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81.
Identifying and quantifying urban recharge: a review 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
David N. Lerner 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(1):143-152
The sources of and pathways for groundwater recharge in urban areas are more numerous and complex than in rural environments.
Buildings, roads, and other surface infrastructure combine with man-made drainage networks to change the pathways for precipitation.
Some direct recharge is lost, but additional recharge can occur from storm drainage systems. Large amounts of water are imported
into most cities for supply, distributed through underground pipes, and collected again in sewers or septic tanks. The leaks
from these pipe networks often provide substantial recharge. Sources of recharge in urban areas are identified through piezometry,
chemical signatures, and water balances. All three approaches have problems. Recharge is quantified either by individual components
(direct recharge, water-mains leakage, septic tanks, etc.) or holistically. Working with individual components requires large
amounts of data, much of which is uncertain and is likely to lead to large uncertainties in the final result. Recommended
holistic approaches include the use of groundwater modelling and solute balances, where various types of data are integrated.
Urban recharge remains an under-researched topic, with few high-quality case studies reported in the literature.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
82.
对甘肃省玉门青6井和平凉泾川泾3井两口深水井的水氡及辅助项目观测资料采用多元逐步回归、相关距平、一阶差分等方法进行处理,分析并排除了主要干扰因素,显示出两井在肃南5.4级、托莱6.0级和礼县5.1级地震前有明显异常,对两井的映震效能和地震预报前景进行了评价。 相似文献
83.
为弄清山西夏县中心地震台水氡震前异常的原因 ,对山西夏县中心地震台热水井水氡 1984年以来的观测资料用概率论的数据处理方法进行了处理 ,以负异常的发震原理进行了分析 ,结果表明震前负异常的发震概率为 70 %。 相似文献
84.
85.
The groundwater table has been declining at a rate of 0.65 m/yr in Luancheng County since large scale groundwater extraction
carried out in the 1960s. The drop of precipitation, substantial increase in agricultural output, variations of crop planting
structure and construction of water conservancy projects in the headwater area all tie up with the decline of the groundwater
table. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological conditions and the water resources utilization of Luancheng County, a
three-dimensional groundwater flow model was developed to simulate the county’s groundwater flow through finite-difference
method using Visual Modflow software. We divide the research field into four parts after analyzing the hydrogeological condition.
Based on parameter calibration and adjustment using measured data, the hydraulic conductivity and specific yield were simulated.
Using the calibrated model, we analyze the agricultural water saving potentiality and its influence on the groundwater. The
results are as follows: (1) if we decrease the amount of water extracted by 0.14xl08 m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.33 m; (2) if we decrease the water
by 0.29x 108m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.64 m; and (3) if we increase the
water by 0.29 x 108m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will decline by 0.45 m. So we can draw a conclusion
that controlling the agricultural water use is an important way to prevent the decline of groundwater table. 相似文献
86.
Through the study of mutual process between groundwater systems and eco-environmental water demand, the eco-environmental
water demand is brought into groundwater systems model as the important water consumption item and unification of groundwater’s
economic, environmental and ecological functions were taken into account. Based on eco-environmental water demand at Da’an
in Jilin province, a three-dimensional simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems was established. All
water balance components of groundwater systems in 1998 and 1999 were simulated with this model and the best optimal exploitation
scheme of groundwater systems in 2000 was determined, so that groundwater resource was efficiently utilized and good economic,
ecologic and social benefits were obtained. 相似文献
87.
干旱区地下水脆弱性特征及评价方法探讨 总被引:29,自引:18,他引:29
干旱区地下水脆弱性是地下水系统本身固有的不稳定属性,是系统结构、功能状态在人类活动干扰及气候变化等自然因素作用下具有的敏感性、易变性和弹性的综合反映。可以以河川径流中冰雪融水比重、地表径流入渗占地下水补给比例、地下水补给强度、地表水的引用率等十项指标(IRRUDQELTS)进行定量评价。通过对塔里木盆地南缘地下水脆弱性评价,表明该区属地下水严重脆弱区,其中又以民丰县、皮山县为极端脆弱,结果与实际情况相符合,说明该评价指标体系具有一定的科学性。 相似文献
88.
89.
90.
西部公路路基内部排水效果模拟研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
以半挖半填路基为例,讨论了各类地质单元与路基系统的作用及路基系统内部地下水运动特征,着重分析了地下水对路基边坡稳定性的控制作用,通过敏感性分析,阐明了降低路基边坡地下水位的必要性,研究了地下水对路基系统的作用机理;建立了路基排水的数学模型,对影响路基排水的降雨强度、渗沟间距、排水时间等因素进行了敏感分析;通过对路基系统渗透系数、入渗系数、降雨量及初始水头的不同取值,运用Modflow软件对排水效果进行了模拟;通过工程实例,验证了路基排水设计方案的合理性。 相似文献