Mexico City subsidence observed with persistent scatterer InSAR     

Batuhan Osmanoğlu  Timothy H. Dixon  Shimon Wdowinski  Enrique Cabral-Cano  Yan Jiang 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

We analyzed 23 satellite SAR (synthetic aperture radar) scenes using Persistent Scatter Interferometry (PSI) to study subsidence in Mexico City associated with groundwater withdrawal. The data were acquired by the Envisat ASAR system between January 2004 and July 2006. The spatial pattern of subsidence and the maximum subsidence rate (300 mm/year) are similar to earlier studies. Comparison to independent GPS data indicates RMS agreement between the two techniques of 6.9 mm/year, about the level expected based on joint data uncertainty. Significant annual variation in the GPS vertical data is not observed, suggesting minimal aquifer recharge during the rainy season, and justifying a simple linear model of phase variation through time for the PSI analysis.  相似文献   

基于区域网平差的InSAR基线估计方法     

靳国旺  吴一戎  向茂生  徐青  秦志远 《测绘学报》2011,40(5):616-622,627

为有效减少大面积、多套干涉数据基线估计所需的地面控制点数量、降低接边处反演高程的差异,提出考虑干涉相位偏置的InSAR区域网平差基线估计方法。采用中国科学院电子学研究所机载InSAR系统获取的多套干涉数据进行了区域网平差基线估计试验,利用少量地面控制点完成了各套干涉数据的基线估计,减小接边处反演高程的差异,验证该基线估计方法的有效性。  相似文献   

Doppler properties of spaceborne/airborne hybrid bistatic synthetic aperture radar     

Yonghong Yang 《地球空间信息科学学报》2011,14(1):68-72

In this paper,a special geometry case of spaceborne-airborne bistatic SAR(SA-BiSAR) is considered,in which satellite and aircraft flight paths are parallel and their antennas are steering at the strip map.This case is a simple but typical application example,which is applicable for non-cooperative illumination.The integration time of SA-BiSAR system is derived via the motion of transmitter and receiver footprint.In parallel and stripmap mode,Doppler frequency is obtained through the combination be-tween spaceborne and airborne SAR.Other Doppler properties have been envisaged,including Doppler bandwidth and azimuth resolution.The overall simulation experiments are conducted and some characteristics are exhibited.The critical parameters,which have the significant effect on the SA-BiSAR Doppler properties,are extracted by analytical expressions and numerical simulations.In parallel and strip map mode and with reference to ENVISAT-1,SA-BiSAR system possesses the potential of yielding 10 m azi-muth resolution and 0.5 s integration time for C-band via the analysis of simulation results.  相似文献   

基于正八面体的四孔六边形球面格网编码及索引   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白建军 《遥感学报》2011,15(6):1131-1146

将正八面体上下相邻的两个三角形面片合并成一个四分体,建立二维坐标系,在此基础上采用六边形格网单元的层次编码方案,分析了不同位置格网单元的编码特征,提出了一种“孔4双轴查找算法”,实现了相应的邻接单元及父、子单元查找,并进行了相关实验及对比分析。结果表明,该算法和传统的Vince算法相比较,邻接单元查找速度提高了约900倍,父单元和子单元的查找速度均提高了约120倍。  相似文献   

Turbulent shear stresses in hydraulic jumps,bores and decelerating surges     

Hubert Chanson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(2):180-189

In an open channel, a sudden rise in water level induces a positive surge, or bore, that may develop as a hydraulic jump in translation. When the surge propagates against an adverse slope, it decelerates until it becomes a stationary hydraulic jump. Both hydraulic jumps and decelerating surges induce some intense turbulent mixing and have some major impact on the sediment transport in natural systems. Herein, a physical investigation was conducted in a relatively large rectangular channel. Hydraulic jumps and surges were generated by the rapid closure of a gate at the channel downstream end. The turbulent shear stresses were measured with high temporal and spatial resolution (200 Hz sampling rate) in the jump flow. A comparison between the stationary hydraulic jump, hydraulic jump in translation and decelerating surge measurements showed some marked differences in terms of turbulent mixing. The results highlighted some intense mixing beneath the jump front and roller for all configurations. The levels of turbulent stresses were one to two orders of magnitude larger than a critical threshold for sediment motion. The findings provide some insights into the hydraulic jump migration processes in mobile bed channels, and the complex transformation from a moving jump into a stationary jump. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Consistent parameter constraints for soil hydraulic functions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Andre Peters  Wolfgang DurnerGerd Wessolek 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(10):1352-1365

Parameters of functions to describe soil hydraulic properties are derived from measurements by means of parameter estimation. Of crucial importance here is the choice of correct constraints in the parameter space. Often, the parameters are mere shape parameters without physical meaning, giving flexibility to the model. A fundamental requirement is that the hydraulic functions are monotonic: the retention function and the conductivity function can only decrease as the capillary suction increases. A stricter physical requirement for the conductivity function is that its decrease with respect to saturation is at least linear. This linear decrease would occur if all pores of a capillary bundle had an equal radius. In the first part of this contribution, we derive constraints for the so-called tortuosity parameter of the Mualem conductivity model, which allow highest possible flexibility on one hand and guarantee physical consistency on the other hand. In combination with the retention functions of Brooks and Corey, van Genuchten, or Durner, such a constraint can be expressed as a function of the pore-size distribution parameters. In the second part, we show that a common modification of retention models, which is applied to reach zero water content at finite suction, can lead to the physically unrealistic case of increasing water content with increasing suction. We propose a solution for this problem by slightly modifying these models and introducing a correct parameter constraint.  相似文献   

