Oxygen isotope geothermometers for metamorphic rocks   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

A. MATTHEWS 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1994,12(3):211-219

The Chicago mineral-carbonate oxygen isotope fractionation curves have been combined with mineral-water fractionation data for jadeite, zoisite and rutile and new data for grossular-water to provide a set of self-consistent mineral-pair calibrations. The A coefficients in the equation 1000 In α= A × 10⁶T^-2 of the new mineral-pair fractionations are
Jadeite Zoisite Grossular Rutile
Quartz 1.69 2.00 3.03 5.02
Jadeite 0.31 1.34 3.33
Zoisite 1.03 3.02
Grossular 1.99
The isotopic fractionation properties of natural pyralspite garnet [(Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂] can be approximated by those of the grossular end-member. Appropriate substitutions also yield coefficients for the solid-solution minerals: sodic pyroxene and epidote, e.g.
A _{quartz-sodic pyroxene}= 2.75 - 1.06X_jd,
A _{quartz-epidote}= 2.00 + 0.75X_ps
where X _Jd and X _Ps are the mole fractions of the jadeite and pistacite components, respectively.
The new data set is particularly suitable for the geothermometry of metamorphic rocks. δ¹⁸O data from minerals of the high-pressure metamorphic rocks of the Sesia Zone of Italy and Cyclades Complex of Greece yield well-constrained mean temperatures of 572 and 478 C, respectively. Type III blueschist metabasalts of the Franciscan Formation of California give mean quartz-garnet temperatures of 354 C.  相似文献   

Oxygen isotope exchange and closure temperatures in cooling rocks   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

G. R. T. JENKIN  C. M. FARROW  A. E. FALLICK  D. HIGGINS 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1994,12(3):221-235

Retrograde exchange of oxygen isotopes between minerals in igneous and metamorphic rocks by means of diffusion is explored using a finite difference computer model, which predicts both the zonation profile of δ¹⁸O within grains, and the bulk δ¹⁸O value of each mineral in the rock. Apparent oxygen isotope equilibrium temperatures that would be observed in these rocks are calculated from the δ¹⁸O values of each mineral pair within the rock. In systems which cool linearly from a sufficiently high temperature or at a low enough cooling rate, such that the final oxygen isotope values are not dependent upon the initial oxygen isotope values ('slow cooling'), the apparent oxygen isotope temperature derived for a rock composed of a single mineral pair can be shown to be simply related to the Dodson closure temperatures ( T _c) for the two phases and the mode of the rock. Adding a third phase into a system which undergoes 'slow' cooling will cause the apparent temperature derived for the two minerals already present to differ from the simple relationship for a two-phase system. In some systems oxygen isotope reversals can be developed. If cooling is not 'slow', then the mineral δ¹⁸O values resulting from cooling will be partly dependent upon the initial temperature of the system concerned. The model successfully simulates the mineral δ¹⁸O values that are often observed in granitic rocks. Application of the model will help in assessing the validity of oxygen isotope thermometry in different geological settings, and allows quantitative prediction of the oxygen isotope fractionations that are developed in cooling closed systems.  相似文献   

Zoning patterns in orthopyroxene and garnet in granulites: implications for geothermometry   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

