Silicate-bearing iron meteorites and their implications for the evolution of asteroidal parent bodies     

Alex Ruzicka 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2014

Silicate-bearing iron meteorites differ from other iron meteorites in containing variable amounts of silicates, ranging from minor to stony-iron proportions (∼50%). These irons provide important constraints on the evolution of planetesimals and asteroids, especially with regard to the nature of metal–silicate separation and mixing. I present a review and synthesis of available data, including a compilation and interpretation of host metal trace-element compositions, oxygen-isotope compositions, textures, mineralogy, phase chemistries, and bulk compositions of silicate portions, ages of silicate and metal portions, and thermal histories. Case studies for the petrogeneses of igneous silicate lithologies from different groups are provided. Silicate-bearing irons were formed on multiple parent bodies under different conditions. The IAB/IIICD irons have silicates that are mainly chondritic in composition, but include some igneous lithologies, and were derived from a volatile-rich asteroid that underwent small amounts of silicate partial melting but larger amounts of metallic melting. A large proportion of IIE irons contain fractionated alkali-silica-rich inclusions formed as partial melts of chondrite, although other IIE irons have silicates of chondritic composition. The IIEs were derived from an H-chondrite-like asteroid that experienced more significant melting than the IAB asteroid. The two stony-iron IVAs were derived from an extensively melted and apparently chemically processed L or LL-like asteroid that also produced a metallic core. Ungrouped silicate-bearing irons were derived from seven additional asteroids. Hf–W age data imply that metal–silicate separation occurred within 0–10 Ma of CAI formation for these irons, suggesting internal heating by ²⁶Al. Chronometers were partly re-set at later times, mainly earlier for the IABs and later for the IIEs, including one late (3.60 ± 0.15 Ga) strong impact that affected the “young silicate” IIEs Watson (unfractionated silicate, and probable impact melt), Netschaëvo (unfractionated, and metamorphosed), and Kodaikanal (fractionated). Kodaikanal probably did not undergo differentiation in this late impact, but the similar ages of the “young silicate” IIEs imply that relatively undifferentiated and differentiated materials co-existed on the same asteroid. The thermal histories and petrogeneses of fractionated IIE irons and IVA stony irons are best accommodated by a model of disruption and reassembly of partly molten asteroids.  相似文献   

Multiphase partial and selective dolomitization of Carnian reef limestone (Transdanubian Range,Hungary)     

János Haas  Tamás Budai  Orsolya Győri  Sándor Kele 《Sedimentology》2014,61(3):836-859

Partially dolomitized carbonate successions provide a good opportunity to understand the commonly multistage process of dolomitization. Petrographic methods, fluid inclusion microthermometry and stable isotope measurements were applied to reconstruct the diagenetic evolution and dolomitization of a partially dolomitized Carnian reef limestone from the Transdanubian Range, Hungary. The diagenetic history began with reef diagenesis and formation of dolomite micro‐aggregates in microbial fabric elements; this was followed by the development of euhedral porphyrotopic dolomite crystals through overgrowths around the previously formed dolomite micro‐aggregates during the earliest burial stage. Increasing burial resulted in the extension of the dolomite patches via formation of finely crystalline replacement dolomite. From the Late Norian, when the Carnian reef carbonates reached the depth of 1·0 to 1·8 km, the diagenetic evolution continued in an intermediate to deep‐burial setting. Contemporaneously, an extensional regime was established, leading to fracturing. The progressive burial resulted in the recrystallization of the pre‐existing dolomite with increasing temperature, while saddle dolomite cement was precipitated in fractures. In connection with the Alpine Orogeny, intense denudation took place during the Late Cretaceous, accompanied by fracturing. Similar tectonically controlled denudation and fracturing occurred in several stages during the Cenozoic. As a result of these processes, the studied Carnian carbonates were raised to a near‐surface position or became subaerially exposed, leading to dedolomitization of the last dolomite phase and precipitation of calcite cement in cavities and fractures. This study revealed that by investigating partially and selectively dolomitized rock types, it is possible to document and understand those stages of the multiple dolomitization process which can barely be detected in the completely dolomitized rock bodies. Recognition of the dolomitization phases could provide the basis for the analysis of their relations with the depositional, diagenetic and tectonic processes, and stages of basin evolution.  相似文献   

济阳拗陷东营凹陷盐岩中的烃类包裹体 及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈勇  周振柱  高永进  王鑫涛  高婷  陈中红 《地质论评》2014,60(2):464-472

