Correlating specific conductivity with total hardness in gypsum karst waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wiesława Ewa Krawczyk  Derek C. Ford 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(4):612-620

Modern digital conductivity meters are readily portable, robust, cheap, and give precisely reproducible values of specific electrical conductivity (SpC, in µS cm^?1). Here we investigate the accuracy of their estimates of the amounts of gypsum dissolved in waters collected in gypsum karst terrains, expressed as total hardness (TH) in mg L^?1 of CaSO₄·2H₂O (GYP). Total dissolved solid concentrations (TDS) are also considered. Curves obtained with the program PHREEQC, for the dissolution of pure gypsum in water at 25 C, are compared with 574 comprehensive water chemical analyses selected from gypsum karst studies in Europe and the Americas. Principal common and foreign ions encountered are the BNC group (bicarbonates, nitrates, chlorides). It is found that GYP = 1·12^·SpC + 62 where BNC < 33% (Cl^? < 5%), with one standard error <5% for waters with SpC > 2400 µS cm^?1; GYP = 0·74^·SpC + 777 where BNC < 33% (5% ≤ Cl^? < 15%), with one standard error <10% for waters with SpC > 3100 µS cm^?1; GYP = 0·97^·SpC ? 209 where BNC < 33% and Cl^? ≥ 15%, with one standard error <10% for samples with SpC > 4300 µS cm^?1. There are similar results for the more complex waters found in gypsum karsts where much carbonate rock or salt is also present, to the limit of BNC < 50% for what may reasonably be defined as ‘gypsum waters’. Values of R² for linear correlations of different subsets of the water samples range from 0·69 to 0·96, the majority being >0·8. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

关于金刚石钻头胎体硬度分布的试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

汤凤林  Чихоткин В.Ф.  彭莉  李晓磊  赵俊彩 《探矿工程》2015,42(9):65-71

钻头胎体硬度是一项重要技术指标,应与所钻岩石的硬度（可钻性）和研磨性相适应。胎体硬度直接影响钻探技术经济指标的提高和钻进工艺参数的选择。试验研究表明,钻头胎体硬度分布很不均匀,差别很大。首先应从胎体烧结工艺上找原因,烧结压力偏小（5 MPa）可能是首要原因。钻头、工艺参数、操作技术等都很重要,缺一不可。钻进技术经济指标低,不一定都是钻头质量问题,要从多方面进行研究。提倡把经验打钻提高到科学打钻上来。  相似文献   

冰硬度试验台设计与试验          下载免费PDF全文

范晓鹏  Pavel Talalay  张楠  刘刚  张奇  刘旭超  冯敏强 《探矿工程》2014,41(9):67-70

极地冰层硬度特性对铠装电缆电动机械取心钻具反扭装置设计和使用具有重要意义。针对冰层特殊的物理性质,结合材料硬度测试原理,设计了一套可在模拟极地冰层低温条件下测量冰硬度特性的硬度试验台。该试验台由低温冷柜、硬度测试台和数据采集及控制系统3部分组成,其中,数据采集及控制系统隔离在常温环境中,降低了元器件对环境温度的要求。利用该试验台对硬度压头压入冰层的压力和深度进行数据检测,换算得到相应的硬度值。对设计的试验台进行初步实验表明,该试验台工作状态良好,数据准确,可满足对低温材料硬度特性的检测。  相似文献   

新疆博州地区地下水水化学成分特征灰关联分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈志军  朱健  张晶 《盐湖研究》2009,17(1)

依据新疆博州地区20处地下水水样的水质化验数据,应用关联分析与相关分析相结合的分析方法,分析了地下水样中几种成分与总硬度、总碱度、电导率及矿化度4个指标之间的关系。结果表明,总硬度变化主要受Mg2+影响,水中HCO3-含量与总碱度关系密切,电导率主要受SO42-影响,SO42-与Cl-对矿化度有较大影响。通过相关分析,发现它们之间线性相关性较好。  相似文献   

Low impact surface hardness testing (Equotip) on porous surfaces – advances in methodology with implications for rock weathering and stone deterioration research          下载免费PDF全文

Katrin Wilhelm  Heather Viles  Órlaith Burke 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(8):1027-1038

