浮力装置触发深海管道水平向整体屈曲效果的数值模拟研究     

曹洋  张淑华  孙林 《海洋通报》2019,38(6):719-726

海洋油气资源的运输主要通过海底管道进行,管道在工作时受到较大的温度荷载,会产生整体屈曲变形。深海管道设计中常采用人为装置触发一定程度的水平向整体屈曲变形,来释放轴向的温度应力,浮力装置是常用的触发方式之一。本文通过数值模拟研究,分析了不同浮力大小和不同浮力施加范围下,管道水平向整体屈曲的临界屈曲力,得出临界屈曲力随浮力大小和施加范围变化的情况;并研究了不同土体阻力下,浮力装置触发整体屈曲的效果。研究表明,水平向土体阻力较大时,浮力装置触发水平向整体屈曲的效果较好。浮力装置的触发效果对轴向土体阻力不敏感。  相似文献   

Semantic segmentation of high spatial resolution images with deep neural networks     

Haiping Yang  Jiancheng Luo  Fang Chen 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(5):749-768

Availability of reliable delineation of urban lands is fundamental to applications such as infrastructure management and urban planning. An accurate semantic segmentation approach can assign each pixel of remotely sensed imagery a reliable ground object class. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning architecture to perform the pixel-level understanding of high spatial resolution remote sensing images. Both local and global contextual information are considered. The local contexts are learned by the deep residual net, and the multi-scale global contexts are extracted by a pyramid pooling module. These contextual features are concatenated to predict labels for each pixel. In addition, multiple additional losses are proposed to enhance our deep learning network to optimize multi-level features from different resolution images simultaneously. Two public datasets, including Vaihingen and Potsdam datasets, are used to assess the performance of the proposed deep neural network. Comparison with the results from the published state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.  相似文献   

地震预警现地PGV连续预测的最小二乘支持向量机模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

宋晋东  余聪  李山有 《地球物理学报》2021,64(2):555-568

为提升现地仪器地震烈度预测的准确性与连续性,研究面向地震预警的PGV连续预测模型.以中国仪器地震烈度标准的计算参数:0.1～10 Hz带通滤波三分向矢量合成速度峰值PGV为预测目标,利用日本K-net与KiK-net台网P波触发后1?10 s强震数据,基于人工智能中的机器学习方法-最小二乘支持向量机,选取7种特征参数作...  相似文献   

气候系统预测:基础创新和集成应用          下载免费PDF全文

王会军  戴永久  杨崧  李天明  罗京佳  尹志聪  段明铿  周放  张艺佳 《大气科学学报》2024,47(2):161-172

随着全球变暖,极端天气气候事件增强,天气气候灾害造成的损失也愈发严重。当前气候预测的准确性远远不能满足社会需要,气候系统预测理论和方法面临着众多挑战性问题。为提档气候预测科学水平和准确率,由南京信息工程大学和中山大学承担的“气候系统预测研究中心”获得国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目支持(2021年1月—2025年12月)。在该项目执行的前三年,项目团队开展了大量深入系统的研究,并取得了若干重要进展:1)揭示了气候系统的若干关键变化、驱动力和机制;2)剖析了海-陆-冰-气相互作用对我国重大极端气候事件的影响;3)在气候系统数值模式研发和预测系统集成方面取得重要进展;4)发展了延伸期-S2S-年代际的气候系统预测理论和方法。本文对这些进展作了扼要介绍,并针对气候与环境变化归因、古今气候环境研究融合、跨时空气候系统变异和极端气候、人工智能与气候科学、年代际预测和风险应对体系等关键科学问题做了展望。  相似文献   

长江-淮河流域短时暴雨洪涝灾害危险性预警评估及验证     

邵佳丽  王新  郑啸 《气象科技》2023,51(5):738-746

洪涝灾害危险性预警分析是防灾减灾的重要基础,在灾害发生前进行预警,可以有效减轻灾害带来的影响。本文以2020年6—8月长江-淮河流域洪涝灾害为研究案例,首次利用前3天累计降水量(前期状态),当前时次土壤湿度(当前状态)和预测日降水量(未来状态)作为致灾因子,基于改进的层次分析法建立危险性预警分析模型。通过县域灾情信息验证表明,评估正确率达74.46%,遗漏率仅5.59%,评估结果与实际灾情吻合性好;同时对预警准确性和时相一致性进行评价,最大值(县内最高指数)的预警率达到81.6%;“特大型”暴雨洪涝灾害中的预警达到77.3%以上,且灾害在前3~5天危险性指数普遍提升,存在有效预警。本文方法对于长江—淮河流域短时暴雨洪涝灾害危险性预警有较好的准确性和可靠性,可提供防灾减灾决策依据。  相似文献   

基于FY-4A卫星数据的短时强降水监测预警指标     

邵建  何劲夫  陈敏  张亚刚  张肃诏  邵雅涵 《气象科技》2024,52(1):141-150

选取2018—2021年汛期短时强降水天气过程,利用相关性分析、箱线图法和极值统计法,尝试研究FY-4A卫星产品在短时强降水天气过程中的监测预警指标。研究表明：(1)FY-4A卫星多通道数据可以作为短时强降水监测预警的定量化指标予以应用。(2)筛选出相关性较好的13项产品统计出短时强降水的监测预警指标,其中赋值类指标4项,数值判别类指标9项(含辅助指标3项);初步设定13项指标中有9项达标时,短时强降水会发生。(3)在评估基础上完善了指标,监测预警效果有所提高,TS评分提高5.4%,空报率降低2.7%,漏报率降低1.9%。  相似文献   