本文报道在东营凹陷盐岩中发现大量烃类包裹体,这证实盐岩曾经失去封闭能力,成为油气运移通道。在对其盐水包裹体进行均一温度测试时发现,由于捕获压力与实验环境压力差异很大,再加上岩盐在水中溶解度随温度升高而增大,导致测温过程盐水包裹体体积变化和拉伸效应明显,所以同期盐水包裹体的均一温度出现较大波动,结果也不可靠,而纯烃类包裹体在一定程度上可以避免溶解度变化的影响,其均一温度有一定指示意义。通过对岩盐中的烃类包裹体均一温度初步校正,结合埋藏史和热史分析,认为至少存在两期与盐岩层变形有关的烃类流体活动,活动时期分别在东营期和明化镇期。流体对岩盐颗粒滑动和盐岩层变形有极其重要的影响,重结晶的岩盐晶体及其中的流体包裹体是流体作用的直接证据。盐岩中的流体来源、运移方向、活动期次和流体作用下的盐岩变形温度和压力是需要解决的关键问题,这对于了解含油气盆地中盐岩层对油气成藏的控制作用有重要意义。  相似文献   

内蒙古宜里钼矿流体包裹体特征及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄凡 《地质与勘探》2014,50(3):445-453

内蒙古宜里钼矿是大兴安岭北段新近发现的具有大型钼矿前景的中型斑岩型钼矿床。矿区地质特征简单,已发现钼矿体主要分布在F4断层的上盘,辉钼矿呈细(网)脉状产出。赋矿围岩主要为二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩和卧都河组地层。流体包裹体研究表明,宜里钼矿石英脉中的流体包裹体主要呈星散状随机分布或成群分布,其大小集中在3~10μm,形态多样,包裹体类型主要有气液两相、纯液相、纯气相包裹体、含子晶矿物的多相包裹体。包裹体均一温度和盐度呈现出双峰式分布特征,均一温度峰值分别集中在165℃~215℃和265℃~340℃,w(NaCl)%峰值分别集中在为3~7和11~14。成矿流体的密度主要集中在0.613 g/cm3~0.972 g/cm3。综合成矿阶段和成矿特征,成矿流体类型为高温低盐度和中温低盐度的中等密度的成矿流体。根据成矿压力估算,矿床形成古深度约为1.24~1.52km。包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析表明包裹体中气相和液相成分均以H2O、CO2为主,并发现有含黄铜矿子晶包裹体,代表了成矿阶段的流体特征。  相似文献   

滇西宝兴厂斑岩铜钼金矿床成矿流体特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孙诺  黄明  闵毅  陈浪  刘江涛  曹宝宝  熊伊曲 《岩石学报》2014,30(9):2644-2656