D. R. M. PATTISON  N. J. BÉGIN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1994,12(4):387-410

Compositional maps of orthopyroxene and garnet of contrasting grain size and in contact with different minerals were made from two paragneiss granulites from the Minto terrane of northern Quebec. The compositional maps provide clear evidence of late exchange of Fe/(Fe + Mg) after Ca in garnet and Al in orthopyroxene had been quenched-in. The extent of late Fe-Mg exchange was controlled by neighbouring minerals, with negligible Fe-Mg gradients against plagioclase and quartz, and substantial gradients against exchangeable Fe-Mg minerals. Cores of grains in contact with exchangeable Fe-Mg neighbours are progressively more reset in Fe/(Fe + Mg) as grain size decreases, whereas cores of even small grains surrounded by only plagioclase and quartz are not significantly different in Fe/(Fe + Mg) than cores of the largest grains. Gradients of Ca in garnet and of Al in orthopyroxene in grains of uniform Fe/(Fe + Mg) preserve a high-temperature retrograde history during which intergranular exchange effected compositional uniformity of mineral rims and intragranular Fe-Mg diffusion in garnet and orthopyroxene was rapid enough to homogenize Fe/(Fe + Mg). The transition from efficient intergranular exchange at relatively high temperatures to local Fe-Mg exchange at lower temperatures may have been controlled by loss of an intergranular exchange medium in the rock, possibly an internally generated dehydration melt phase. Implications for geothermometry of granulites include the following (numerical values are particular to this study): (1) core compositions of garnet and orthopyroxene grains in contact with exchangeable neighbours may be reset in Fe/(Fe + Mg) relative to the most refractory compositions by an amount equivalent to 120d? C; (2) Fe-Mg exchange thermometry using even the most refractory Fe/(Fe + Mg) compositions may not record peak granulite conditions, possibly recording instead the temperature at which an intergranular exchange medium was lost from the rock; and (3) temperature-sensitive net transfer equilibria involving Al solubility in orthopyroxene yield temperatures up to 150d? C higher than maximum Fe-Mg exchange temperatures, even in grains with flat Fe/(Fe - Mg) compositional profiles, making them a better means of estimating peak granulite temperatures than Fe-Mg exchange thermometry.  相似文献   

The effects of ferromagnesian components on the paragonite-muscovite solvus: a semiquantitative analysis based on chemical data for natural paragonite-muscovite pairs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

C. V. GUIDOTTI  F. P. SASSI  R. SASSI  J. G. BLENCOE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1994,12(6):779-788

Chemical data for 139 natural paragonite-muscovite (Pg-Ms) pairs illustrate the effects of ferromagnesian components on the P-T-X topology of the Pg-Ms solvus. The pairs were selected on the basis of: reasonably accurate knowledge of the P-T conditions of formation; evidence for close approach to equilibrium at peak metamorphic conditions; exclusion of pairs in which paragonite contains more than 5 mol% margarite; and exclusion of pairs from polymetamorphic rocks that contain more than one set of cogenetic Pg-Ms pairs. Graphical analysis reveals considerable scatter in the data; nevertheless, it is evident that the muscovite limb of the solvus shifts markedly toward end-member muscovite with increasing pressure from approximately 7 kbar to 21 kbar. This shift is attributed to a pressure-induced increase of the ferromagnesian content of muscovite, which increases the size of the XII alkali site - to the effect that K is more readily accommodated than Na. The data also suggest that the paragonite limb of the solvus migrates slightly toward end-member paragonite with increasing pressure. Broadening of the Pg-Ms solvus with increasing pressure reflects increasingly nonideal Na-K mixing as the phengite content of muscovite increases. Due to the wide scatter of data for Pg-phengitic-Ms pairs, it is concluded that, at the present time, Pg-Ms solvus thermometry is only viable for quasibinary Pg-Ms pairs.  相似文献   

Improved Preproduction Conceptual-Numerical Model of the Roosevelt Geothermal Field using Geological,Geochemical and Structural Information     

YU Han  XU Tianfu  YUAN Yilong  FENG Guanhong 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(6):1805-1815

The Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA) is a Basin and Range-type geothermal resource, which is located in southwestern Utah. The integrated multicomponent geothermometry (IMG) approach is used to estimate the reservoir temperature at the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. Geothermometric modeling results indicate the deep reservoir temperature is approximately 284.6°C. A conceptual model of the Roosevelt Hot Spring KGRA is provided through integrating the various pieces of exploration information, including the geological data, geothermometric results, temperature well log and field evidence. A two-dimensional cross-sectional model was thus built to quantitatively investigate the coupled thermal-hydraulic processes in the Roosevelt geothermal field. By matching the preproduction temperature log data of deep wells, parameters controlling flow and heat transport are identified. The method and model presented here may be useful for other geothermal fields with similar conditions.  相似文献   

Towards a Higher Comparability of Geothermometric Data Obtained by Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material. Part 2: A Revised Geothermometer          下载免费PDF全文

N. Keno Lünsdorf  István Dunkl  Burkhard C. Schmidt  Gerd Rantitsch  Hilmar von Eynatten 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2017,41(4):593-612