The Equotip surface hardness tester is becoming a popular method for rock and stone weathering research. In order to improve the reliability of Equotip for on‐site application this study tested four porous limestones under laboratory conditions. The range of stone porosity was chosen to represent likely porosities found in weathered limestones in the field. We consider several key issues: (i) its suitability for soft and porous stones; (ii) the type of probe required for specific on‐site applications; (iii) appropriate (non‐parametrical) statistical methods for Equotip data; (iv) sufficient sampling size. This study shows that the Equotip is suitable for soft and porous rock and stone. From the two tested probes the DL probe has some advantages over the D probe as it correlates slightly better with open porosity and allows for more controlled sampling in recessed areas and rough or curved areas. We show that appropriate sampling sizes and robust non‐parametric methods for subsequent data evaluation can produce meaningful measures of rock surface hardness derived from the Equotip. The novel Hybrid dynamic hardness, a combination of two measuring procedures [single impact method (SIM) and repeated impact method (RIM)], has been adapted and is based on median values to provide a more robust data evaluation. For the tested stones in this study we propose a sample size of 45 readings (for a confidence level of 95%). This approach can certainly be transferred to stone and rock with similar porosities and hardness. Our approach also allows for consistent comparisons to be made across a wide variety of studies in the fields of rock weathering and stone deterioration research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

LA-ICP-MS分析中不同莫氏硬度矿物激光剥蚀行为及剥蚀速率研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王辉  汪方跃  盛兆秋 《岩石矿物学杂志》2019,38(1):113-120

系统研究了193 nm Ar F准分子激光系统对不同莫氏硬度天然矿物(滑石、石膏、绿泥石、方解石、磷灰石、透闪石、钠长石、黄玉、刚玉、萤石、石英)的剥蚀行为及剥蚀坑形貌特征,获得了10种天然矿物的剥蚀速率,其排序为:石英石膏滑石方解石磷灰石≥透闪石钠长石黄玉刚玉萤石,而绿泥石测试误差极大。结合前人数据,发现除石英、石膏、萤石外,其他矿物剥蚀速率与其莫氏硬度呈负相关。  相似文献   

喀斯特地区瀑布效应产生的自然水软化过程   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

章典  Mervyn Peart  师长兴  张英俊  朱安  程星 《沉积学报》2004,22(2):288-294

在喀斯特地区,水流过瀑布后硬度会发生降低,这种现象一般称为瀑布效应,其中包括汽化,射流和低压作用。瀑布效应会引起两种河水物理性质的变化,即气水界面面积和涡流的增加。为了弄清瀑布效应和这些物理性质变化是否会减少水的硬度,本研究设计并进行了一系列的试验。通过改变气水界面面积试验,发现界面面积越大,导电率降低的速率越快,由此造成Ca2+的沉淀。利用自行设计的气泡生成器进行试验,发现有气泡发生的地方,水的硬度降低很快。试验还发现,从射流器喷出的超饱和溶液的硬度快速减小,而pH值增大。鸭河和滴水岩瀑布的实际观测证实,有汽化现象发生的地方,水的硬度降低很快,钙沉淀的平均速率也最高。  相似文献   

酸碱软硬度在成矿理论研究中的应用     

兰斌明  贾建业  谢娟  王建成 《地球科学与环境学报》1999,21(2):71

以Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸碱理论为基础发展起来的酸碱软硬度的理论广泛地应用于解释各类化学现象,包括类质同象置换,共生,应用于评价和预测化学反应极为简便和实用。然而,软硬酸碱度原理的理论基础尚在不断地充实之中。本文简要讨论了硫化物矿物的酸碱势标度,用酸碱软硬度理论解释了矿物的类质同象现象,是应用酸碱软硬度理论揭示和完善矿物成矿理论的一种偿试。  相似文献   

黄河流域河流水化学特征初步分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

过常龄 《地理研究》1987,6(3):65-73

本文根据黄河流域69个水化学测站500个站年资料分析了水化学特征及其区域分异。  相似文献   

柳州市白云岩区钻孔取芯判断岩体完整性研究     

肖尚惠 《南方国土资源》1998,(1)

建筑岩基的岩体完整性划分是否准确直接影响到建筑物的安全性、施工的可行性及经济性,文章通过钻孔取芯观察岩石破裂面,研究岩质坚硬程度,结合辅助钻进速度、进尺、压力及返水情况,综合判断岩体的完整性,即不要进行统计又无需做测试,具有直观、快速、易行等特点,经２８个工程实例开挖检验吻合率达１００％,准确率高。  相似文献