桩端下有软弱下卧层的群桩沉降分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张乾青  张忠苗 《岩土工程技术》2009,23(5):217-222

群桩沉降由桩身压缩和桩端沉降组成。本文采用桩身线弹性的假定计算单桩桩身压缩,用单桩的桩身压缩近似代替群桩桩身压缩,并用承台下的平均附加应力乘以桩端荷载传递系数后作为桩端的附加应力,推出了桩端下有软弱下卧层的群桩沉降计算方法,同时与其他计算方法和工程实测值进行了比较。  相似文献   

Frost heave control of fine round gravel fillings in deep seasonal frozen regions     

ZuRun Yue  TianLiang Wang  Chao M  TieCheng Sun 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(4):0425-0432

Fine round gravel soil is widely employed in the subgrade of high speed railways in cold regions to prevent frost heaving and thawing. The lower the fines content in fine round gravel soil, the smaller the quantities of frost heaving and thawing, but compaction difficulty increases. This study is to obtain the optimum fines content and limited frost heaving and thawing. The fine round gravel soil filling (FRGSF) used in the Harbin-Qiqihaer Passenger Dedicated Line is taken as the study object. Influence of fines content on optimum water content, maximum dry density and frost heaving properties of FRGSF were studied by means of compaction and frost heaving tests. Results show that the maximum dry density of the FRGSF increases first and then decreases with an increase of fines content, namely there is an optimum fines content for easy compaction. The method of surface-vibratory instrument is fit for coarse-grained soils, and wet state of coarse-grained soil is in favor of compaction. Considering the relationship of fines content with maximum dry density and the frost heaving ratio of FRGSF, the fines content should be limited to within the range of 9%-10%, so that the frost heaving ratio is less than 1%, and the FRGSF is easily compacted. Water supply is proved to be an important factor influencing the amount of frost heaving of FRGSF. We also conclude that in the field, it is imperative to control waterproofing and drainage measures.  相似文献   

Sediment routing hypothesis for pool‐riffle maintenance     

David J. Milan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(14):1623-1641

This paper provides comprehensive evidence that sediment routing around pools is a key mechanism for pool‐riffle maintenance in sinuous upland gravel‐bed streams. The findings suggest that pools do not require a reversal in energy for them to scour out any accumulated sediments, if little or no sediments are fed into them. A combination of clast tracing using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging and bedload traps (positioned along the thalweg on the upstream riffle, pool entrance, pool exit and downstream riffle) are used to provide information on clast pathways and sediment sorting through a single pool‐riffle unit. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is also used to explore hydraulic variability and flow pathways. Clast tracing results provide a strong indication that clasts are not fed through pools, rather they are transported across point bar surfaces, or around bar edges (depending upon previous clast position, clast size, and event magnitude). Spatial variations in bedload transport were found throughout the pool‐riffle unit. The pool entrance bedload trap was often found to be empty, when the others had filled, further supporting the notion that little or no sediment was fed into the pool. The pool exit slope trap would occasionally fill with sediment, thought to be sourced from the eroding outer bank. CFD results demonstrate higher pool shear stresses (τ ≈ 140 N m^–2) in a localized zone adjacent to an eroding outer bank, compared to the upstream and downstream riffles (τ ≈ 60 N m^–2) at flows of 6 · 2 m³ s^–1 (≈ 60% of the bankfull discharge) and above. There was marginal evidence for near‐bed velocity reversal. Near‐bed streamlines, produced from velocity vectors indicate that flow paths are diverted over the bar top rather than being fed through the thalweg. Some streamlines appear to brush the outer edge of the pool for the 4 · 9 m³ s^–1 to 7 · 8 m³ s^–1 (between 50 and 80% of the bankfull discharge) simulations, however complete avoidance was found for discharges greater than this. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Gravel‐bed rivers: from particles to patterns     

Peter E. Ashmore  Colin D. Rennie 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(2):217-220

The papers in this special issue reflect several of the major themes and topics from the 7^th International Workshop on Gravel‐Bed Rivers. The papers focus primarily on aspects of bed material transport in gravel‐bed rivers and larger scale morpho‐dynamics. Research in gravel‐bed rivers is increasingly integrating processes over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales by combining field observation, lab experimentation, numerical modeling and theory testing in a range of river types, aided by new technological developments in particle tracking, computational modeling and high resolution spatial data. This is leading to greater understanding of the processes leading to distinctive morpho‐dynamics of river types and a more reliable basis for river management. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

厚壁套管与植物胶用于深厚砂卵砾石层钻进的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

李建军  陈保国 《探矿工程》2012,39(11):10-12，16

针对大渡河巴底水电站深厚覆盖层钻进过程中遇到的护壁、取心、孔内事故等主要技术问题,采用Ф139mm厚壁套管护壁和SH植物胶取心钻进工艺,有效地提高了取心质量和钻进效率。Ф139mm厚壁套管可以有效克服深厚覆盖层钻进过程中薄壁套管护壁导致孔内事故频发以及跟进深度较浅等致命缺点,也克服了Ф127mm常规厚壁地质管材不能下如薄壁Ф108mm套管的缺点。该工艺不仅提高了取心质量,也极大地提高了钻进效率和保证了成孔概率,节约钻进成本,提高了经济效益。  相似文献   

