科技管理兼盈——纪念程裕淇院士诞辰110周年     

耿元生 《地质学报》2022,96(9):2955-2966

程裕淇院士是我国著名的变质岩石学家、矿床学家和前寒武纪地质学家。中国科学院学部委员(院士)，中国人民政治协商会议第四届、第五届全国委员会委员，第六届、第七届全国政协常务委员会委员。程裕淇先生开拓了我国变质岩研究领域，提出了矿床成矿系列理论，发展了我国前寒武纪地质学。他在管理上积极推进地质行业的对外开放，促进国际合作交流，为建立中央直属的野战军队伍建言献策；在政协多次提案，推动了我国矿产资源法的立法和实施。  相似文献   

基于遥感影像大数据、卷积神经网络的福建省有效致灾雷电分布模型及应用     

张烨方  刘冰  冯真祯  朱彪 《气象科技》2021,49(6):953-959

为了研究福建省有效致灾雷电的分布情况，基于福建省2004—2012年闪电定位数据及雷击人员伤亡数据、福建省L17级谷歌遥感影像瓦片，引入卷积神经网络模型对遥感影像所在区域是否属于人员活动的属性进行建模、训练和预测，得到福建省人员活动属性的格点产品，结合福建省历史雷电数据对有效致灾的雷电分布情况进行了分析，结果表明：①设计的遥感影像+CNN识别模型具有一定的可行性和准确率，通过显著性水平为0.01的假设检验；②福建省有63.55%的格点为无人员活动区域；③平均有45.36%的闪电落在无人员活动的区域，因地制宜地对其他致灾闪电进行预警是提高应急减灾服务效果的可行途径；④有效致灾雷电密度与历史雷击人员伤亡数据的相关性远大于常规雷电密度与历史雷击人员伤亡数据的相关性，有效致灾雷电分布在表征雷电灾害上比常规雷电分布更具有指示意义。  相似文献   

Heavy metals in stream sediments from copper and gold mining areas in southern Brazil     

Maria Heloisa D. Pestana  Milton L.L. Formoso  Elba C. Teixeir 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,58(2-3)

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New paleomagnetic results from the Aegean extensional province     

Haubold  Herbert  Scholger  Robert  Kondopoulou  Despina  Mauritsch  Hermann J. 《Geologie en Mijnbouw》1997,76(1-2):45-55

Various Oligocene formations from NE Greece (ignimbrites from the Medousa area, rhyolites from Zagradenia, granodiorites from Elatia) show discordant paleomagnetic signatures, in each case indicating small cw (clockwise) rotation and also inclination flattening. Marls from Pithion were partly remagnetized in a present-day field. Samples that contain ancient magnetization components also indicate small cw rotation and inclination flattening. However, the magnetization of andesites from Peplos reflects a considerably larger rotation, likely owing to local tectonics. In the context of previous work in the area, these results are used to propose a subdivision of NE Greece into four structural zones of distinctive rotational behaviour (from east to west): sites in zone 1, east of the Kavala-Xanthi-Komotini fault (KXK), show various cw and ccw (counterclockwise) rotation angles owing to complex kinematics resulting from the interaction of the KXK and the north-Anatolian fault zone. However, zone 2, between the KXK and the Strymon valley, is structurally homogeneous ( 10° cw rotation). The paleomagnetic signature of the Vertiskos massif (zone 3) implies a larger (> 30°) cw rotation, whereas sites in the Vardar basin (zone 4) contain a paleomagnetic signature similar to that of zone 2. This suggests a motion of the Vertiscos massif, a meta-ophiolitic nappe, relative to underlying strata. Indeed, zones 2 and 4 may be parts of the same structural unit which underlies this nappe.  相似文献   

Impact cratering - a review,with special reference to the economic importance of impact structures and the Southern African impact crater record     

W. U. Reimold 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1995,70(1-3):21-45

Only since several decades has impact cratering been recognized as an important surface process on all planetary bodies in the Solar System. However, as the process has not yet been effectively introduced into geological curricula, it is necessary to inform a wider public about its importance for (i) planetary formation and (ii) evolution, (iii) the understanding of this process as a geological process, (iv) the terrestrial impact crater record and its limitations, and (v) the recognition criteria for terrestrial impact structures, as well as (vi) the need of improvement of the impact cratering record in the light of the potential danger of an impact catastrophe on this planet. It is, particularly for developing countries, of interest to examine the economic and educational-environmental potential of impact structures. That it is possible to carry out an effective, low-budget geological investigation of impact structures within a Second World environment is demonstrated by the discussion of the progress that has been made in recent years with regard to the Southern African impact crater record. Several recommendations on how to improve, on the one hand, the terrestrial impact crater record and, on the other, their general working situation by activation of workers in Developing Countries are discussed.  相似文献   