宝兴厂斑岩铜钼金矿床是三江成矿带上与富碱斑岩有关的典型斑岩型矿床,产出于金沙江-哀牢山深大断裂带中部东侧。宝兴厂矿床铜、钼、金、铁等各类型矿化皆有发育,具有复杂的岩浆活动及热液演化。矿区岩浆岩主要为喜马拉雅期富碱复式岩体,包括正长斑岩、石英二长斑岩、花岗斑岩和斑状花岗岩等,具有多期次侵入特征。铜钼矿体主要分布于花岗斑岩和斑状花岗岩内部,铁金矿体主要分布于岩体内外接触带上,矿体呈脉状、透镜状或似层状。热液蚀变由内向外分带显著,依次为钾硅酸盐化(黑云母化)、绢云母化、青磐岩化(绿泥石-绿帘石化),局部黏土化。本文通过系统的野外观测、详细的岩芯编录以及全面的岩相学观察,依据矿物共生组合、矿化热液脉体穿切关系及蚀变特征,将宝兴厂矿床内主要矿化脉体分为3类:A脉、B脉及D脉。通过对3类脉体内石英中流体包裹体的显微测温工作和成矿流体物理化学条件计算,剖析了成矿流体演化特征,探讨了成矿作用过程与成因机理。A脉与钾长石化和黑云母化蚀变关系密切,多为不规则脉状,宽约1~5mm,矿物组合一般为石英±钾长石±黑云母±少量黄铜矿±少量黄铁矿。石英多呈他形细粒,少量黄铁矿、黄铜矿沿石英颗粒边界呈浸染状产出。脉体中常含有黑云母、钾长石,两侧常见钾长石蚀变晕。A脉中一般没有矿化。B脉宽约15~30mm,矿物组合一般为:石英±辉钼矿±黄铜矿±黄铁矿。靠近脉壁的石英多为他形细粒,向中心转变为长柱状垂直于脉壁对称生长。硫化物呈线状分布于脉体的中心或边缘。B脉一般没有蚀变,偶见少量的绿帘石化-绿泥石化。D脉与绿泥石化-绢云母化关系密切,脉体规则连续,脉体宽度变化范围大,为1~30mm。矿物组合一般为石英±绿泥石±黄铁矿±少量黄铜矿。石英数量较少,多呈半自形-他形粗粒,相对于B脉黄铁矿含量明显增多,黄铜矿含量减少,呈浸染状分布,脉体中钾长石、黑云母常蚀变为绢云母和绿泥石,脉体两侧常具有绿泥石-绢云母蚀变晕。A脉形成于成矿早阶段斑岩尚未固结时,其流体包裹体以含子晶(NaCl子晶为主)多相包裹体和富气相包裹体组合为特点,均一温度为364~550℃,盐度分别集中在45.64%~52.89%NaCleqv(含子晶多相包裹体)和3.3%~16.34%NaCleqv(气液两相包裹体)两个区间内,该阶段流体显示出沸腾、不混溶及发生相分离特征。根据A脉中5个含石盐子晶的包裹体压力估算图,得出宝兴厂矿床A脉中LVH相包裹体被捕获时的最低压力为50~145MPa,按地压梯度27MPa/km换算,A脉形成的深度最少1.8~5.4km。B脉形成于成矿主阶段,石英中发育含子晶多相包裹体(NaCl子晶)和富气相包裹体,均一温度为210~410℃,盐度集中在34.24%~52.04%NaCleqv和5.23%~13.99%NaCleqv两个区间内,该阶段成矿流体发生减压沸腾作用,使得Cu、Mo、Au大量沉淀,根据NaCl-H2O体系P-T相图压力估算,B脉的形成压力大约为15~48MPa,形成深度为0.56~1.78km。D脉形成于成矿晚阶段,石英以发育大量富液相包裹体为特征,均一温度为223~303℃,盐度集中在3.53%~11.71%NaCleqv范围内,该阶段成矿流体以中-低温、低盐度的岩浆热液与大气降水的混合流体为主,流体压力也降低到15MPa,形成深度不超过0.56km。宝兴厂矿床热液流体演化总体趋势为:由早阶段的高温、中-高盐度的岩浆热液向成矿晚阶段中-低温、低盐度的岩浆热液+大气降水混合流体转变。  相似文献   

Application of Hydrothermal Diamond Anvil Cell to Homogenization Experiments of Silicate Melt Inclusions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Jiankang  LI Shenghu 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(3):854-864

The homogenization of silicate melt inclusions （SMIs）,small droplets of silicate melt trapped in magmatic minerals,is an important component of petrogenetic and magmatic research.Conventional homogenization experiments on SMIs use microscope-mounted heating stages capable of producing high temperatures at 1 atm and cold-seal high-pressure vessels.Heating stages are generally used for SMIs with low internal pressures and allow in situ observations of the homogenization processes.In contrast,cold-seal high-pressure vessels are generally used to heat SMIs that have high internal pressures,although the homogenized SMIs can only be observed after quenching in this approach.Here we outline an alternative approach that uses a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell （HDAC） apparatus to homogenize SMIs.This is the only current method wherein phase changes in high-internal-pressure SMIs can be observed in situ during homogenization experiments,which represents an advantage over other conventional methods.Using an HDAC apparatus prevents high-internal-pressure SMIs from decrepitating during heating by elevating their external pressure,in addition to allowing in situ observations of SMIs.The type-V HDAC that is currently being used has a shorter distance between the sample chamber and the observation window than earlier types,potentially enabling continuous observation of the processes involved in heating and SMI homogenization through an objective lens with a long working distance.Homogenization experiments using HDAC require that a number of steps,including HDAC preparation,sample preparation,sample loading,preheating,and formal heating,be carefully followed.Homogenization experiments on SMIs within granite samples from the Jiajika pegmatite deposit （Sichuan,China） are best performed using an HDAC-based approach,because the elevated proper external pressure of these SMIs,combined with a short heating duration,helps to suppress material leakage and any reactions within the SMIs,in addition to allowing in situ observatio  相似文献   

The homogenization temperature in the fluid inclusions of Ordovician halite and paleoclimatic implication     

HU Bin  KONG Fanjing  ZHANG Yongsheng  ZHENG Mianping  CHEN Jing 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):10-11