The estimation of the peak metamorphic temperature by Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) is influenced by several bias sources grouped in measuring conditions, spectral processing and sample heterogeneity. The measuring conditions (selected excitation wavelength) and the operator bias during spectral processing have a pronounced impact on the temperature estimate and thus on the comparability and portability of thermometric data obtained by RSCM. Several calibration lines of RSCM geothermometers are published already, but no standardised approach exists. Samples of carbonaceous material bearing metasediments with well‐established metamorphic conditions of the central and western Alps compile a reference series. By applying an automated, iterative and randomised curve‐fitting approach, a consistent and user input‐independent RSCM geothermometer is presented, which covers peak metamorphic temperatures from ca. 160 to 600 °C. The method is hardware independent because the measuring conditions bias is excluded by the use of the reference series and the automated curve‐fitting approach reduces the spectral processing bias effectively, increasing the method's comparability and portability. By distributing the reference series and the automated curve‐fitting software, a laboratory will be able to derive a laboratory specific calibration line for the RSCM geothermometer.  相似文献   

赣中变质岩带变质带的重新划分及变质作用P-T条件的确定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡恭任  于瑞莲 《化工矿产地质》2004,26(2):65-75

根据随变质作用增强而出现的特征变质矿物及矿物组合,对赣中变质岩带重新划分出五个变质带,由低到高依次为绢云母一绿泥石带、黑云母带、铁铝榴石带、十字石带、夕线石带。在对各变质带变质矿物进行详细研究的基础上,采用石榴石-黑云母(Gt-Bi)、斜长石-角闪石(Pl-Hb)、石榴石-十字石(Gt-St)、石榴石-角闪石(Gt-Hb)、石榴石-斜长石-夕线石-石英(Gt-Pl-Sil-Q)、石榴石-斜长石-黑云母-白云母(Gt-Pl-Bi-Mu)等多种地质温压计确定了各变质带的形成温度、压力,绢云母-绿泥石带的形成温度为250-350℃,压力为0.25-0.35GPa;黑云母带的形成温度为350-450℃±,压力为0.25-0.40GPa±;铁铝榴石带的形成温度为450-550℃±,压力为0.40～0.60GPa±;十字石带的形成温度为550-600℃±,压力为0.50-0.60GPa±;夕线石带的形成温度为600-650℃±,压力为0.55-0.65GPa±,赣中变质岩带峰期变质作用已达到角闪岩相。  相似文献   

Geochemistry of the thermal springs of Mount Taftan,southeastern Iran     

Ata Shakeri  Farid Moore  Mazda Kompani-Zare 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

Thermal and cold water chemistry from the southern flank of Mount Taftan was investigated in order to discriminate among hydrochemical facies, isotopic characteristics, geothermal reservoir and identify the major geochemical processes that affect water composition.  相似文献   

Prograde, peak, and retrograde P–T paths from aluminium in orthopyroxene: High-temperature contact metamorphism in the aureole of the Makhavinekh Lake Pluton, Nain Plutonic Suite, Labrador     

C. R. M. McFarlane  W. D. Carlson  J. N. Connelly 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2003,21(5):405-423

Static heating during intrusion of the Makhavinekh Lake Pluton (MLP) caused replacement of garnet in the adjacent country rocks (Tasiuyak Gneiss) by coronal assemblages of orthopyroxene + cordierite. Thermometry based on Al solubility in orthopyroxene, applied to relict garnet and neighbouring orthopyroxene, preserves a temperature gradient from 700 to 900 °C at distances between 5750 and 20 m from the intrusion, reaffirming the robustness of this thermometry technique. Intracrystalline and intergranular variations of Al zoning in orthopyroxene are well‐preserved, suggesting that little diffusional modification of Al growth zoning occurred. Maximum Al₂O₃ in orthopyroxene ranges from c. 2.0 wt% at 5750 m from the intrusion to a maximum of 4.3 wt% at the contact. Individual orthopyroxene grains show decreasing Al from core to rim in samples < 500 m from the intrusion, while those at greater distances show an increase from core to rim. These features are interpreted with the aid of numerical models for conductive heat flow in the aureole. Coronas in samples close to the intrusion grew at high temperatures and along T‐t paths dominated by cooling, so maximum Al content in orthopyroxene in these samples occurs in the cores of grains that grew during the earliest stages of garnet consumption. In contrast, the corona‐forming reactions in rocks further from the contact proceeded along prograde heating paths, so maximum Al content in orthopyroxene occurs in the rims of grains that grew during the final stages of garnet consumption. These results document the ability of Al‐in‐orthopyroxene thermometry to preserve a detailed record of thermal histories in contact‐metamorphic granulites; they suggest that similar intracrystalline and intergranular variations of Al zoning in orthopyroxene in regional granulites may also preserve portions of both the prograde and peak‐T evolution.  相似文献   

