运城市地下水资源开发利用的问题及对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨海珍 《地下水》2004,26(3):185-186,199

通过对运城市平原区地下水超量开采引起的环境地质问题以及工业废水、生活污水对地下水的污染状况的分析,基于可持续发展思想,提出加强沿黄地下水水源地的建设开发,加大节水灌溉设施建设,调整开采层位,对地下水资源合理定价,严格控制工业废水及生活污水对地下水资源的污染等一系列对策措施.  相似文献   

长江中下游地区铜金（钼）矿Re-Os年龄测定及其对成矿作用的指示   总被引：123，自引：16，他引：123       下载免费PDF全文

毛景文  Holly STEIN  杜安道  周涛发  梅燕雄  李永峰  藏文栓  李进文 《地质学报》2004,78(1):121-131

长江中下游是中国东部一个重要的Cu-Au-Fe-Mo矿成矿带。笔者等在5个夕卡岩-斑岩Cu-Au-Mo矿区采集了11件辉钼矿样品,在铜陵地区大团山层控夕卡岩Cu-Au-Mo矿体采集了5件辉钼矿样品进行Re-Os同位素年龄测定。在对16件样品进行ICP-MS方法测定的同时,还利用NTIMS方法对其中9件样品进行了精测,两种方法测定的结果基本吻合。16件辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄为134.7±2.3～143.7±1.6Ma(2σ)。其中大团山铜矿区的5件样品的模式年龄更为接近,分布范围为 138.0± 3.2～140.8±2.0 Ma,平均 139.3±2.6Ma,其等时线年龄为 139.1±2.7Ma,初始Os为0.7±8.1(MSWD=0.29)。这些结果清楚地反映出夕卡岩-斑岩Cu-Au-Fe-Mo矿床与层控夕卡岩Cu-Au-Mo矿床为同一时代形成,属于同一成矿系统。作为中国东部大规模成矿作用的组成部分,长江中下游地区铜钼金矿床的形成与岩石圈构造体制大转换之地球动力学事件相耦合,为中生代第二期大规模成矿作用的产物。  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江缝合带中部硅岩地球化学特征及构造环境制约   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

孙立新  万晓樵  贾建称  胡华斌 《地质学报》2004,78(3):380-389

硅岩在雅鲁藏布江缝合带广泛发育。在 1∶ 2 5万萨嘎县幅、桑桑区幅区域地质调查中 ,在缝合带及其南侧宗卓组中识别出 3种硅岩沉积组合 :1嘎学群内与玄武岩伴生的硅岩 ;2构造混杂带内夹于页岩中的硅岩 ;3宗卓组内夹于页岩—岩屑石英杂砂岩的硅岩。在硅岩中分离出的放射虫组合时代为白垩纪。运用地球化学研究手段 ,对硅岩岩石组合、岩石化学、微量元素和稀土元素特征进行了综合分析 ,与玄武岩伴生的硅岩 Al/ (Al Fe Mn)为 0 .5 33～ 0 .5 4 6 <0 .6 19(除 9号样外 ) ,Ce/ Ce* 为 0 .6 7(平均 ) ,L an/ Ybn为 0 .83～ 1.37和 L an/ Cen为0 .82～ 2 .2 3;夹于页岩中的硅岩 Al/ (Al Fe Mn)为 0 .5 5 7～ 0 .6 19,Ce/ Ce*为 0 .995～ 1.35 0 ,L an/ Ybn为 0 .71～ 1.0 3和 L an/ Cen为 0 .6 8～ 0 .98;宗卓组内的硅岩 Al/ (Al Fe Mn)为 0 .6 15～ 0 .70 7>0 .6 19,Ce/ Ce* 为 0 .94～1.14 ,L an/ Ybn 为 1.4 4～ 1.6 6和 L an/ Cen 为 0 .85～ 1.0 7。研究证实 ,3种背景的硅岩均反映非热水或生物成因。嘎学群内与玄武岩伴生的硅岩具深水盆地沉积特征 ;宗卓组中的硅岩具典型大陆边缘沉积环境特征 ;构造混杂带内的硅岩形成于近大陆边缘环境中  相似文献   

Structural features and petroleum geology of the fold-thrust belt in the southern Tarim basin, China     

Zhou Xinyuan  LUO Jinhai  WANG Qinghua 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z2)

The west Kunlun fold-thrust belt (WKFTB) and the Altun fold-thrust belt (AFTB) are respectively located in the southern margin of the Tarim basin, NW China. The analyses of typical structures and regional dynamics of the fold-thrust belts reveal their different structural and petroleum features and mechanisms. WKFTB differs from AFTB by abundant fault-related folds and triangles zones, and was formed by northward extrusion of the west Kunlun orogen. AFTB was affected synchronously by northward extrusion of the Altun orogen and the sinistral strike-slipping of the Altun Fault, so it is characterized by the minor scale and the monotonous structural styles. The Aqike anticline and the Aqike fault, of which the strikes are orthogonal to the strike of the fold-thrust belts, are regarded as the adjustive structures between both of the fold-thrust belts. The oil-gas pools of WKFTB develop mainly in the faulted-related anticline traps, but the oil-gas pools of AFTB develop mainly in the low fault-block and anticlines traps related with the paleo-uplifts. There are different exploration countermeasures for both of the fold-thrust belts.  相似文献   

Sedimentary environment and development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds:Middle and Upper Proterozoic in northern North China     

BAO Zhidong  CHEN Jianfa  ZHANG Shuichang  Zhao Hongwen  Zhang qinghai  LI Yan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z2)