正1 Introduction The homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions reflects the temperatures of the brines from which halite crystals grew.Therefore,it is a powerful mean to reveal the paleoclimate.Northern Shaanxi Salt Basin is located in the central and eastern of Ordos Basin.We have detail petrographical research and the homogenization  相似文献   

利用包裹体测温资料估算早子沟金矿成岩成矿压力及ｐＨ、Eh值          下载免费PDF全文

陈国忠  张愿宁  梁志录  麻红顺  李鹏兵  王建龙 《甘肃地质》2014,23(4):23-32

早子沟金矿位于秦岭造山带西段夏河—合作断裂带上,矿区成矿作用与岩浆热液及断裂构造关系密切,矿区岩浆岩内石英中含有大量熔体包裹体及流体包裹体,显微测温结果显示,熔体包裹体均一温度范围为700℃-790℃,流体包裹体分为H2O-NaCl包裹体、NaCl-H2O-CO2包裹体、H2O-CO2包裹体3种类型,包裹体均一温度范围为195℃-360℃,本文通过对熔体包裹体的研究,采用“熔体包裹体＋流体包裹体”的方法 ,估算矿区岩浆岩成岩压力为275MPa,依据断裂带流体垂直分带规律,计算得到早子沟金矿成岩深度为13.96km,成矿深度为2.10-6.02km,平均成矿深度为4.06km。表明矿区深部成矿找矿尚有很大潜力。应用刘斌及Ryzhenko and Bryzgalin推导的计算流体包裹体pH值及Eh值的公式,对矿区不同体系（类型）流体包裹体的pH值及Eh值进行了估算,其结果表明：早子沟金矿包裹体的pH值为2.25-5.88,成矿溶液为酸性,在成矿阶段pH呈升高的趋势;包裹体的Eh值为0.409-0.139V,成矿溶液体系从早期到晚期Eh呈逐渐降低的趋势。pH值及Eh值的这种变化趋势,均有利于矿区Au元素的沉淀富集。  相似文献   

黑龙江嘉荫平顶山金矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因     

包真艳  ;王建  ;杨言辰  ;王林  ;宋樾  ;李良  ;刘建国 《世界地质》2014,33(2):358-366

平顶山金矿床位于佳木斯地块东北部,矿床的产出受断裂构造控制,矿体主要赋存于高角度张性破碎带中,矿石类型为石英脉和蚀变岩两种。笔者在对平顶山金矿的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征详细研究基础上,通过对各成矿阶段代表性的原生流体包裹体进行岩相学观察、显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析,探讨了成矿流体性质和矿床成因类型。流体包裹体研究表明,流体包裹体以气液两相为主。主成矿阶段流体均一温度具有中低温(142.2℃～267.3℃)、低盐度(1.90%～4.32%NaCl)、低密度(0.81～0.94 g/cm3)的特征。包裹体气相成分主要为H2O,其次为CH4和CO2,液相成分主要为H2O和CH4。综合研究表明,平顶山金矿属于受断裂控制的中低温热液脉型金矿床。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地中西部长8砂岩的流体包裹体特征与油气成藏期次分析          下载免费PDF全文

罗春艳  罗静兰  罗晓容  白雪见  雷裕红  程明 《高校地质学报》2014,20(4):623

利用流体包裹体的分析测试技术与研究方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地中西部长8油层组的成藏期次进行了研究。烃类包裹
体及其伴生的盐水包裹体的岩相学特征、均一温度、盐度、密度及成分分析显示,长8储层主要发育两期烃类包裹体,第
一期分布在早期方解石胶结物、石英颗粒表面及其连生的石英加大边中以及未切穿石英颗粒的早期愈合裂缝中,其伴生盐
水包裹体的均一温度峰值为80~90℃;第二期烃类包裹体分布在石英颗粒表面和切穿石英颗粒的裂缝中,其伴生盐水包裹
体的均一温度峰值为100~120℃。储层成岩作用与油气充注微观分析、成岩-烃类充注演化时间序列研究,结合地层埋藏史
和热史分析表明,研究区经历了三期烃类充注事件：第一期（约169~161 Ma） 充注规模小,砂岩中未捕获到这一期适合进
行均一温度与成分测定的烃类包裹体,因此本研究缺乏这期包裹体的温度与成分数据;第二期（约148~135 Ma） 烃类充注
对应前述获得均一温度与成分数据的第一期烃类包裹体;第三期烃类充注规模最大,发生在早白垩世晚期的125.2~105.7 Ma
之间,为主成藏期,对应前述获得均一温度与成分数据的第二期烃类包裹体。  相似文献