The evolution characteristics and fractionation mechanism of carbon isotopes in the process of "multi-stage hydrocarbon generation"     

XU Yongchang  LIU Wenhui  SHEN Ping  ZHANG Xiaobao  HUANG Difan  SONG Yitao 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(1):1-8

The Jiyang Sag and the Liaohe Basin are the two important areas where immature oil resources are distributed in China. From these two areas immature-low mature to mature oil samples were collected for carbon isotopic analysis. The extracts of source rocks are dominant in the Jiyang Sag while crude oils are dominant in the Liaohe Basin. The maturity index, R., for source rocks varies from 0.25%(immature) to 0.65% (mature). Studies have shown that within this range of R. values the extracts of source rocks and crude oils, as well as their fraction components, have experienced observable carbon isotope fractionation. The carbon isotopic values tend to increase with burial depth, the oils become from immature-low mature to mature, and the rules of evolution of oils show a three-stage evolution pattern, i. e. ,light→heavy→light→heavy oils. Such variation trend seems to be related to the occurrence of two hydrocarbon-generating processes and the main hydrocarbon-forming materials being correspondingly non-hydrocarbons and possessing MAB characteristics, lower thermodynamic effects and other factors. In the process towards the mature stage, with increasing thermodynamic effects, the thermal degradation of kerogens into oil has become the leading factor, and correspondingly the bond-breaking ratio of 12 C-13C also increases,making the relatively 12C-rich materials at the low mature stage evolve again towards 13C enrichment.  相似文献   

中国南方海相层系埋藏史类型与生烃演化模式   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

沃玉进  周雁  肖开华 《沉积与特提斯地质》2007,27(3):94-100

在漫长的地质历史中,中国南方海相层系经历了多旋回构造运动与强烈后期改造。印支运动以来,多期沉降与隆升及其地区差异性表现产生了"早降晚抬"和"早抬晚降"两大类6种形式的埋藏演化史类型。受埋藏史类型控制,南方各地区不同层系烃源岩的生烃演化史存在明显差异性。按生烃过程是否连续及成熟演化明显暂停前是否已达到或超过生烃高峰期,将南方海相烃源岩的生烃演化过程归纳为连续生烃模式、二次生烃模式和晚期生烃模式等3种类型。  相似文献   

断裂输导体系研究现状及存在的问题   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

杜春国  郝芳  邹华耀  张树林  付晓飞 《地质科技情报》2007,26(1):51-56

在前人研究成果的基础上,对断裂输导体系的内部结构、动力学机理、输导能力的控制因素、流体活动特征的识别、与其有关的优势通道等方面进行了综述.脆性断裂带内部的流体输导通道包括伴生裂缝、无黏结力的断层岩带和诱导裂缝3种类型,塑性断裂带只具有断裂伴生裂缝一种类型的输导通道.断裂带流体排驱的动力学机理包括突发性构造事件、超压与构造活动联控、超压主导和浮力驱动4种基本类型.气烟囱、沸腾包裹体、MnO等微量元素与包裹体均一温度异常等是判断或追踪断裂带流体活动特征的有效指标.与断裂输导体系有关的优势通道包括流向优势和断面优势两种类型,它们对油气的分布具有重要的控制作用.最后提出了断裂输导体系研究中存在的问题及进一步研究的方向.  相似文献   

基于改进的遗传算法边坡稳定性分析方法及其应用     

何朋朋  姚磊华  汤荣贵 《地质灾害与环境保护》2007,18(1):100-104

在遗传算法和瑞典条分法的基础上,提出了对边坡临界滑裂面的搜索方法及其最小安全系数的求解方法.文中利用安全系数的倒数作为目标函数,可行域根据实际边坡的尺寸和经验给出,而且在计算过程中根据目标函数值进行调节,逐步缩小搜索空间,使搜索效率提高.算法中利用了十进制遗传算法的改进操作优体克隆操作和子体优生操作,提高了搜索的速度和精度.  相似文献   

Rapid hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism in later period in Kelasu thrust belt in Kuqa depression     

Zou HuaYao  Wang HongJun  Hao Fang  Liu GuangDi  Zhang BaiQiao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(8):1161-1170

