Critical response of structures to multicomponent earthquake excitation     

Oscar A. Lopez  Anil K. Chopra  Julio J. Hernandez 《地震工程与结构动力学》2000,29(12):1759-1778

This paper aims to develop an improved understanding of the critical response of structures to multicomponent seismic motion characterized by three uncorrelated components that are defined along its principal axes: two horizontal and the vertical component. An explicit formula, convenient for code applications, has been derived to calculate the critical value of structural response to the two principal horizontal components acting along any incident angle with respect to the structural axes, and the vertical component of ground motion. The critical response is defined as the largest value of response for all possible incident angles. The ratio r_cr/r_srss between the critical value of response and the SRSS response—corresponding to the principal components of ground acceleration applied along the structure axes—is shown to depend on three dimensionless parameters: the spectrum intensity ratio γ between the two principal components of horizontal ground motion characterized by design spectra A(T_n) and γA(T_n); the correlation coefficient α of responses r_x and r_y due to design spectrum A(T_n) applied in the x‐ and y‐directions, respectively; and β = r_y/r_x. It is demonstrated that the ratio r_cr/r_srss is bounded by 1 and . Thus the largest value of the ratio is , 1.26, 1.13 and 1.08 for γ = 0, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.85, respectively. This implies that the critical response never exceeds times the result of the SRSS analysis, and this ratio is about 1.13 for typical values of γ, say 0.75. The correlation coefficient α depends on the structural properties but is always bounded between −1 and 1. For a fixed value of γ, the ratio r_cr/r_srss is largest if β = 1 and α = ±1. The parametric variations presented for one‐storey buildings indicate that this condition can be satisfied by axial forces in columns of symmetric‐plan buildings or can be approximated by lateral displacements in resisting elements of unsymmetrical‐plan buildings. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

临汾盆地黄土粒度分布的端元模型研究     

赵格格  田庆春  杜五喜  裴瑜  鄂崇毅 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2021,41(2):192-200

为了解黄土高原东南缘临汾盆地黄土沉积物粒度分布特征及其气候意义,运用参数化端元分析模型对临汾盆地黄土沉积物粒度数据进行分析,提取对气候变化反映敏感的粒级组分。通过对临汾盆地黄土-古土壤序列运用谢帕德三角分类法,发现黄土主要由粉砂和黏土质粉砂组成,分布较为集中;对临汾盆地黄土粒度进行Gen.Weibull函数分布的参数化端元模型反演得出了3个端元,EM1可能是黄土在夏季风作用下的风化和成壤过程中形成的,EM2可能代表的是高空西风搬运的远源沉积物,EM3可能代表的是较强的冬季风所搬运的近源沉积物以及冬季短时间尘暴所带来的物质。结合OSL测年结果,临汾盆地黄土粒度端元组分、磁化率与深海氧同位素对比分析,发现临汾盆地与深海氧同位素一致,说明临汾盆地气候演化受全球冰量控制,但在每个阶段的内部波动上又表现出一定的区域特征。  相似文献   

兴凯湖沉积物粒度特征揭示的27.7kaBP以来区域古气候演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴健  沈吉 《湖泊科学》2010,22(1):110-118

结合孢粉分析,对兴凯湖一根长269cm的沉积岩芯研究表明:沉积物粒度分布特征可以较好地反映区域气候变化,即粗粉砂和砂增多对应于降水减少的低湖面时期,细粉砂增多对应于降水增加的高湖面时期,而粘土增加则对应于气候干燥的静水沉积环境。约27740-25540cal aBP时期,沉积物颗粒较粗,湖区处于低湖面的冷干气候;而随后25540-23650 cal aBP时期,中粉砂增加,粘土较少,分选性较好,湖区处于冷湿气候环境23650-19940cal aBP阶段,湖面封冻期长,沉积物粘土较多,湖区气候冷干,对应于末次盛冰期。19940-14510cal aBP阶段,细粉砂增加,比前期降水增多,温度也有所升高。14510-10800cal aBP时期,本地区进入晚冰期,沉积物粒径波动频繁,依次出现较高含量的细粉砂-粗粉砂-粘土阶段,反映了暖湿到干燥的气候变化,对应于北欧的B(o|¨)lling/Older Dryas/Aller(o|¨)d/Younger Dryas气候波动期。10800-1050cal aBP,总体上沉积物粒径变化不大,中粗粉砂含量基本保持低值,细粉砂逐渐增加,粘土逐渐减少,显示深水稳定沉积环境,降水逐渐增多,处于全新世暖湿期;其中8330-7000cal aBP阶段,粗颗粒迅速增加较多,对应于8.2 cal kaBP冷事件。约1050cal aBP以来,沉积物中值粒径大幅度增加,湖面水位下降幅度较大,气候变凉干,也反映了人类活动增强造成水土流失加剧。  相似文献   