改进的单纯形法及其在非线性参数估计中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

李春风  许承权  蒲文利 《海洋测绘》2009,29(6):14-16

采用了改进的单纯形法,该算法利用遗传算法的变异操作来增强单纯形法的全局搜索能力,既兼顾了全局收敛性,又具有高效的局部搜索能力。并通过实例验证了该算法的优越性,以及应用于测量上的非线性最小二乘估计的可行性。  相似文献   

基于等角比例投影的球面三角四叉树剖分模型   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

袁文 《遥感学报》2009,13(1):103-111

将人不可及的观测统称为遥感,使地面传感器成为遥感的一部分.提出遥感科学与技术的基本内容,包括传感器研制、遥感数据获取、数据处理、信息提取和应用5个部分.其理论基础是辐射传输过程模拟与反演,贯穿于各个组成部分.数据的可视化及传输发布存在于从数据获取到应用的各个环节.遥感科学与技术正处于快速发展时期,各个方面都有前沿问题.辐射传输理论中的尺度和多角度问题,地形对辐射和图像几何影响及相应的多源多时相数据的匹配问题,遥感信息提取中自动化和目视解译的结合以及信息提取新策略问题,遥感与基于过程模拟的气候一水文-生态模式相结合的四维数据同化技术等是当前遥感科学与技术发展中的重要学科前沿.四维数据同化技术是突破遥感瞬时信息获取、实现图像与机理模型有机结合、改善自身数据产品质量和促进地学大范围模拟准确性的重要发展方向,能增强遥感对全球变化科学的贡献.  相似文献   

Climate change and coral reef bleaching: An ecological assessment of long-term impacts,recovery trends and future outlook   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Andrew C. Baker  Peter W. Glynn  Bernhard Riegl 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Since the early 1980s, episodes of coral reef bleaching and mortality, due primarily to climate-induced ocean warming, have occurred almost annually in one or more of the world's tropical or subtropical seas. Bleaching is episodic, with the most severe events typically accompanying coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomena, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which result in sustained regional elevations of ocean temperature. Using this extended dataset (25+ years), we review the short- and long-term ecological impacts of coral bleaching on reef ecosystems, and quantitatively synthesize recovery data worldwide. Bleaching episodes have resulted in catastrophic loss of coral cover in some locations, and have changed coral community structure in many others, with a potentially critical influence on the maintenance of biodiversity in the marine tropics. Bleaching has also set the stage for other declines in reef health, such as increases in coral diseases, the breakdown of reef framework by bioeroders, and the loss of critical habitat for associated reef fishes and other biota. Secondary ecological effects, such as the concentration of predators on remnant surviving coral populations, have also accelerated the pace of decline in some areas. Although bleaching severity and recovery have been variable across all spatial scales, some reefs have experienced relatively rapid recovery from severe bleaching impacts. There has been a significant overall recovery of coral cover in the Indian Ocean, where many reefs were devastated by a single large bleaching event in 1998. In contrast, coral cover on western Atlantic reefs has generally continued to decline in response to multiple smaller bleaching events and a diverse set of chronic secondary stressors. No clear trends are apparent in the eastern Pacific, the central-southern-western Pacific or the Arabian Gulf, where some reefs are recovering and others are not. The majority of survivors and new recruits on regenerating and recovering coral reefs have originated from broadcast spawning taxa with a potential for asexual growth, relatively long distance dispersal, successful settlement, rapid growth and a capacity for framework construction. Whether or not affected reefs can continue to function as before will depend on: (1) how much coral cover is lost, and which species are locally extirpated; (2) the ability of remnant and recovering coral communities to adapt or acclimatize to higher temperatures and other climatic factors such as reductions in aragonite saturation state; (3) the changing balance between reef accumulation and bioerosion; and (4) our ability to maintain ecosystem resilience by restoring healthy levels of herbivory, macroalgal cover, and coral recruitment. Bleaching disturbances are likely to become a chronic stress in many reef areas in the coming decades, and coral communities, if they cannot recover quickly enough, are likely to be reduced to their most hardy or adaptable constituents. Some degraded reefs may already be approaching this ecological asymptote, although to date there have not been any global extinctions of individual coral species as a result of bleaching events. Since human populations inhabiting tropical coastal areas derive great value from coral reefs, the degradation of these ecosystems as a result of coral bleaching and its associated impacts is of considerable societal, as well as biological concern. Coral reef conservation strategies now recognize climate change as a principal threat, and are engaged in efforts to allocate conservation activity according to geographic-, taxonomic-, and habitat-specific priorities to maximize coral reef survival. Efforts to forecast and monitor bleaching, involving both remote sensed observations and coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models, are also underway. In addition to these efforts, attempts to minimize and mitigate bleaching impacts on reefs are immediately required. If significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved within the next two to three decades, maximizing coral survivorship during this time may be critical to ensuring healthy reefs can recover in the long term.  相似文献   

海洋浮游动物多样性及其分布对全球变暖的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李君华  李少菁  朱小明 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(4)

针对日益加剧的全球增温和生物多样性丧失等现象,结合浮游动物在海洋生态系统中的重要性,从世界各大海域的浮游甲壳类、水母类及毛颚类等群落对海洋表层温度升高及海流变化的响应等方面进行了综述,以期为进一步深入开展相关研究提供参考。  相似文献