Based on the analyses of generation, migration and accumulation of oil and gas in the structures of Kela 1, Kela 2 and Kela 3 in Kasangtuokai anticlinal belt using a series of geological and geochemical evidence, this paper proposes that the rapid rate of hydrocarbon generation, main drain path for over-pressured fluid flow and converging conduit system are indispensable conditions for the rapid, late-stage gas accumulation in the Kelasu thrust belt in the Kuqa depression. Due to structural over-lapping and the resultant rapid burial, the maturity of the source rocks had been increased rapidly from 1.3 to 2.5% Ro within 2.3 Ma, with an average rate of Ro increase up to 0.539% Ro/Ma. The rapid matura-tion of the source rocks had provided sufficient gases for late-stage gas accumulation. The kelasu structural belt has a variety of faults, but only the fault that related with fault propagation fold and cut through the gypsiferous mudstone cap could act as the main path for overpressured fluid release and then for fast gas accumulation in low fluid potential area. All the evidence from surface structure map, seismic profile explanation, authigenic kaolinite and reservoir property demonstrates that the main drain path related with faults for overpressured fluid and the converging conduit system are the key point for the formation of the giant Kela 2 gas field. By contrast, the Kela 1 and Kela 3 structures lo-cated on both sides of Kela 2 structure, are not favourable for gas accumulation due to lacking con-verging conduit system.  相似文献   

江西省九江市规划区地质灾害易发性评估     

刘细元  衷存堤 《上海国土资源》2007,(2):5-10

在阐述九江市规划区的地质背景、地形地貌特征和水文地质、工程地质条件及其地质灾害发育现状的基础上,对规划区的地质灾害易发性进行了较详细的评估,圈定出十里铺、沙河街和狮子3个地面塌陷易发区;国棉二厂、官湖、炼油厂和沙河街4个地面塌陷较易发区。在规划区内选取11个均为土岩混合斜坡,斜坡坡度15°~30°,斜坡高度20m~100m,强风化带厚度和残坡积层厚度均小于3m的自然斜坡进行评估,其中有6个为稳定性中等,占总数的54.5%,稳定性好的5个,占总数的45.5%。并提出了地质灾害防治建议。  相似文献   

自适应对称调和遗传算法在水库中长期发电调度中的应用   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

万星  周建中 《水科学进展》2007,18(4):598-603

针对遗传算法存在求解精度与收敛速度间的矛盾,提出一种自适应对称调和遗传新算法。以清江隔河岩水库为例,建立了水库发电最优调度的数学模型,取得了满意的结果。结果分析表明,新的耦合模型避免了网络寻优的盲目性,从而达到最优的拟合效果,有效地提高了预测精度和速度。拓宽了建立中长期负荷预测模型的途径。  相似文献   

柳州新一代天气雷达通风系统的改进及应用     

罗延斌 《气象研究与应用》2007,28(1):69-71

在柳州新一代天气雷达建设过程中,发现其通风系统存在不足及缺陷,通过分析其通风系统的设计及安装原理,提出了改进的措施,并应用到实际当中,取得了很好的效果。  相似文献   

新一代天气雷达检修的技术与方法   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

刘小东  柴秀梅  张维全  李洋 《气象科技》2006,34(Z1):111-114

对新一代天气雷达发生故障的基本原因进行了总结和分类,阐述了检查、分析与排除故障的步骤、方式和方法,并介绍了分析故障的一些技巧。通过对CINRAD/SC型天气雷达一次故障检修个例的分析,进一步对以上技术方法在实际工作中的应用加以说明。目的是希望技术人员在检修新一代天气雷达过程中能严格遵守雷达故障分析的原则,灵活运用故障的诊断方法和技巧,达到事半功倍的效果。  相似文献   

Pathways of birnessite formation in alkali medium   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

FENG Xionghan  TAN Wenfeng  LIU Fan  HUANG Qiaoyun & LIU Xiangwen . College of Resources  Environment  Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan  China  . Testing Center  China University of Geosciences  Wuhan  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(9):1438-1451

Birnessite, widely distributed in soils, sediments and ocean manganese nodules, is a common layered manganese oxide. It consists of sheets of hydrated cations between sheets of MnO6 octahedra[1,2]. The formations of a variety of manganese oxides are closely related with birnessite, most of those form di- rectly or indirectly from birnessite [3―7]. In natural en- vironment, birnessite has a high surface activity and potential, and plays a significant role in adjusting and controlling the avai…  相似文献