汶川大地震（MS 8.0）同震变形作用及其与地质灾害的关系   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

付小方  侯立玮  李海兵  王宗秀  邹付戈 《地质学报》2008,82(12):1733-1746

2008年5月12日发生于四川盆地西部龙门山断裂带的汶川大地震（MS 8.0）波及半个亚洲,震撼整个中国。本文通过地震后的实地调查,对发育在龙门山断裂带上的同震地表破裂带的分布、产状、继承性复活与变形特征,以及同震变形与地震地质灾害的关系等进行了初步总结,分析表明这次汶川大地震(MS 8.0)沿北川-映秀逆冲断裂和安县-灌县逆冲断裂同时发生地表破裂,前者产生以高角度逆冲兼右旋走滑为特征的地表破裂带长约275 km,后者产生以缓倾角逆冲作用为特征的地表破裂带长约80 km。汶川大地震的同震地表破裂带分布具有分段性特征,并与地表破坏程度的分带性有着一定的内在联系,详细研究表明,同震地表破裂带的产状直接影响地表破坏程度和地震地质灾害的强度,汶川大地震（MS 8.0）沿呈高角度陡倾的北川-映秀逆冲断裂发育的同震地表变形所产生的地表破坏程度和地震地质灾害的强度比沿缓倾角的安县-灌县逆冲断裂要强。从各种类型的地震断裂来看,具有垂直运动的逆冲型地震断裂所造成的地表破坏程度和地质灾害强度比具水平运动的走滑型地震断裂要强。因此,汶川大地震发生的破裂过程和同震地表变形与地震地质灾害的关系值得深入研究。  相似文献   

GMOs and their contexts: A comparison of potential and actual performance of GM crops in a local agricultural setting     

A. Wendy Russell 《Geoforum》2008,39(1):213-222

In this paper, I argue that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have inherent potential to contribute to socially and environmentally sustainable agriculture by virtue of their ‘biological embeddedness’. Their actual ‘performance’ and how this contributes to sustainability depends on the ‘mutual shaping’ of technology and context. While much attention has been given to the design context of GMOs, this paper considers the influence of the application context and of users. A case study investigating the use of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM cotton in the cotton-growing region of New South Wales in Australia is presented. The study was based on focus groups with farmers and other stakeholders in a cotton-growing community. It demonstrated a range of direct and indirect effects of GM cotton use, both positive and negative for sustainability, and the ways in which these effects were influenced by the local social context. The influences of the biotechnology industry context, in limiting the contributions that gene technologies can make to sustainability, were also considered, and remedies suggested. I argue that the polarity of the GM debate is hindering progress on these issues, and that a more balanced approach to our analysis of GMOs is necessary in order to fully understand, and to influence, their role in the future of rural spaces.  相似文献   

Contribution of the SISCam Web-based GIS to the seismotectonic study of Campania (Southern Apennines): an example of application to the Sannio-area     

Rosa Nappi  Giuliana Alessio  Giovanni Bronzino  Carlo Terranova  Giuseppe Vilardo 《Natural Hazards》2008,45(1):73-85

In this article the implementation and potential of the Seismotectonic Information System of the Campania Region (SISCam) are described, in particular an application of this Web-based GIS system to the seismotectonic analysis of the Sannio area (Southern Apennines) is performed. WEB-GIS technologies greatly contribute to both the environmental monitoring and the disaster management of areas affected by high natural risks. Specifically the SISCam system has been developed with the aim of providing easy access and fast diffusion, through Internet technology, of the most significant geological, geophysical, and territorial data relative to the Campania Region. The Sannio area has been selected as our application example because it is among the most active seismic regions in Italy. This portion of the Southern Apennines which was hit by the June 5, 1688 strong earthquake (M _W = 6.7, CPTI 1999) and by some low- and moderate-energy seismic sequences (1990–1992, 1997), is characterized by a complex inherited tectonic setting and low-tectonic deformation rates that hide the seismogenic sources position. Since this case study turned out to be complicated, the use of the SIScam WEB-GIS has become indispensable because it allowed us to visualize, integrate and analyze all the data available, in order to obtain an accurate and direct picture of the seismotectonic setting of the area. Moreover, a different approach of data analysis was necessary, due to the lack of up-to-date neotectonic and structural data; therefore, the operation of this GIS system enabled us to process and generate some original informative layers, through image analysis, such as new structural lineaments represented on a map of the potential active faults of the area, which has been the final result of our application, as a contribution to new knowledge about the local seismic risk parameters.  相似文献   