Analysis of the effect of geology, soil properties, and land use on groundwater quality using multivariate statistical and GIS methods     

Jin-Soo Lee Kyung-Seok Ko Tong-Kwon Kim Jae Gon Kim Seong-Hyun Cho In-Suk Oh 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):152-152

The regional survey of groundwater used as a small water supply system was performed to know the effect of geology, soil properties and land use on groundwater quality at Nonsan City, Korea. A total of 126 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed at the study area. The multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis, and GIS technique were used for the quantitative interpretation of groundwater quality. The study area is mainly composed of Precambrian gneiss, Jurassic granite, and Cretaceous volcanics, and metasedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon zone. The land use was grouped as paddy, upland, grassland, resident, point source, industrial area, and water system. The soil properties were classified as 4 major groups, Entisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols, by the degree of development, and reclassified as 11 subgroups. The modified and simplified geologic map, soil map, and land use map were made by using ARCGIS soft-ware. The area of geology, soil property, and land use affecting the groundwater quality for each well were also calculated by ARCGIS soft-ware to acquire the quantitative parameters for multivariate statistical analysis. The monitoring results of groundwater in the study area showed that 13%-21% of the groundwater samples exceeded the portable water guideline and the main causes were turbidity, bacteria, arsenic and nitrate-N. The spatial distribution of each component showed the close relationship between groundwater quality and geology reflecting the topography, land use.  相似文献   

Engineering geological studies and tunnel support design at Sulakyurt dam site, Turkey   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H. Basarir 《Engineering Geology》2006,86(4):225-237

This paper presents the results of engineering geological investigations and tunnel support design studies, carried out at the Sulakyurt dam site, northeast of Ankara, Turkey. The Sulakyurt dam will be used for flow control and water storage for irrigation projects. Studies were carried out both in the field and the laboratory. Field studies include engineering geological mapping, intensive discontinuity surveying, core drilling and sampling for laboratory testing. The diversion tunnel will be driven in rock mass, consisting of granite and diorite. Empirical, analytical and numerical methods were combined for safe tunnel design. Rock mass rating (RMR), Rock mass quality (Q) and Geological strength index (GSI) systems were used for empirical rock mass quality determination, site characterization and support design. The convergence–confinement method was used as analytical method and software called Phase², a 2D finite element program, was utilized as numerical method. According to the results acquired from the empirical, analytical and numerical methods, tunnel stability problems were expected in both granite and diorite rock masses. The support system, suggested by empirical methods, was applied and the performance of suggested support system was evaluated by means of numerical modelling. It was concluded that the suggested support systems were adequate, since after applying the suggested support system to granite and diorite, tunnel deformation and the yielded elements around the tunnel decreased significantly. Thus, it is suggested that for more reliable support design empirical, numerical and analytical methods should be combined.  相似文献   

日本自然灾害现状与新态势   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

毛德华  何梓霖  秋山道雄 《世界地理研究》2006,15(2):41-47

日本是一个多灾且严重的国家,依据最新资料,分析了日本自然灾害的现状特征;自然灾害影响社会经济发展,而社会经济变化可能成为新的致灾因素并形成新的灾害形式。本文特别对城市化、过疏化、高龄化和网络化与灾害进行了论述;最后论述了“自助”“共助”和“公助”三位一体的防灾基本对策的内容。这些对正处于高速经济发展和城市化的我国来说,具有重要的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

A north-south section across the Queyras Schistes lustrés (Piedmont zone, Western Alps): Syn-collision refolding of a subduction wedge     

Pierre Tricart  Stephane Schwartz 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2006,99(3):429-442

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遥感技术在煤炭地质中的应用现状及前景   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张文若  康高峰王永 《中国煤田地质》2006,18(2):5-8,59

介绍了遥感技术在煤炭资源调查和评价、煤矿区地质灾害调查和评估、生态环境及污染调查评价和监测以及煤矿三维可视化仿真规划系统建设方面的应用研究现状及所取得的主要成果，并结合遥感技术的发展方向，展望了其在煤炭地质中的应用前景。  相似文献