上海湖沼平原地貌分界线上地层分布特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙莉 《上海国土资源》2011,32(4):68-72

上海湖沼平原和滨海平原地貌类型划分应遵从地貌特征,为工程应用方便,可划分地貌亚区。地貌分界线上典型的地质剖面,为湖沼平原第一硬土层与滨海平原暗绿色硬土层属于同一地质时代提供了直接证据。由于古河道、台地等古地貌特征,造就了不同地貌及地貌亚区之间地层差异。  相似文献   

延吉—珲春地区圆砾层地基承载力研究     

高涛  刘飞  周景宏 《岩土工程技术》2013,(6):306-309

延吉—珲春地区的圆砾层是该区域工程建设经常利用的土层.为了获取圆砾层可靠的地基承载力数据,探讨确定地基承载力适宜的测试手段和方法,以及检验以前地基承载力数据的可靠度,采用载荷试验和重型圆锥动力触探试验原位测试方法对圆砾层的地基承载力进行了测试研究,获取了十二组地基承载力特征值、变形模量和重型圆锥动力触探锤击数试验数据.通过对试验数据的统计分析,得到了圆砾层地基承载力特征值的范围,得出地基承载力特征值、变形模量与重型圆锥动力触探锤击数线性相关的结论.据此,提出了适合当地工程地质条件的根据重型圆锥动力触探锤击数计算圆砾层地基承载力特征值和变形模量的经验公式.为延吉—珲春地区岩土工程勘察工作能够准确可靠、便捷、经济地确定圆砾层地基承载力特征值和变形模量提供了依据和方法,并为吉林省其他地区圆砾层地基承载力的研究提供了参考.  相似文献   

回填块石土强夯施工工艺的确定及设计优化          下载免费PDF全文

孟宪中  胡先法  王峰  田新元  王中文  王宏沛 《探矿工程》2013,40(11):61-67

以华能莱芜电厂百万机组“上大压小”扩建工程填方区回填块石土强夯地基处理试夯试验为例,比对2个试夯分区采用不同施工工艺施工的质量差别及处理效果,据此查明强夯法的施工质量,确定强夯有效加固深度、土的密实度、变形参数和地基承载力等。根据场地夯填厚度,选取合适的虚填厚度及相应的施工工艺,确定最终施工方案,进一步提高强夯地基处理效果,为最终确定大面积施工所采用的施工工艺提供依据。  相似文献   

Response and recovery of the Eel River, California, and its tributaries to floods in 1955, 1964, and 1997     

Jan Sloan  Jerry R. Miller  Nicholas Lancaster 《Geomorphology》2001,36(3-4)

Northwestern California is prone to regional, high magnitude winter rainstorms, which repeatedly produce catastrophic floods in the basins of the northern Coast Ranges. Major floods on the Eel River in 1955 and 1964 resulted in substantial geomorphic changes to the channel, adjacent terraces, and tributaries. This study evaluated the changes and the effects of a moderate flood in 1997 through field observations and examination of aerial photographs that spanned from 1954 to 1996. The purpose was to document the nature and magnitude of geomorphic responses to these three floods and assess the rates and controls on the recovery of the Eel River and its tributaries. Channel widening from extensive bank erosion was the dominant geomorphic change along the lower Eel River during major floods. As a result of the 1964 flood, the largest amount of widening was 195 m and represented an 80% change in channel width. Channel narrowing characterized the periods after the 1955 and 1964 floods. More than 30 years after the 1964 flood, however, the river had not returned to pre-flood width, which suggests that channel recovery required decades to complete. A long recovery time is unusual given that the Eel River is located in an area with a “superhumid” climate and has an exceptionally high sediment yield. This long recovery time may reflect highly seasonal precipitation and runoff, which are concentrated in 3–5 months each winter. In contrast to the main stem of the Eel River, the dominant effects of floods on the tributaries of the Eel River were rapid aggradation of channel bed and valley floor followed by immediate downcutting. Dendrogeomorphic data, aerial photographs, and field observations indicate that thick wedges of gravel, derived largely from hillslope failures in upper reaches of the tributaries, are deposited at and immediately upstream of the mouths of tributaries as the stage of the Eel River exceeded that of the tributaries during major floods. In the waning stages of the flood, the tributaries cut through the gravel at a rate equal to the lowering of the Eel and generated unpaired terraces and nickpoints. The complete process of deposition and incision can occur within a few days of peak discharge. Although reworking of some sediment on the valley floor may continue for years after large floods, channel morphology in the tributaries appears to be a product of infrequent, high magnitude events. The morphology of the tributary channel also appears to be greatly influenced by the frequency and magnitude of mass wasting in headwater areas of small basins.  相似文献   

The spatial and temporal patterns of aggradation in a temperate,upland, gravel‐bed river     

Emma K. Raven  Stuart N. Lane  Rob I. Ferguson  Louise J. Bracken 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(9):1181-1197