Potassium and Residue Management Options to Enhance Productivity and Soil Quality in Zero Till Maize–Wheat Rotation     

Raghavendra Madar  Yudh Vir Singh  Mahesh Chand Meena  Tapas Kumar Das  Sunita Gaind  Rakesh Kumar Verma 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2020,48(3)

Crop residue burning and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers in intensive cereal–cereal rotations are present ecological threats in any agro‐ecosystem of the world. Therefore, identification of best suitable agricultural practices can be a feasible option. The present experiment was initiated in 2013 and consisted of four residue levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha^?1) and five potassium (K) levels (0, 50, 100, 150% recommended dose of K and 50%RDK+K solubilizing bacteria, KSB). Crop residue (CR) and K management significantly improve crop and soil quality associated parameters. Among the treatments, maximum increase in crop growth, physiological parameters, grain yield, quality aspects, and water productivity are recorded with the application of 4–6 Mg ha^?1 CR. Application of 50%RDK+KSB also significantly increases crop and soil related parameters. Soil quality indicators (bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and available micronutrients) do not vary significantly with CR and K management. Change in soil organic carbon status, soil enzymes, and potassium‐solubilizing bacterial count are significantly increased with 4–6 Mg ha^?1 CR and application of 50%RDK+KSB, and this is in accordance with correlation study carried out. Therefore, it is concluded that CR retention (4–6 Mg ha^?1) and reduction of inorganic K fertilizer by 50% and inoculation of KSB enhance the soil quality indicators and thereby improve crop growth, physiological parameters, grain yield, and quality aspects along with water productivity under zero till maize–wheat rotation.  相似文献   

河南省黄河流域水资源—经济—生态系统耦合协调评价及预测     

汪顺生  杨金月  王爱丽  陈春来  柳腾飞 《湖泊科学》2022,34(3):919-934

水资源、经济、生态是我国社会高质量发展的重要组成部分,为助力水资源、经济、生态高质量协调发展,以河南省黄河流域为例,收集了3个子系统27个指标的长系列资料,阐明了指标现状值与目标值的关系,探究了 27个指标的时空分布特征,采用组合权重法确定27个指标权重,建立河南省黄河流域水资源—经济—生态系统耦合协调度评价模型,并应...  相似文献   

The paleoenvironmental significance of spatial distributions of grain size in groundwater‐recharged lakes: A case study in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert,northwest China          下载免费PDF全文

Zhuolun Li  Zhiqiao Wei  Shipei Dong  Qiujie Chen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(2):363-372

For lakes in desert hinterlands that are not recharged by river runoff, sediment input solely comes from wind transport. While the processes of sediment transport and deposition in these lakes differ significantly from those with river discharge, the spatial distribution of sediment grain size in these groundwater‐recharged lakes remains largely unknown. Moreover, whether the grain size distribution in these lake sediments can be used as a proxy in the study of past climatic change and environmental evolution studies is unclear. In this study, five lakes with a range of surface areas that had no runoff recharge were selected from the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert of north‐western China, and a total of 108 samples of lake surface sediments were collected to examine the spatial distribution of grain size. Moreover, an end‐member‐modeling algorithm was used to calculate end members from all grain size measurements. Our results showed that both the median and mean grain sizes in the lake sediments decreased from the nearshore to the offshore, deep‐water zone. However, the lowest median and mean grain sizes were not found in the center of the lakes, in contrast to lakes recharged by surface runoff. The median grain size of sediment in the lake center was negatively correlated with lake level, and thus could help reveal lake evolution at low resolutions. Moreover, EM1 and EM2 were interpreted as wind transported sediment, and sediment perturbed by lake waves after wind transport, respectively. The modal grain size of EM1 varied slightly between lakes, while changes in the modal grain size of EM2 were related to lake area. Given the positive relationship found between EM2 content and lake level, changes in the EM2 content (%) can serve as a rough indicator of lake level fluctuations at low temporal resolutions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