JD直连式深孔绳索取心钻杆的研制与应用          下载免费PDF全文

许华松  覃强华  熊海书 《探矿工程》2008,35(10):33-35

根据深部找矿的需要,立足于我国目前钻探设备现状和材料冶炼及机械加工水平,通过对钻杆选材、结构、制造工艺的创新,研制了一种两端镦粗后整体热处理再车螺纹的新型深孔绳索取心钻杆及配套钻具,经使用,效果达到了设计要求。  相似文献   

旋流除砂机理研究及自动旋流除砂器的开发          下载免费PDF全文

张学强  鄢泰宁 《探矿工程》2008,35(11):34-36

旋流除砂技术是利用离心力从泥浆中分离固相成分的技术,可广泛应用在地质钻探、有色、冶金工业及石油天然气工业领域。研制开发的自动旋流除砂器弥补了传统除砂器固相成分分离效果不佳、排砂口易堵的缺陷,显著提高泥浆或矿浆的净化质量与除砂效率,且能自动排堵,降低了除砂工作的时间消耗和成本。  相似文献   

水平定向钻进非开挖铺管技术市场分析     

袁明昕 《探矿工程》2008,35(10):49-51

重点分析了近几年我国水平定向钻进铺管钻机和施工市场的发展趋势,结合国外的水平定向钻进市场发展分析,总结了我国水平定向钻进技术与市场的发展态势。  相似文献   

TBM在不良地质洞条件下的施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

刘大军  张益忠 《探矿工程》2008,35(10):60-65

TBM掘进机以其快速、高效、安全、优质等优点越来越广泛地被应用于隧洞开挖施工中,尤其更适用于深埋超长隧洞,然而在不良地质洞段中TBM掘进缓慢,甚至有卡刀可能,反而不如钻爆法灵活,这就需要根据围岩性状采取特殊技术处理措施,辅以监控量测手段对支护方案进行验证、调整支护措施、修正设计参数等。结合辽宁大伙房输水隧洞工程,总结了在不良地质洞条件下的超前地质预报方法、不良地质段处理措施以及围岩变形监测方法。  相似文献   

旋挖钻机与转盘钻机组合施工法的应用          下载免费PDF全文

骆嘉成 《探矿工程》2008,35(11):65-67

对旋挖钻机、转盘钻机各自特点和施工成本进行对比分析,提出组合施工方法设想,并通过工程实例得到成功实践,为以后类似工程提供借鉴。客观地提出了旋挖钻机的使用条件和面临的问题。  相似文献   

软硬互层金刚石复合片钻头在地浸砂岩型铀矿中的研究及应用          下载免费PDF全文

要二仓  邢预恩  杨爱军 《探矿工程》2008,35(1):68-70

针对近年在巴音戈壁盆地及鄂尔多斯盆地钻探所遇到的复杂地质情况,研究试验了PDC钻头,在地浸砂岩铀矿钻探生产中取得了良好的效果,并制定总结了相应的钻进参数.  相似文献   

存储式岩心定向取心技术应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

周策  陈文俊  石绍云  汤国起 《探矿工程》2008,35(7):77-79

采用岩心定向取心技术不仅可以迅速而方便地确定地下矿层和结构面的产状,而且还可以判断矿层的走向,了解地层倾向,预测钻孔弯曲的趋势。介绍了存储式岩心定向取心原理、关键技术问题、器具构成、技术参数以及现场应用情况。  相似文献