Effects of groundwater flow on mineral diagenesis, with emphasis on carbonate aquifers     

Hans G. Machel 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(1):94-107

 This article provides a critical synopsis of the effects of groundwater flow on mineral diagenesis. Emphasis is placed on those aspects and processes that change porosity and permeability in carbonate aquifers, because they are of particular importance to human societies as sources of supplies of water for human consumption (drinking, irrigation) and of crude oil and natural gas. Diagenetic settings in carbonates as well as clastics are generally ill defined. This paper proposes a new comprehensive classification of diagenetic settings into near-surface, shallow-, intermediate-, and deep-burial diagenetic settings; hydrocarbon-contaminated plumes; and fractures. These settings are defined on the basis of mineralogy, petroleum, hydrogeochemistry, and hydrogeology. This classification is applicable to all sedimentary basins. Diagenesis is governed by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors that include thermodynamic and kinetic constraints, as well as microstructural factors that may override the others. These factors govern diagenetic processes, such as dissolution, compaction, recrystallization, replacement, and sulfate–hydrocarbon redox-reactions. Processes such as cementation, dissolution, and dolomitization require significant flow of groundwater driven by an externally imposed hydraulic gradient. Other processes, such as stylolitization and thermochemical sulfate reduction, commonly take place without significant groundwater flow in hydrologically nearly or completely stagnant systems that are geochemically "closed." Two major effects of groundwater flow on mineral diagenesis are enhancement and reduction of porosity and permeability, although groundwater flow can also leave these rock properties essentially unchanged. In extreme cases, an aquifer or hydrocarbon reservoir rock can have highly enhanced porosity and permeability due to extensive mineral dissolution, or it can be plugged up due to extensive mineral precipitation. Received, April 1998 · Revised, July 1998 · Accepted, September 1998  相似文献   

Quantifying the relative impact of hydrological and hydraulic modelling parameterizations on uncertainty of inundation maps     

A. Annis  F. Nardi  E. Volpi  A. Fiori 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(4):507-523

ABSTRACT

Flood risk management strongly relies on inundation models for river basin zoning in flood-prone and risk-free areas. Floodplain zoning is significantly affected by the diverse and concurrent uncertainties that characterize the modelling chain used for producing inundation maps. In order to quantify the relative impact of the uncertainties linked to a lumped hydrological (rainfall–runoff) model and a FLO-2D hydraulic model, a Monte Carlo procedure is proposed in this work. The hydrological uncertainty is associated with the design rainfall estimation method, while the hydraulic model uncertainty is associated with roughness parameterization. This uncertainty analysis is tested on the case study of the Marta coastal catchment in Italy, by comparing the different frequency, extent and depth of inundation simulations associated with varying rainfall forcing and/or hydraulic model roughness realizations. The results suggest a significant predominance of the hydrological uncertainty with respect to the hydraulic one on the overall uncertainty associated with the simulated inundation maps.  相似文献   

非饱和土壤水分运动参数的确定——以河南驻马店亚粘土为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

于金霞  郭会荣  方琼 《地下水》2006,28(4):25-27

土壤水分运动参数的选取和确定是研究包气带中水分贮存和运动的基础.本文以河南驻马店亚粘土为例,进行了非饱和土壤水分运动参数的测定.通过将实测数据与经验模型拟合,将实验结果、计算结果和拟合结果进行了对比分析,发现所用的经验模型与实际数据吻合较好.研究结果表明选用的经验模型是可靠的,从而确定了土壤水分运动最优参数.  相似文献   

弹性填料处理河道污水实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程洪  黄伟  莫斌  雷金勇  余谦  徐文炘 《矿产与地质》2006,20(2):174-177

采用弹性填料曝气生物膜法对污染的河道水体进行处理的实验研究,结果表明,在2m/h的流速、水温为16℃~18℃、气水比为1∶1的条件下,采用弹性填料的生物膜处理系统运转正常,不易发生堵塞或系统短流,系统此时的水力停留时间为3.5h左右,污水中的COD和NH3-N去除率稳定,其均值分别为49.4%和19.1%。  相似文献   

多股水平淹没射流水力特性的影响因素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李艳玲  华国春  张建民  杨永全 《水科学进展》2006,17(6):761-766