Mutual replacement reactions in alkali feldspars II: trace element partitioning and geothermometry     

Ian Parsons  Charles W. Magee  Charlotte M. Allen  J. M. G. Shelley  Martin R. Lee 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,157(5):663-687

Perthitic alkali feldspar primocrysts in layered syenites in the Klokken intrusion in South Greenland, underwent dissolution–reprecipitation reactions in a circulating post-magmatic aqueous fluid at ~450°C, and are to a large degree pseudomorphs. These ‘mutual replacement’ reactions provide a perfect natural experiment with which to study trace element partitioning between sodium and potassium feldspars growing simultaneously. The reactant ‘phase’ was a cryptoperthitic feldspar consisting of low albite and low microcline in a coherent sub-μm ‘braid’ intergrowth and the product phases were ‘strain-free’ incoherent subgrains of low albite and low microcline forming microporous patch perthites on scales up to 200 μm. The driving force for the reaction was reduction of coherency strain energy. The mechanisms of this process are described in Part I. Five mixed braid perthite–patch perthite crystals were analysed for major and trace elements using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a 19 μm beam diameter. This gave bulk analyses of the braid texture, which were in the range Ab_73–54Or_45–27An_4.3–0.8, but could resolve Ab- and Or-rich patches in patch perthite. The major element bulk compositions of the crystals were retained during the replacement reactions. Major components in patches plot on tielines in the Ab–Or–An ternary system that pass through or very close to the parent braid perthite composition and indicate local equilibrium on the scale of a few tens of mm. Many trace elements, including REE, were lost to the fluid during the deuteric reactions, but the effect is large only for Fe and Ti. Cs, Pb and Sr were added to some crystals. Plots of log distribution coefficient D for Rb, Ba, Pb, Eu²⁺, La and Ce between Or- and Ab-rich patches against ionic radius are straight lines, assuming eightfold coordination, and to a first approximation are independent of ionic charge. K also lies on these lines, and the smaller ions Na and Ca lie close to them. The best linear fits were obtained using ionic radii for ^[8]K and ^[8]Ca, but there is ambiguity as to whether ^[7]Na or ^[5]Na is most appropriate. The linear relationship shows that the listed trace elements are in the feldspar M-site rather than in inclusions. Tl is in M although an exact D could not be obtained. The very large Cs ion partitions strongly into the Or-rich phase but its D value appears to be less than predicted by extrapolation. The near-linearity arises because partitioning is occurring between two solids into sites which have similar Young’s moduli, so that the parabolas that normally represent trace element partitioning between crystals and liquids (which have negligible shear strength) approximately cancel out. Ga and Be are in T-sites, as well as some of the Fe and Ti present, although part is in oxide inclusions. The site of Sc is unclear, but if structural it is likely to be T. Partitioning on M-sites is a potential geothermometer but because the effective size of the irregular M-site is defined by its K and (Na + Ca) contents, which are controlled by ternary solvus relationships, its calibration is not independent of conventional two-feldspar geothermometers. Trace elements may however provide a useful means of confirming that feldspar pairs are in equilibrium, and of recognising feldspar intergrowths produced by non-isochemical replacement rather than exsolution. Two-feldspar geothermometry for the ternary phases in the low-albite microcline patch perthites gives temperatures above the stability range of microcline, markedly so if a correction is made for Si–Al ordering. This is probably because current geothermometers are too sensitive to low concentrations of An in ordered Or-rich feldspars. This interpretation is supported by two-feldspar assemblages growing at known temperatures in geothermal systems and sedimentary basins. This paper and the earlier Part I are dedicated in the memory of J. V. Smith and W. L. Brown, both of whom died in 2007, in acknowledgement of their unrivalled contributions to the study of the feldspar minerals over more than half a century. An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献