天津市地下水资源与可持续利用   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17  

段永侯  王家兵  王亚斌  邢贵发 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(3):29-39

天津市是我国主要缺水城市之一。1990～2000年地表水年平均用水量16 33×108m3,地下水年平均用水量7 11×108m3,地下水的供水比例约占30%左右。1990～2002年,按全国统一部署,对天津市地下水资源进行了新一轮评价,评价结果是天津市地下水天然资源为18 13×108m3 a,矿化度小于5g L的天然资源为15 75×108m3 a,可开采资源为8 27×108m3 a,其中浅层水2 58×108m3 a,深层水3 56×108m3 a,隐伏岩溶水1 24×108m3 a,山区1 10×108m3 a。天津市地下水开采程度已达90 45%,除蓟县、宝坻、宁河、静海略有盈余,其余各区、县已超采。要解决天津市规划需水量(2010年)56 76×108m3 a的要求,必须采取外调水源、工农业节水和污水回收利用、海水淡化利用、利用坑、塘、洼、淀尽可能拦蓄汛期弃水等措施。天津市每年7×108～8×108m3的地下水资源为多年稳定补给的地下水资源,属可持续利用的水资源,但必须调整开采布局,压缩深层水的开采量,以遏制地面沉降继续发展。在连续干旱年份,为解决城镇生产及生活用水的燃眉之急,保证城市供水安全,建立一种非常规的并有一定开采周期的应急供水水源地,可缓解一部分供水压力。经初步论证,蓟县平原区和宝坻中北部第四系全淡水区及邻近的咸水分布区,有望建成大型集中供水水源地。经勘查,蓟  相似文献   

苏州城市规划区Ⅱ承压水开采与地面沉降预防控制研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

缪晓图 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(3):55-59

在孔隙承压水开采与地面沉降的关系上存在2种观点。水、土应力平衡理论认为：只要开采承压水，就会引发应力失衡并导致地面沉降；而水、土动态平衡理论则认为：除非开采水压力至水、土应力平衡面以下，否则不会引发地面沉降。苏州城市规划区第Ⅱ承压水开采水位与地面沉降动态观测表明，在-33m处存在一个天然动态水、土应力平衡面。第Ⅱ承压含水层形成后，经上覆堆积物自重压力长期压缩作用，其水压力具较高的压强．这种天然状态下产生的弹性释放储存量可开采利用多少，取决于开采状态下水、土应力平衡时可消耗压力水柱高度中的水头值。因而地面沉降的根本原因是开采水位超过了-33m，突破了天然状态水、土应力平衡面水位。Ⅱ承压含水层在天然状态受上覆堆积物重力产生的高压强弹性释放储存量现象，可以帮助我们确立该地区孔隙Ⅱ承压水开采不产生地面沉降的临界水位(水、土应力平衡面)。这一点对承压水开采条件、可开采资源性质具有重大实际意义。同样可以应用于饱受地面沉降困扰的无锡、常州及周边地区，为地下水开发利用政策由单一的封井停采转为目标水位控制开采提供了科学依据。同时也为此政策在承压水动力学机制上找到了内在原因。  相似文献   

疏降地下水引起地面塌陷浅析--以淮南煤矿区为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

许光泉  沈慧珍 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(4):64-68

以淮南西部矿区为例，介绍了该地区自20世纪60年代开采煤矿以来，由于疏降地下水，引起的地面塌陷。为了研究灰岩水动力场规律，先后在该区进行多时段、多水平放水试验。研究表明，覆盖粘土层、岩溶及人工疏降地下水，是该地区岩溶塌陷形成的基本条件。通过对粘土盖层性质、疏降地下水岩溶塌陷演化过程及塌陷机理与对应阶段过程综合分析，结合区域地质条件，掌握了塌陷点的分布规律。对目前西部地区塌陷“复活”、整治及未来城市规划，提出了建设性建议。  相似文献   

陕西渭北东部岩溶水环境同位素   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张茂省  党学亚  喻胜虎 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(5):46-50

陕西渭北东部岩溶水系统是一个复杂的地下水系统，碳酸盐岩大面积隐伏与深埋。使用传统手段和方法勘查岩溶地下水和研究可持续开发利用方案遇到诸多困难，不仅费时，而且耗资大。本文通过系统分析研究陕西渭北东部地区岩溶地下水T、D、^180、^14C环境同位素特征，揭示岩溶水的补给迳流排泄条件、岩溶水系统边界性质以及岩溶水与黄河洛河地表水、黄河岩溶泉与洛河岩溶泉之间的补排关系。结果显示环境同位素方法简便有效，能够达到预期目的。  相似文献   

Influence of groundwater level change on vegetation coverage and their spatial variation in arid regions   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

