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61.
在水分析计算中,经常涉及到变量之间的线性或非线性拟合,而在拟合各种特性曲线时,通常应用以实测资料与拟合曲线间的误差平方和最小作为目标函数的方法——最小二乘法,但这种方法忽视了所有实测点应与拟合曲线间的相对误差尽量不超过某一百分比的原则,为了达到上述要求,提出了非线性的加权最小二乘法及线性相关方程的最小距离平方和法,探讨改进了传统的最小二乘法达到优化的效果。最小距离平方和法与常用的图解法相比,本法所得成果较为客观;与传统的单方向(x或y方向)最小二乘回归法相比,所求线性方程不会因坐标系的选取而改变。最后应用算例进行了初步讨论。 相似文献
62.
任意面积储量计算方法研究 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
这里介绍了一种任意面积储量计算方法,该方法的核心技术是充分利用现有的石油勘探、开发数据库资料,由计算机来自动确定任意含油面积,进而通过容积法来计算石油储量。该方法解决了用求积仪来求取面积时的大量手工操作,在储量计算过程中自动化程度高,具有方便、灵活、实用的特点。 相似文献
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压裂井经济分析的优化方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水力压裂是油气井增产的一项重要技术措施。压裂效果的经济评价,实际上是一个压裂设计的优化过程。研究经济问题即为研究压裂优化问题。提出了压裂井的施工费用计算方法和贴现率、净收入、净现值的计算公式,并对压裂井进行了经济分析,给出了压裂设计优化的步骤。建立了八屋—后五家户气田压裂经济评价模型,并应用到实际施工现场。使油气单井产量比过去增加2~3倍。 相似文献
66.
A. P. Nicholas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(6):655-674
This paper reports the application of a two‐dimensional hydraulic model to a braided reach of the Avoca River, New Zealand. Field measurements of water surface elevation, depth and velocity obtained at low flow were used to validate the model and to optimize the parameterization of bed friction. The main systematic trends in the measured flow variables are reproduced by the model. However, field data are characterized by greater spatial variability than model output reflecting differences in the scale of processes measured in the field and represented by the model. Additional model runs were conducted to simulate flow patterns within the study reach at five higher discharges. The purpose of these simulations was to evaluate the potential for using two‐dimensional hydraulic models to quantify the reach‐scale hydraulic characteristics of braided rivers and their dependence on discharge. Changes in flow depth and velocity with increasing discharge exhibit trends that are consistent with the results of previous field investigations, although the tendency for the wetted area of the braidplain within particular depth and velocity categories to remain fixed as discharge rises, as has been noted for several braided rivers in New Zealand, was not observed. Modelled shear stress frequency distributions fit gamma functions that incorporate a distribution shape parameter, the value of which follows clear systematic trends with rising discharge. These results illustrate both the problems of, and potential for, using two‐dimensional hydraulic models in braided river applications. This leads to something of a paradox in that while such models provide a means of generating hydraulic information that would be difficult to obtain in the field at an equivalent spatial resolution, they are, due to the problems inherent to data collection, difficult to validate conclusively. Despite this limitation, the application of spatially distributed models to investigate relationships between discharge and reach‐scale form and process variables appears to have considerable potential. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The analysis of modal and normative composition of sedimentary rocks is widely used for studying their sources and tectonic settings. The normative calculation of the mineral composition of rocks in this study is formulated as a linear programming problem and is solved by means of the simplex method. This enables both simultaneous and successive subtraction of a set of basic minerals from a rock sample represented by its chemical composition {SiO2...LOI}. Such an approach provides a more exact calculation of the contribution of basic minerals in the rock. This mathematical approach is used to study two representative sets of sandstones and fine-grained rocks from a Meso- to Neoproterozoic marginal basin of southeastern Siberia (Uchur–Maya region, Yakutia) and a Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian uplifted continental block in Colorado, USA. The calculated normative mineral compositions of the Siberian sandstones are consistent with the observed modal compositions. These sandstones vary from K- Feldspar rich arkoses at the base of the sequence (the Uchur Group, lower Riphean) to quartz arenites or lithic sandstones and wacke in transgressive successions of the middle-upper Riphean. Arkoses and quartz arenites are dominant in Meso- to Neoproterozoic Siberia. These samples represent craton interior uplifted basement and quartzose, recycled orogen provenance of a stable craton in Rodinia. There are higher but consistent discrepancies between the calculated and observed compositions for the Pennsylvanian to Lower-Permian arkoses and quartz arenites (Sangre de Cristo, Belden, and Maroon Formations). The differences between the predicted and observed mineralogy may be due to uncertainties in the modes in the matrix and cement of the sandstones. This normative program should supplement modal calculations and provide better genetic constructions, especially in case of matrix-rich sandstones. 相似文献
69.
新疆月太阳总辐射气候学计算方法的研究 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
本文先对现有各种太阳总辐射气候学计算公式进行讨论,并确定Q=Q2为新疆最佳计算公式,然后根据新疆9个月日射站的资料分南疆,北疆两大区域按月给出区域统一式,最后验证了它们的计算效果。 相似文献
70.
三峡工程大江截流的水文技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
鉴于三峡工程大江截流水深大,流量大,工期紧,特别是截流过程中要考虑不断航因素,因此,在大江截流和二期围堰阶段的施工进程中,应充分考虑到各方面的因素,尽可能采取一切减少大江截流和二期围堰施工难度的手段和措施,其中水文测验,水文气象预报,河道观测,水文分析与计算和水力学计算等水文工作则是为顺利实施高质量大江截流的重要条件。 相似文献