浅谈复杂地层科学钻探理念          下载免费PDF全文

刘林  陈玉富  黎波  孙丹 《探矿工程》2012,39(Z1):24-26

随着地质找矿方向转向“攻深找盲”,钻探工程施工难度也节节攀升;未来钻孔多以深孔、斜孔为主,面临的地层情况也将越来越复杂,只有坚持科技钻探理念、做好科技钻探理念传承、加强钻探科技发展和更新、做好系统化、标准化、档案化的科学管理,才能为钻探企业注入新的活力,使其能在新的地勘形势下获得更强的生命力。  相似文献   

西安地铁隧道穿越饱和软黄土地段的地表沉降监测     

贺农农  李攀  邵生俊  李佳坤  焦阳阳 《西安地质学院学报》2012,(1):96-103

以西安地铁一号线朝阳门站一康复路站区段饱和软黄土地铁隧道为研究对象,通过施工期现场地表沉降变形监测,分析了在饱和软黄土特殊地层条件下隧道浅埋暗挖法施工引起的该区段地表沉降变形规律以及地表沉降槽分布特征。结果表明：在饱和软黄土隧道开挖时,随着掌子面的推进,隧道顶地表沉降可分为沉降微小阶段、沉降显著发展阶段、沉降缓慢阶段和沉降稳定阶段;单线隧道开挖后的最大地表沉降量为18．89mm,双线隧道开挖后的最大地表沉降量为36．4mm;已开挖隧道对围岩土体的扰动作用使得后开挖隧道的地表沉降发展较大;双线隧道的地表沉降槽宽度接近单线隧道沉降槽宽度的2倍,因此可以将其近似为单线隧道地表沉降槽宽度与双线隧道轴线中点距离之和;单线隧道开挖后地表沉降槽宽度为8．4～9．3m,双线隧道开挖后地表沉降槽宽度为16．2～17．5m;隧道开挖施工的沉降槽宽度参数为0．435～0．467,单线隧道开挖后的地层损失率为0．765％～1．324％,双线隧道开挖后的地层损失率为1．231％～2．200％。  相似文献   

江西九瑞矿集区硅质断裂磨砾岩带的厘定及其成岩成矿意义   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

蒋少涌  徐耀明  周巍  朱志勇  孔凡斌  孙岩 《岩石学报》2012,28(10):3076-3086

在九瑞矿集区研究叠合断裂和叠加成矿作用的基础上,我们进一步详细研究了出露在洋鸡山-丁家山-望夫山一线的硅质角砾岩,指出它们不是原先认为的石炭系沉积硅质岩,而应属于一种断裂磨砾岩,并深入探究其形成过程及与成矿之关系.断裂磨砾岩是断裂分带结构成熟的标志之一,多在剪切作用和热液作用下,断裂岩石经硅化-破裂-碎裂-粉碎-研磨,形成具有一定圆度和球度,大小差异较大的磨砾或磨粒,且又会反复的集结-破碎,不断拓宽断裂构造形成磨砾-角砾岩带.本文研究的断裂磨砾岩,呈北东向展布,延长达十几千米.成分上以硅化角砾岩为主,SiO2含量一般大于90％,石英颗粒由隐晶到显晶.一些角砾岩中含Fe2O3较高,有可能是原先的硫化物经氧化形成的褐铁矿.本区洋鸡山-丁家山-望夫山一线产出的断裂磨砾-角砾岩带,很可能是燕山期构造-岩浆-成矿事件的产物.在城门山和武山铜矿,我们之前的工作己发现存在产于泥盆系五通组和石炭系黄龙组层滑构造体系中的黄铁矿角砾岩,则有可能属于海西期同生断裂活动的产物.因此,这些不同的角砾岩具有多阶段活动和叠加成矿的特征.本文还进一步指出,九瑞地区其他层位(如泥盆系与志留系之间、志留系与奥陶系之间)发育的层滑构造体系和断裂角砾岩及热液蚀变岩,也很可能是成矿有利部位,值得今后找矿工作的关注.  相似文献   

植物根系对土体抗剪强度影响的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈春晖  晏鄂川 《地质科技情报》2012,(4):123-126

通过室内直剪实验分析了不同含水率下有根和无根的扰动砾砂土体的抗剪性能。得出:在相同含水率下,有根土体相对于无根土体其内聚力较小,内摩擦角较大;有根土体的抗剪强度随含水率的增大而减小。最后为其在工程中的应用提出了一些建议,可为植物根系护坡技术的应用提供一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区滩间山群矽卡岩化成矿作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张晓飞  李智明  陈博  宋忠宝  贾群子  张雨莲  陈向阳  栗亚芝 《西北地质》2012,45(1):40-47

祁漫塔格地区滩间山群广泛发育,且与成矿关系密切。在该区已发现的尕林格铁矿床、卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床、肯德可克铁钴铋金矿床、虎头崖Ⅵ铜铅锌多金属带、Ⅱ铜铅锌铁锡多金属矿带等均与滩间山群关系密切。通过对区内成矿与滩间山群关系密切的典型矽卡岩型矿床剖析,得出该地区交代滩间山群的矽卡岩型矿化的成矿物源主要受控于滩间山群。在该区要重视寻找与滩间山群有关的矽卡岩型矿床,特别是滩间山群下岩组发育地段是成矿的有利地段。  相似文献