Problem on development control of marine source bed hold in Chinese petroleum industry progression. The Hongshuizhuang Formation,Tieling Formation and Xiamaling Formation in the Middle and Upper Proterozoic are important hydrocarbon source beds in northern North China, and investigation of their sedimentary environments and the controls has great significance for petroleum exploration in North China. Based on sedimentology (sequence stratigraphy), palaeoecology, sedimentary geochemistry, and sedimentary palaeogeography, their development pattern is discussed. All these studies indicate that the development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds include a favorite palaeogeographic location, exceeding propagation of biomes in low and middle latitudes, anoxic environments, enrichment of phosphorus element and the adsorption of clay minerals during the preservation of organic matter in the marine carbonates.  相似文献   

Blown‐sand transport rate     

Jinren Ni  Zhenshan Li  Cesar Mendoza 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(1):1-14

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Controls on modern alluvial fan processes in the central Alps,northern Italy     

Giovanni B. Crosta  Paolo Frattini 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(3):267-293

Alluvial fan development in Alpine areas is often affected by catastrophic sedimentary processes associated with extreme ?oods events, causing serious risks for people living on the fans. Hazard assessment in these areas depends on proper identi?cation of the dominant sedimentary processes on the fans. Data from a set of 209 alluvial fans from the central Alps of Italy are presented in this paper and analysed with the help of various statistical techniques (linear regression, principal components analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and logistic regression). First, we used modern sedimentary facies and historical records (?ood events since 15th century), to distinguish between the two dominant sedimentary processes on alluvial fans: debris ?ows and stream?ows. Then, in order to analyse the main controls on past and present fan processes, 36 morphological, geological and land‐use variables were analysed. As with observations for arid‐environment fans, catchment morphology is the most in?uential factor in the study area, whereas geology and land use are minor controls. The role of climatic change and landsliding within the catchments also seems to be very important and is discussed. Statistical techniques also help in differentiating groups of alluvial fans by sets of controlling factors, including stage and type of evolution. Finally, by using discriminant analysis and logistic regression, we classi?ed alluvial fans according to the dominant sedimentary process, with a success rate ranging between 75 and 92 per cent. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Monitoring and modelling of pore water pressure changes and riverbank stability during flow events   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Massimo Rinaldi  Nicola Casagli  Stefano Dapporto  Alessandro Gargini 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(2):237-254

Pore water pressures (positive and negative) were monitored for four years (1996–1999) using a series of tensiometer‐piezometers at increasing depths in a riverbank of the Sieve River, Tuscany (central Italy), with the overall objective of investigating pore pressure changes in response to ?ow events and their effects on bank stability. The saturated/unsaturated ?ow was modelled using a ?nite element seepage analysis, for the main ?ow events occurring during the four‐year monitoring period. Modelling results were validated by comparing measured with computed pore water pressure values for a series of representative events. Riverbank stability analysis was conducted by applying the limit equilibrium method (Morgenstern‐Price), using pore water pressure distributions obtained by the seepage analysis. The simulation of the 14 December 1996 event, during which a bank failure occurred, is reported in detail to illustrate the relations between the water table and river stage during the various phases of the hydrograph and their effects on bank stability. The simulation, according to monitored data, shows that the failure occurred three hours after the peak stage, during the inversion of ?ow (from the bank towards the river). A relatively limited development of positive pore pressures, reducing the effective stress and annulling the shear strength term due to the matric suction, and the sudden loss of the con?ning pressure of the river during the initial drawdown were responsible for triggering the mass failure. Results deriving from the seepage and stability analysis of nine selected ?ow events were then used to investigate the role of the ?ow event characteristics (in terms of peak stages and hydrograph characteristics) and of changes in bank geometry. Besides the peak river stage, which mainly controls the occurrence of conditions of instability, an important role is played by the hydrograph characteristics, in particular by the presence of one or more minor peaks in the river stage preceding the main one. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dynamic performance of twin curved cable‐stayed bridges     

C. Gentile  F. Martinez y Cabrera 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(1):15-34

The dynamic behaviour of two curved cable‐stayed bridges, recently constructed in northern Italy, has been investigated by full‐scale testing and theoretical models. Two different excitation techniques were employed in the dynamic tests: traffic‐induced ambient vibrations and free vibrations. Since the modal behaviour identified from the two types of test are very well correlated and a greater number of normal modes was detected during ambient vibration tests, the validity of the ambient vibration survey is assessed in view of future monitoring. For both bridges, 11 vibration modes were identified in the frequency range of 0ndash;10Hz, being a one‐to‐one correspondence between the observed modes of the two bridges. Successively, the information obtained from the field tests was used to validate and improve 3D finite elements so that the dynamic performance of the two systems were assessed and compared based on both the experimental results and the updated theoretical models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Carbon isotopic studies of individual lipids in organisms from the Nansha sea area, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

DUAN Yi    SONG Jinming & ZHANG Hui . Lanzhou Institute of Geology  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Lanzhou  China  . School of Geology  Lanzhou University  Lanzhou  China  . Institute of Oceanology  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Qingdao  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(7):593-598

Sediments contain abundant lipid compounds in general, which are used as biomarker compounds to study organic matter sources and reconstruct the pa-laeoenvironments[1—7]. However, lipid compounds in sediments are generally a mixture of various genetic components so that it is difficult to correctly decouple their biological sources only by the results of bio-chemical researches. Carbon isotopic studies of indi-vidual sedimentary lipid compounds can discover their genetic information, which pr…  相似文献