新密市白石沟井田二1煤层充水因素分析     

王军强  崔蓓蕾 《中国煤炭地质》2008,(7):38-42

白石沟井田是近年来探明的大巾型井田,位于五指岭-白寨背斜东端之南翼,新密-新郑复向斜之北翼．岗亚腰断层和梁山断层之间的地垒构造上,其基本构造形态为-向东倾伏的宽缓背斜。二叠系下统山西组二1煤为主要开采煤层,探明二1煤资源量7206×10^7t。分析了井田含水岩组及其富水性,对断层带及其富水特征进行了研究,从矿床（二1煤层）充水的水源、通道、机理三个方面分析了矿床充水因素,指出二1煤层的主要充水水源为该煤层底板的石炭系岩溶裂隙-承压水,充水通道为断层带和灰岩的岩溶裂隙发育带,充水机理为矿压及高水头压力冲破煤层底板阻水层阻力,形成底鼓,迅速突水。认为该井田水文地质勘查类型为三类二型,提出了排除与隔离地表水体,预留防水安全煤柱,灌浆辅助采掘的井田突水防范措施。  相似文献   

“雅安天漏”研究 III：特征、物理量结构及其形成机制   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

曾庆存  宇如聪  彭贵康 《大气科学》1994,18(6):649-659

本文的这一部分首先进一步分析了第二部分的预报结果,结果发现,在本文第二部分所建立的模式,不仅较好地预报出了24小时总降水量,而且也较好地预报出了“雅安天漏”的降水特征和降水中的物理结构。模式基本上抓住了形成雅安降水的主要影响因子。然后通过一系列精心设计的数值模拟试验得到了形成雅安降水的可能机制。  相似文献   

勘查油气田化探新方法——土壤相态烃测量法     

李生郁  徐丰孚 《物探与化探》1993,17(6):441-448

烃气测量是油气化探最主要的方法。目前应用的烃气测量方法有两类:一类是测量土壤中游离烃气如K—V指纹法、吸附丝法、物上气法及直接取土壤气测量法等。此类方法由于需特殊设备及壤气测量方法本身固有的缺陷,目前还未得到普遍应用,另一类为土壤吸附烃气法即国内外目前普遍使用的酸解烃气法、此法在多数油气田上取得好效果,但也有相当多的地区如黄土、荒漠及水网发育等特殊景观区效果不好或不显著。本文介绍一种新的烃气测量法──土壤相态烃测量法。这是用一种特殊的技术,只选择性提取由油气藏渗漏过程中保存在运移通道围岩及近地表土壤各种次生矿物结构中以"穴居"态存在的轻烃组分。"穴居"态烃为累积性的指标,不受外界温度、修水等的影响,保存较牢固,测定结果稳定。相态烃法避免了酸解烃法存在的生物成因烃、矿物同生烃及碳酸盐的干扰影响,提高了测量指标的信噪比,突出了应有的异常。本方法已在黄土厚覆盖区两个已知油气田和一个风成沙覆盖的断裂发育油田上试验获得成功,结果表明相态烃法优于酸解烃法。  相似文献   

重视和加强岩矿物性的测量研究     

蒋宏耀  张立敏 《地球物理学进展》1995,10(3):118-123

本文从物探科学技术的进步,勘查任务的发展变化、物探方法应用范畴的扩大和物性勘探等几个方面,论述了岩石和矿物物理性质测量、研究的重要性,指出：物性工作不可能毕其功于一役,并提出了五点建议：１．深入研究各类矿藏及其围岩（直至地面）物性的空间变化规律,为选择、研究合适的物探方法,提高物探效果,进一步探讨“直接”找矿问题,提供依据;２．这项工作可专门进行,但最好尽可能利用为其他目的而设计的钻井进行;３．物  相似文献   

Analysis of the effect of geology, soil properties, and land use on groundwater quality using multivariate statistical and GIS methods     

Jin-Soo Lee Kyung-Seok Ko Tong-Kwon Kim Jae Gon Kim Seong-Hyun Cho In-Suk Oh 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):152-152

The regional survey of groundwater used as a small water supply system was performed to know the effect of geology, soil properties and land use on groundwater quality at Nonsan City, Korea. A total of 126 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed at the study area. The multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis, and GIS technique were used for the quantitative interpretation of groundwater quality. The study area is mainly composed of Precambrian gneiss, Jurassic granite, and Cretaceous volcanics, and metasedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon zone. The land use was grouped as paddy, upland, grassland, resident, point source, industrial area, and water system. The soil properties were classified as 4 major groups, Entisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols, by the degree of development, and reclassified as 11 subgroups. The modified and simplified geologic map, soil map, and land use map were made by using ARCGIS soft-ware. The area of geology, soil property, and land use affecting the groundwater quality for each well were also calculated by ARCGIS soft-ware to acquire the quantitative parameters for multivariate statistical analysis. The monitoring results of groundwater in the study area showed that 13%-21% of the groundwater samples exceeded the portable water guideline and the main causes were turbidity, bacteria, arsenic and nitrate-N. The spatial distribution of each component showed the close relationship between groundwater quality and geology reflecting the topography, land use.  相似文献   

Factors controlling the spatial and temporal variability of dust emissions     

John A. Gillies William G. Nickling Vicken Etyemezian James King Mark Sweeney 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):219-220