鸳鸯镇-凤凰山断裂的断层泥粒度分布与断层活动特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邵顺妹  邹谨敞  滕瑞增  荣代潞 《地质力学学报》1996,2(4):36-42

本文研究断层泥的粒度分布与断层活动特征的关系。断层泥取自西秦岭北缘断裂带的鸳鸯镇-凤凰山断裂。根据分析结果得出该断裂的运动方式以粘滑为主,兼有蠕滑。文中还对该断裂的活动度进行了探讨。   相似文献   

基于生态—社会服务功能协调发展度的湖泊健康评价方法     

樊贤璐  徐国宾 《湖泊科学》2018,30(5):1225-1234

本文首先运用频度分析法构建湖泊生态系统健康评价指标体系;其次,应用变异系数法与信息熵权法相结合的组合赋权法计算指标权重;在此基础上提出了基于生态—社会服务功能协调发展度的湖泊生态系统健康评价方法,并给出从湖泊综合发展水平和湖泊协调发展度两方面度量湖泊生态系统健康水平的等级划分标准.应用此评价方法,以白洋淀生态系统为研究对象,开展其健康状况及协调发展状况的模型实证研究.结果显示:白洋淀生态系统综合发展水平处于不健康病态萎缩状态,湖泊协调发展度属于临界协调发展.该方法综合考虑了生态完整性和社会服务功能两个方面的协调性和发展性进行湖泊健康评价,从协调、发展的角度为湖泊管理建设提供建议.同时研究表明协调发展度湖泊健康评价法具有计算简单、适用性强的特点,同样适用于其他湖泊健康评价.  相似文献   

水文时间序列概率预报方法的通用架构     

桑燕芳  李鑫鑫  谢平  刘勇 《湖泊科学》2018,30(3):611-618

在准确揭示水文过程变化特性的基础上开展中长期(月尺度及以上)水文预报,是掌握未来水文情势和演变规律,以及研究解决实际水文水资源问题的重要基础.水文时间序列预报方法是揭示未来水文情势和演变规律的重要技术手段.本文首先梳理了目前常用的各类水文序列预报方法,分析讨论了各方法的基本原理和主要缺陷.然后,通过综合分析相关研究成果,总结得到关于水文序列预报方法的4点重要认识:序列预报前应进行序列分解;序列中确定成分和随机成分应分别建模预报;序列预报结果需要估计不确定性;模型集成效果常常优于单个模型效果.最后,提出一个水文时间序列概率预报方法的通用架构.利用该通用架构能够克服常规模型或方法的缺陷,进行物理成因分析的基础上,针对水文序列中不同特性的确定成分和随机成分别进行分析,既可得到准确的确定性预报结果,又可对预报结果的不确定性进行定量评估,并可提高最终预报结果的合理性和可靠性.  相似文献   

临夏盆地新生代沉积物粒度记录与亚洲内陆干旱化     

徐先海  方小敏  宋春晖  范马洁  沈吉 《湖泊科学》2008,20(1):65-75

临夏盆地毛沟剖面高分辨率粒度记录研究表明,29-7.4Ma间,临夏盆地的古气候一直保持相对稳定,而其中短暂的沉积相的改变是盆地对该期间青藏高原构造隆升事件的响应;从7.4Ma开始,流域外的风尘物质开始逐步被带人盆地,并经过了6.4Ma和5.3Ma的两次加速过程,揭示了我国西北内陆干旱气候可能从7.4Ma左右开始,且在6.4Ma和5.3Ma左右经过两次加强.通过与青藏高原构造隆升事件记录和全球气候记录对比。揭示高原在9-7Ma开始的逐步隆升和期后的阶段性加速隆升以及同期开始的全球变冷,尤其北极冰盖的形成和扩张可能是亚洲内陆干旱化的重要驱动机制.  相似文献