采用数值模拟和模型试验相结合的方法,分析了水股分层、坎高、出口体型和跌坎形式等因素对多股水平淹没射流的流态稳定性和水力特性的影响。研究表明,多股多层水平淹没射流较单层多股水平淹没射流流态稳定性好、临底流速低、消能率高,是一种高效的新型消能方式。结合试验结果,提出中孔泄槽以等宽或微收缩为宜、表中孔最优坎高差应大于中孔水流的主流水深、跌坎形式的选择应结合具体工程特点等建议。  相似文献   

辽宁深井承压水位潮汐响应函数的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐九安  梁子斌  常千军  范五基 《东北地震研究》2006,22(1):5-10

介绍了辽宁省地震水动态监测网19口井固体潮汐响应函数的计算结果,基于M2波潮汐因子及其月离散相对误差,分析了各观测井潮汐响应函数对地壳应变的响应灵敏度、潮汐因子的动态稳定性和监测效能。结果表明:在所列19口观测井中,如果以M2波潮汐因子0.2m/10-9作为潮汐响应幅值的下限,则除甘沟子以外的18口井可用于潮汐响应函数的研究;如果以M2波潮汐因子的月离散相对误差20%作为选择观测井的上限,则除瓦房店楼房井、岫岩1井、周家井、丹东变电所井、牛四井、容2井和阜新市甘沟子等井以外的12口井可用于潮汐参数的动态特征研究。  相似文献   

水压致裂地应力测试方法在云南大理-丽江铁路隧道工程中的应用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

李金锁 彭华马秀敏  黎建文廖怀青 杨绍喜 《地质通报》2006,25(5):644-648

利用水压致裂地应力测试方法对实际工程区进行了地应力测量,确定了工程区隧道围岩现今的地壳应力状态,即原地应力的大小和方向.根据地应力分布特征,分析了隧道开挖过程中发生岩爆等地质灾害的可能性.地应力测量数据的分析结果可作为隧道衬砌的设计、断面的选择及轴线方位的确定的科学依据.  相似文献   

水对不同岩石声波速度影响的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王煜霞  许波涛 《岩土工程技术》2006,20(3):144-146

通过分析不同成因类型岩石的声波速度,提出了水对不同岩石声波速度的影响,从岩石孔隙及隐微裂隙的发育程度及岩石的水理性质解释了在水的作用下岩石声波变化规律,利用这些规律可以初步判断岩石的隐微裂隙发育程度及水理性质。  相似文献   

基于粒径分维值检验的松散介质渗透系数空间估值——以河北平原为例     

罗晓娟  徐恒力  叶含春 《地质科技情报》2007,26(1):87-90

为了克服松散含水介质非均质性各向异性对介质渗透系数的求取所带来的困难,以水动力条件为线索,利用互相关法寻找同一时代地层及同一时代地表水的主、次流方向.在主流方向上,建立了石家庄-束鹿-衡水段介质颗粒粒径随距离递变的数学模型,并以此为基础推求无钻孔地段的粒径.同时,运用分形理论,计算了中、上更新统地层主流方向平均粒径空间分布的分维值,并将其作为检验粒径估值正确与否的判据.通过不同岩性的渗透系数-深度模型,实现了用平均粒径预测渗透系数的全过程.  相似文献   

帷幕灌浆在坝基防渗处理中的应用——以新疆乌什水水库为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹兴山  陈志猛  陈厚军 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2007,18(1):104-110

新疆乌什水水库为注入式水库。于1984年始修,总库容3850×104m3,灌溉下游农田。因坝基严重渗漏,2002年被新疆水利专家评为险库,对坝基需进行防渗帷幕灌浆处理。为此,设计和施工中确定了坝基防渗处理原则,从而探索出一套最佳的灌浆工艺。现场运用多种手段对灌浆质量进行全面检查,对施工全过程实施质量控制和跟踪监理,使施工的838个灌浆孔(总进尺25804.18m)的优良率达84.8%,7个固结灌浆单元和21个帷幕灌浆单元工程合格率达100%。固结灌浆和帷幕灌浆部分工程及坝基防渗帷幕单位工程均被评为优良工程。  相似文献