New field measurement techniques are allowing researchers to better understand how surficial properties affect the temporal and spatial variability of dust emissions. In this paper we review the current understanding of the dust emission process and present new field measurements that examine how three surface properties： roughness, crust strength, and temporal changes of surface properties affect dust emissions. These data were collected using three unique measurement systems developed by our team. Roughness exerts considerable control on the entrainment threshold and emissions of dust from a surface. We have carried out a series of experiments designed to quantify roughness effects on aeolian sediment entrainment and transport in a shear stress partitioning framework. Our results show that the model of Raupach et al. （1993） provides very good agreement with available data to predict the amount of shearing stress on the intervening surface among roughness elements, relatively independent of their size and distribution. However, element size affects the aeolian sediment transport process beyond that attributable only to the reduction of surface shear stress caused by the roughness. Additional interactions of the elements with the saltation cloud appear to reduce the transport efficiency and potentially dust emissions as well. The effect of crust strength on dust emissions was assessed using a newly-developed pin penetrometer, which can measure crust strength in-situ. Previous researchers suggested that variation in crust strength even within a small area could lead to considerable spatial variability in dust emissions. Our measurements showed that crust strength is highly variable over a scale of centimeters. This variability may help to explain some of the observed scatter in field measurements of dust emissions for what appear to be homogeneous surfaces. Variability of dust emissions in time and space was also evaluated using a new instrument, the Portable In-Situ Wind Erosion Lab （PI-SWERL） developed to measure dust emissions from soil surfaces.  相似文献   

A Connectivity Index for Discrete Fracture Networks     

C. Xu  P. A. Dowd  K. V. Mardia  R. J. Fowell 《Mathematical Geology》2006,38(5):611-634

Connectivity is an important measure for assessing flow transport in rock, especially through fractures. In this paper, rock fracture systems are modelled by a discrete fracture model simulated by a marked point process. A connectivity index is then introduced to quantify the connectivity between any two points in space. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the connectivity index for stationary cases and relationships between the connectivity index and the parameters of the discrete fracture model are analysed. The average number of intersections per fracture, X_f, and the fracture intensity, P12 (P32), are calculated and the relationships between these parameters and the connectivity index are investigated, concluding that X_f is the more suitable parameter for the classification of rock mass flow properties. The relationships between the connectivity index and the percolation state of the fractured medium are also discussed. An edge correction is briefly discussed and a practical example is used to demonstrate the method of computing the connectivity index.  相似文献   

Influence of sedimentary environments on mechanical properties of clastic rocks     

Zhaoping Meng  Jincai Zhang  Suping Peng 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(1):113-120

The sedimentary environments are the intrinsic factor controlling the mechanical properties of clastic rocks. Examining the relationship between rock sedimentary environments and rock mechanical properties gives a better understanding of rock deformation and failure mechanisms. In this study, more than 55 samples in coal measures were taken from seven different lithologic formations in eastern China. Using the optical microscope the sedimentary characteristics, such as components of clastic rocks and sizes of clastic grains were quantitatively tested and analyzed. The corresponding mechanical parameters were tested using the servo-controlled testing system. Different lithologic attributes in the sedimentary rocks sampled different stress–strain behaviors and failure characteristics under different confining pressures, mainly due to different compositions and textures. Results demonstrate that clastic rocks have the linear best-fit for Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The elastic moduli in clastic rocks are highly dependent upon confining pressures, unlike hard rocks. The envelope lines of the mechanical properties versus the contents of quartz, detritus of the grain diameter of more than 0.03 mm, and grain size in clastic rocks are given. The compressive strength or elastic modulus and the grain diameter have a non-monotonic relation and demonstrate the “grain-diameter softening” effect.  相似文献   

房产测绘平面图系统的实现研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈洋  张宏  蒋文明  乔延春  温永宁 《现代测绘》2005,28(3):15-16,19

随着城市规划管理的不断发展．使得城市房产测绘单位采用大型空间数据库管理测绘平面图资料成为必然。通过建立房产测绘平面图系统，可以有效地解决数据标准不一致．图数不能互访，测绘各部门无法协调一致等问题，充分发挥网络功能，提升整个城市的房产管理水平．达到房产管理和房产服务一体化的目标。本文详细论述了房产测绘平面图系统的概念、设计原则和系统功能．在南京数字房产共享平台的建设中得到了实现．并取得了良好的效果。  相似文献   

相对湿度对气溶胶辐射特性和辐射强迫的影响   总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14  

张立盛  石广玉 《气象学报》2002,60(2):230-337

采用已有的气溶胶折射指数等资料 ,计算了在不同的相对湿度条件下硫酸盐气溶胶的辐射特性。结合两种不同化学输送模式 (CTM )的模拟结果及LASGGOALS/AGCM模式 ,模拟估算了考虑相对湿度影响后全球硫酸盐气溶胶的辐射强迫。结果表明 :(1)随着相对湿度的增加 ,硫酸盐气溶胶的质量消光效率因子在短波波段有所减小 ,单次散射反照率仅在长波波段有所增加 ,不对称因子在整个波段均有所增加 ;(2 )用两个CTM资料模拟辐射强迫的结果相差较大 ,其全球平均辐射强迫分别为 - 0 .2 6 8和 - 0 .816W/m2 ;(3)在考虑相对湿度的影响后 ,硫酸盐气溶胶辐射强迫的分布类型与相应干粒子的强迫分布类型基本相同 ,但全球平均的强迫值减少了 6 %左右。  相似文献