SULTAN Danyar  SONG Yudong  MARINA Jumakeld 《地理学报》2004,14(3):323-329

Sampling and testing are conducted on groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the 670 km2 of the Sangong River Basin and semi-variance function analysis is made afterwards on the data obtained by the application of geo-statistics. Results showed that the variance curve of the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage displays an exponential model. Analysis of sampling data in 2003 indicates that the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage change similarly in space in this area. The Sangong River Basin is composed of upper oasis, middle ecotone and lower sand dune. In oasis and ecotone, influenced by irrigation of the adjoining oasis, groundwater level has been raised and soil water content also increased compared with sand dune nearby, vegetation developed well. But in the lower reaches of the Sangong River Basin, because of descending of groundwater level, soil water content decreased and vegetation degenerated. From oasis to abandoned land and desert grassland, vegetation coverage and groundwater level changed greatly with significant difference respectively in spatial variation. Distinct but similar spatial variability exists among the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the study area, namely, the vegetation coverage decreasing (increasing) as the groundwater depth increases (decreases). This illustrates the great dependence of vegetation coverage on groundwater depth in arid regions and further implies that among the great number of factors affecting vegetation coverage in arid regions, groundwater depth turns out to be the most determinant one.  相似文献   

Thermodynamic conditions of framework grain dissolution of clastic rocks and its application in Kela 2 gas field   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

LAI Xingyun  YU Bingsong  CHEN Junyuan  CHEN Xiaolin  LIU Jianqing  MEI Mingxiang  JING Weiguang & CHENG Suhua School of Earth Sciences  Mineral Resources  China University of Geosciences  Beijing  China  Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics  Deep-level Process  Exploration of Ministry of Education  Beijing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(1):21-31

Feldspar and clastic debris are the most important constituent framework grains of sedimentary clastic rocks and their chemical dissolution plays an essential role in the formation and evolution of the secondary pore in the reservoir rocks. On the basis of thermodynamic phase equilibrium, this study investigates the chemical equilibrium relationships between fluid and various plagioclase and K-feldspar in diagenesis of the sediments, particularly, the impact of temperature and fluid compositions (pH, activity of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and so on) on precipitation and dissolution equilibria of feldspars. Feldspar is extremely easily dissolved in the acid pore water with a low salinity when temperature decreases. The dissolution of anorthite end-member of plagioclase is related to the Ca content of the mineral and the fluid, higher Ca either in the mineral or in the fluid, easier dissolution of the feldspar. Moreover, the dissolution of albite end-member of plagioclase is related to Na of both the mineral and fluid,  相似文献   

山东省地下水资源变化分析     

张静  李瑜  吕红 《水文》2005,25(4):48-50,59

地下水是山东省重要的水资源，对全省经济社会发展起到举足轻重的作用。20年来，由于水资源的外部环境发生了较大变化，导致地下水资源相应发生了很大变化；同时随着对地下水变化规律的进一步认识，评价方法的不断完善，也可在一定程度上表现出地下水资源的变化。通过对山东省第一、二次地下水资源评价中主要因素及评价成果的对比分析，对山东省地下水资源的变化进行了分析，为山东省地下水的合理开发利用提供依据。  相似文献   

基于GIS的地下水水源地补给潜力探讨     

叶超  李宇  田茂勇 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(1):67-69

本文提出了一种基于GIS的补给潜力分析方法。在实例研究中,通过对地形、地表物质组成、包气带岩性、植被覆盖等因子建立的专题图层的叠加分析,确定了地下水的补给潜力分区,结合研究区含水层分布特征,综合确定了水源地的靶区和开采潜力区。研究表明,利用GIS确定研究区降雨入渗补给量是一种高效、直观、可行的方法。  相似文献   

Geochemical Information Indicating the Water Recharge to Lakes and Immovable Megadunes in the Badain Jaran Desert   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CHEN Jiansheng  ZHAO Xi  SHENG Xuefeng  Wang Jiyang  GU Weizu  and CHEN Liang State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources  Hydraulic Engineering  Hohai University  Nanjing  Jiangsu  E-mail: jschen@hhu.edu.cn Institute of Isotope Hydrology Research  Hohai University  Nanjing  Jiangsu Institute of Geology  Geophysics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(4):540-546

1 Introduction The Badain Jaran Desert, located in western Inner Mongolia, China, has a unique landscape containing 144 lakes (72 of which are still watery) with a total water area of about 23 km2, and the world’s highest stationary sand dunes with a height between 200 m and 500 m. Much attention has been paid to the water recharge of the desert in the past decade. Investigations on the resources of water system there have been performed continuously since the early 1990s, which lead to th…  相似文献   

Impacts of land use changes on groundwater resources in the Heihe River Basin     

WANG Genxu  YANG Lingyuan  CHEN Ling  Jumpei Kubota 《地理学报》2005,15(4):405-414

Land use and land cover changes have a great impact on the regional hydrological process. Based on three periods of remote sensing data from the 1960s and the long-term observed data of groundwater from the 1980s, the impacts of land use changes on the groundwater system in the middle reach of Heihe River Basin in recent three decades are analyzed by the perspective of groundwater recharge and discharge system. The results indicate that with the different intensities of land use changes, the impacts on the groundwater recharge were 2.602×108 m3/a in the former 15 years (1969-1985) and 0.218×108 m3/a in the latter 15 years (1986-2000), and the impacts on the groundwater discharge were 2.035×108 m3/a and 4.91×108 m3/a respectively. When the groundwater exploitation was in a reasonable range less than 3.0×108 m3/a, the land use changes could control the changes of regional groundwater resources. Influenced by the land use changes and the large-scale exploitation in the recent decade, the groundwater resources present apparently regional differences in Zhangye region. Realizing the impact of land use changes on groundwater system and the characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of regional groundwater resources would be very important for reasonably utilizing and managing water and soil resources.  相似文献