一种结合Freeman分解和散射熵的MRF多极化SAR影像分割算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张斌  马国锐  刘国英  秦前清 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,36(9):1064-1067

针对多极化SAR图像,采用Freeman分解理论,将其分为表面散射、偶次散射、体散射、混合散射4种散射机制,并通过H/Alpha分解提取散射熵,将地物初始分为12类,并运用聚合的层次聚类算法对初始分类结果进行合并。利用Wishart分布对特征场进行建模,用模拟退火优化方法求取基于最大后验准则下的分割结果。  相似文献   

Widespread overspill from a saline density‐current channel and its interaction with topography on the south‐west Black Sea shelf     

Richard N. Hiscott  Ali E. Aksu  Roger D. Flood  Vladimir Kostylev  Doğan Yaşar 《Sedimentology》2013,60(7):1639-1667

Seaward of the Bosphorus Strait, the south‐west Black Sea shelf is dominated by the world's largest channel network maintained by a quasi‐continuous saline (ca 35 → 31 psu) underflow. Calculations indicate that >85% of the initial discharge of ca 10⁴ m³s^?1 spills overbank before the shelf edge. This paper documents interaction of the overspill with sea bed topography using multibeam bathymetry, echo‐sounder images of the water column, conductivity–temperature–depth profiles and sediment cores. Overbank spill is widespread, particularly through crevasse channels and on the middle shelf where confinement by channel banks is negligible. Towards the outer shelf, the wind‐driven Rim Current advects mud along the shelf, contributing to levée successions and deposition on stoss sides of elongate transverse ridges. Echo‐sounder profiles reveal metre‐scale eddies over megaflutes, and breaking lee waves and internal hydraulic jumps over ridges. Megaflutes reach 600 m long and 7 m deep, yet form where the underflow, outside the flute, is no thicker than ca 2 to 5 m. Two types of elongate seaward‐facing ridges are recognized. Type 1 ridges, 2 to 5 m high, consist of bivalve‐rich muddy sand in low‐angle (3·5° to 6°) cross‐sets created by the underflow. Type 2 ridges, ca 5 m high, have crests up to 2 km long and a buried wedge‐shaped foundation (the ‘ridge‐core’) comprised of facies similar to Type 1 ridges. These ridge‐cores are blanketed on the landward side by stratified muds, and are capped by obliquely oriented ribs supporting a diverse benthic community. This facies distribution is interpreted to result from stoss‐side and lee‐side velocity and turbulence fluctuations induced by internal hydraulic jumps and breaking lee waves in overspilling portions of the underflow. Experimental results published by W.H. Snyder and co‐workers effectively explain ridge evolution and flow across the ridges, and therefore can be applied with confidence to less easily studied deep‐marine settings swept by turbidity currents.  相似文献   

钻孔灌注桩泥浆流变特性及水力参数研究分析     

郑秀华 《地质与勘探》2013,49(5):958-963

钻孔灌注桩泥浆主要功能是稳定孔壁、悬浮和携带钻渣,其泥浆流变特性和水力参数对泥浆作用至关重要。本文首先实验研究了钻孔灌注桩泥浆的流变特性;然后推导出了钻孔灌注桩泥浆流变参数的计算公式;最后分析了钻孔灌注桩泥浆稳定孔壁、携带和悬浮钻渣的特性,对评价和优化钻孔灌注桩泥浆具有重要理论和实践意义。  相似文献   

Discussion: Stratigraphy and structural summary of the Cooma metamorphic complex     

J. W. Granath 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1-2):115-118

Field and petrographic studies on granitic, hematitic and chloritic breccias in the central portion of the Mount Painter Inlier, South Australia, indicate that: (i) breccias and brecciated basement extend to depths exceeding 400 m and have gradational contacts; (ii) clasts are mainly autochthonous and contain fine‐scale hematite, chlorite or quartz veinlets and fractures; (iii) K‐metasomatism preceded hematitisation and chloritisation; (iv) hematitic breccia intrudes a pegmatite dyke correlated with the Ordovician Arkaroola Pegmatite; and (v) U, F and REE‐containing minerals are present in the Proterozoic basement rocks, and concentrated in the breccias.

With a single exception, δ³⁴S values for pyrite from the breccias and brecciated granites fall in the narrow range —2.9% to +3.5%, implying formation from magmatic emanations or reducing fluids that leached sulphide minerals of magmatic derivation. δ³⁴S values for three barite samples are all close to +16%o, and firm conclusions cannot be drawn from these data. Calcites from the same rock‐types as the pyrite have δ¹³C values of — 22.3%o to —4.2%o and δ¹⁸O values of —4.0%o to +23.1%., with an inverse δ¹³C/δ¹⁸O relationship. The more ¹³C‐depleted calcites probably incorporated CO₂ from organic C, and their δ¹⁸O values are compatible with precipitation from magmatic or metamorphic fluids; mixing of such fluids with meteoric waters is implied by the calcites with variably lower δ¹⁸O values.

The above features indicate that the major processes leading to brecciation and associated metasomatism were hydraulic fracturing and hydrothermal activity resulting from ascent of granitic magmas to shallow crustal levels during late stages (late Ordovician‐?Silurian) of the Delamerian Orogeny. Tectonic and sedimentary processes appear to have played relatively minor roles in breccia formation.  相似文献