年5月,由于调驱时间较短,部分油井已经见效.  相似文献   

The Adsorption Behavior of Functional Particles Modified by Polyvinylimidazole for Cu(II) Ion     

Ruixin Wang  Jiying Men  Baojiao Gao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(3):278-284

In this paper, a novel composite material the silica grafted by poly(N‐vinyl imidazole) (PVI), i.e., PVI/SiO₂, was prepared using 3‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS) as intermedia through the “grafting from” method. The adsorption behavior of metal ions by PVI/SiO₂ was researched by both static and dynamic methods. Experimental results showed that PVI/SiO₂ possessed very strong adsorption ability for metal ions. For different metal ions, PVI/SiO₂ exhibited different adsorption abilities with the following order of adsorption capacity: Cu²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > Zn²⁺. The adsorption material PVI/SiO₂ was especially good at adsorbing Cu(II) ion and the saturated adsorption capacity could reach up to 49.2 mg/g. The empirical Freundlich isotherm was found to describe well the equilibrium adsorption data. Higher temperatures facilitated the adsorption process and thus increased the adsorption capacity. The pH and grafting amount of PVI had great influence on the adsorption amount. In addition, PVI/SiO₂ particles had excellent eluting and regenerating property using diluted hydrochloric acid solution as eluent. The adsorption ability trended to steady during 10 cycles.  相似文献   

Synthesis and characterization of Al<Subscript>13</Subscript>-oxalate gel with Keggin structure     

Jing Liu  Fenghua Zhao 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(4):364-368

In this study, the Al₁₃-oxalate gel synthesized from Al₁₃ solution was characterized by XRD, FTIR and MAS ²⁷Al NMR. The results are: 1) the gel shows obvious XRD diffraction peaks, which is different from common Al gels and their oxalate precipitations; 2) the peak of Al-O stretch vibration of Al₁₃-oxalate complexes at 810 cm⁻¹ indicates that the gel was formed directly by the complexes, and the characteristic peaks of IR and solid-state NMR respectively occur at 725 cm⁻¹ and ∼6.1×10⁻⁵ chemical shift, which are respectively assigned to (Al-O)_Td vibration and (Al-O)₄ tetrahedron, suggesting that the gel has a unique Keggin structure; 3) Al₁₃ polyoxocation can directly form gel with oxalate, even in a high-pH environment (=7.8). This finding provides new evidence for the universality of Al₁₃ in natural environments. Through chemical analysis, the chemical formula of the gel was determined to be AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂(C₂O₄)_7/2.  相似文献   

恶性漏失地层堵漏技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

李锦峰 《探矿工程》2019,46(5):19-27

井漏不仅是油气井勘探开发中的普遍现象,还是制约井下安全、影响钻井速度的重要因素。本文围绕恶性漏失机理、堵漏处理措施、堵漏材料和堵漏工艺进行了大量的研究,分析了国内外钻井中恶性漏失问题及其提出的处理对策,分析了它们的优势和不足,总结了国内外处理钻井恶性漏失的方法。将近期最新的处理溶洞型漏失的主要技术概括为三大类——聚合物凝胶堵漏技术、化学堵漏技术和水泥堵漏技术。本文还重点介绍了新研制的一种化学凝胶堵漏技术和一种智能凝胶堵漏技术的室内试验和现场应用情况,现场应用成功率高达98%。  相似文献   

Proton and metal ion binding to natural organic polyelectrolytes—II. Preliminary investigation with a peat and a humic acid     

J.A. Marinsky  M.M. Reddy 《Organic Geochemistry》1984,7(3-4)

A unified physico-chemical model, based on a modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, for the analysis of ion complexation reactions involving charged polymeric systems is presented and verified. In this model pH = pK_a+p(ΔK_a) + log(α/1 − α) where K_a is the intrinsic acid dissociation constant of the ionizable functional groups on the polymer, ΔK_a is the deviation of the intrinsic constant due to electrostatic interaction between the hydrogen ion and the polyanion, and alpha (α) is the polyacid degree of ionization. Using this approach pK_a values for repeating acidic units of polyacrylic (PAA) and polymethacrylic (PMA) acids were found to be 4.25 ± 0.03 and 4.8 ± 0.1, respectively. The polyion electrostatic deviation term derived from the potentiometric titration data (i.e. p(ΔK_a)) is used to calculate metal ion concentration at the complexation site on the surface of the polyanion. Intrinsic cobalt-polycarboxylate binding constants (7.5 for PAA and 5.6 for PMA), obtained using this procedure, are consistent with the range of published binding constants for cobalt-monomer carboxylate complexes. In two phase systems incorporation of a Donnan membrane potential term allows determination of the intrinsic pK_a of a cross-linked PMA gel, pK_a = 4.83, in excellent agreement with the value obtained for the linear polyelectrolyte and the monomer. Similarly, the intrinsic stability constant for cobalt ion binding to a PMA-gel (β_CoPMA+ = 11) was found to be in agreement with the linear polyelectrolyte analogue and the published data for cobalt-carboxylate monodentate complexes.  相似文献   

碳酸盐岩中燧石条带成因争鸣——以北京西山中元古界雾迷山组为例     

苏德辰  吕洪波  章雨旭  孙爱萍  朱晓青  贺静  袁效奇 《地质论评》2022,68(4):2022082016-2022082016

北京地区中元古界雾迷山组主要由燧石条带白云岩、燧石结核白云岩、叠层石白云岩和少量含陆源粉砂质碎屑的白云岩组成,广泛出露于北京山区,厚度2000~3500 m。以雾迷山组为代表的大量中元古代硅质沉积物的物源和形成原因,一般教科书均认为层状燧石为生物成因,结核状燧石为成岩交代成因。笔者等在北京西山等地多次野外考察发现,剖面上的硅质条带或硅质结核（下一般称燧石席或硅胶席）。 燧石席内部常包裹或胶结有下伏白云岩的砾石并且因混有有机质等,表现为各种暗色或杂色。硅胶席在上覆白云质沉积物堆积之前与其周围的白云质灰泥和粒屑几乎同时形成,燧石透镜体与白云质沉积物之间存在着相互穿插、包裹的关系,但彼此之间边界清晰,无论是白云石粒屑还是硅胶席都没有任何被交代痕迹。因此,笔者等认为：燧石“结核”是硅胶聚集成席,再经压实、固化的结果,其浑圆状边缘是水下硅胶与沉积介质的相变面。硅胶固化作用是雾迷山组中原生燧石的唯一成因。在成岩重力压实过程中,连续分布的原生硅质沉积物会形成布丁或“结核”构造。白云质灰泥和粒屑的胶结速度与硅胶的固化速度之间存在着明显的差异,遇地震等外力作用,软的硅胶席会沿着弱固结的白云岩裂隙向上侵入或向下挤入,形成硅质脉。遇有后期的岩浆侵入或热变质作用的改造,硅质条带和硅质结核的成分和颜色会发生相应的变化,质地变纯,颜色由深变浅,但是仍然保留原生的层理或纹理,容易被误认为是成岩期或成岩后硅质交代碳酸盐矿物而成。  相似文献