Intensive field monitoring of a reach of upland gravel‐bed river illustrates the temporal and spatial variability of in‐channel sedimentation. Over the six‐year monitoring period, the mean bed level in the channel has risen by 0·17 m with a maximum bed level rise of 0·5 m noted at one location over a five month winter period. These rapid levels of aggradation have a profound impact on the number and duration of overbank flows with flood frequency increasing on average 2·6 times and overbank flow time increasing by 12·8 hours. This work raises the profile of coarse sediment transfer in the design and operation of river management, specifically engineering schemes. It emphasizes the need for the implementation of strategic monitoring programmes before engineering work occurs to identify zones where aggradation is likely to be problematic. Exploration of the sediment supply and transfer system can explain patterns of channel sedimentation. The complex spatial, seasonal and annual variability in sediment supply and transfer raise uncertainties into the system's response to potential changes in climate and land‐use. Thus, there is a demand for schemes that monitor coarse sediment transfer and channel response. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An empirical model of event scale cohesive bank profile evolution     

Jim Pizzuto 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(9):1234-1244

The highly stochastic nature of riverbank erosion has driven the need for spatially explicit empirical models. Detailed bank profile surveys along a meander bend of the Brandywine Creek in Pennsylvania, USA, before and after 28 high flow events over a 2·5 year period are used to develop an empirical model of cohesive bank profile erosion. Two hundred and thirty‐six bank erosion observations are classified as hydraulic erosion or subaerial erosion. Threshold conditions required to initiate bank erosion cannot be defined based on field measurements. Using the near‐bank velocity and the number of freeze–thaw cycles as predictors, regression equations are derived for hydraulic erosion that specify the length, thickness, and location on the bank face of eroded blocks. An empirical discriminant function defines the critical geometry of overhang failures, and the volumes removed by overhang failures are computed using another regression equation. All the regression equations are significant, but have low correlation coefficients, suggesting that cohesive bank erosion has a strong stochastic component. Individual events typically remove small masses of soil (average volume 0·084 m³/m) a few centimeters thick (median = 0·057 m) and a few decimeters in length (median = 0·50 m) from the lower third of the bank. Hydraulic erosion is responsible for 87% of all erosion. When applied to three survey sites not used in its development, the profile model predicts the total volume of erosion with errors of 23%, 5% and 1%. Twenty‐four percent of computed erosion volumes for single events are within 50% of observed volumes at these three sites. Extending the approach to decadal timescales and to entire bends will require three‐dimensional observations of bank failure, and spatially and temporally explicit methods to account for the influence of individual large trees on bank failures and near‐bank hydraulic processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Water‐worked gravel beds in laboratory flumes – a natural analogue?     

James R. Cooper  Simon J. Tait 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(3):384-397

An investigation has been conducted to identify the key parameters that are likely to scale laboratory sediment deposits to the field scale. Two types of bed formation were examined: one where sediment is manually placed and screeded and the second where sediment is fed into a running flume. This later technique created deposits through sequential cycles of sediment transport and deposition. Detailed bed surface topography measurements have been made over a screeded bed and three fed beds. In addition, bulk subsurface porosity and hydraulic conductivity have been measured. By comparing the four beds, results revealed that certain physical properties of the screeded bed were clearly different from those of the fed beds. The screeded bed had a random organization of grains on both the surface and within the subsurface. The fed beds exhibited greater surface and subsurface organization and complexity, and had a number of properties that closely resembled those found for water‐worked gravel beds. The surfaces were water‐worked and armoured and there was preferential particle orientation and direction of imbrication in the subsurface. This suggested that fed beds are able to simulate, in a simplified manner, both the surface and subsurface properties of established gravel‐bed river deposits. The near‐bed flow properties were also compared. It revealed that the use of a screeded bed will typically cause an underestimation in the degree of temporal variability in the flow. Furthermore, time‐averaged streamwise velocities were found to be randomly organized over the screeded bed but were organized into long streamwise flow structures over the fed beds. It clearly showed that caution should be taken when comparing velocity measurements over screeded beds with water‐worked beds, and that the formation of fed beds offers an improved way of investigating intragravel flow and sediment–water interface exchange processes in gravel‐bed rivers at a laboratory scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Occurrence of cluster microforms in mountain rivers     

K. B. Strom  A. N. Papanicolaou 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(1):88-98

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砾卵石层中预制桩的承载性状研究     

刘俊龙 《岩土力学》2008,29(5):1280-1284

依据59根桩静载荷试验实测结果和桩侧相关土层的标贯试验成果,反算出砾卵石持力层中预制桩的极限桩端阻力,结合7根桩身埋设有应力计的预制桩桩端阻力的实测成果,分析了砾卵石层中的预制桩的桩端阻力、桩端荷载分担比例及端阻充分发挥所需的桩端位移。通过对121根以砾卵石为持力层的预制桩的静载试验成果与静压法施工终压力的比较,分析了砾卵石层中静压预制桩的施工终压力与极限承载力的关系。  相似文献   

顺层高边坡开挖松动区研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

孙书伟  马惠民  张忠平 《岩土力学》2008,29(6):1665-1668

开挖顺层岩石高边坡,往往需要进行预加固,因而合理确定坡体开挖松动区范围便成为核心问题。根据坡体开挖后的应力和位移状态,给出了开挖松动区的明确定义;结合重庆万州-梁平高速公路沿线各顺层高边坡失稳实例,对顺层高边坡开挖松动区进行了研究,简述了松动区的特点,分析了开挖松动区的影响因素。从岩体结构出发,以开挖深度和岩层倾角为主控元素,对顺层高边坡开挖松动区的长度进行了统计分析,结果表明：岩层倾角在15～30°的砂泥岩顺层高边坡最易产生开挖失稳,且松动区长度与开挖深度有关,二者比值较为集中地分布在2～5之间。  相似文献