山东省砂岩热储地热资源开发利用模式探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

秦耀军  张平平 《山东国土资源》2018,34(10)

通过对山东省砂岩热储地热资源、开发利用现状及存在问题的分析,结合社会、经济、环境效益及清洁能源应用需求,提出了地热供暖、梯级利用、多级取热、尾水回灌为适合山东省砂岩热储地热资源合理开发、高效利用及采灌均衡可持续开发利用模式。以此模式建立的山东省首个砂岩热储地热回灌示范工程——德州市水文家园,示范效果良好,促进了山东省鲁北地区地热供暖产业的持续健康发展,实现了社会、经济、生态环境的共赢。  相似文献   

Investigating the geomorphic characteristics of an Amazonian headwater stream draining a páramo ecosystem     

Christopher P. Ely 《自然地理学》2019,40(2):164-185

Páramos are neotropical alpine grasslands located in the northern Andes of South America. Although they cover important headwater regions, little is known about the hydro-geomorphic characteristics of páramo river systems, which are increasingly being impacted by human use and climate change. The objective of this research is to characterize the geomorphology of the Ningar River, Ecuador, an Amazonian headwater river that drains a 22.7 km2 páramo sub-basin, by (1) classifying the geomorphology based on common geomorphic classifications, (2) deriving downstream hydraulic geometry relationships, and (3) performing a global comparison with mountain river systems. Common geomorphic field surveying techniques were used to acquire the necessary data. Results suggest that the Ningar River has similar form-function characteristics as other known mountain headwater streams and corresponds to commonly known stream classification systems, but displays more of an alluvial character than might be expected for montane headwater streams as a result of a convexity in the stream’s longitudinal profile. Additionally, preliminary analyses suggest that other páramo headwater streams may exhibit similar characteristics; thus, the findings of this research are important for future management and protection of these valuable headwater ecosystems.  相似文献   

Physical-hydraulic properties of tropical sandy-loam soil in response to rice-husk dust and cattle dung amendments and surface mulching     

Gloria I. Ezenne  Jane Tanner 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(14):1746-1754

ABSTRACT

The effects of topsoil addition of rice-husk dust (RHD) and cattle dung (CD), alongside surface mulching with dry grasses/legume, on the infiltration characteristics and intrinsic structural properties of a deep, well-drained soil in southeastern Nigeria are assessed. Treatments are RHD-amended, CD-amended and “unamended”, each plot being either surface-mulched or left bare, with the unamended-bare plots as control. Amendments and mulch were applied at 20 t/ha equivalents. Their effects on the soil’s infiltration characteristics 7 months later were not evident; however, there was a tendency for differences: CD-amended ≥ RHD-amended ≥ unamended and surface-mulched ≥ bare-surface. By contrast, saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s ) differed thus: CD-mulched ≥ unamended-mulched > the rest. Similar values were recorded for K_s (50.89 cm/h) and final infiltration rate (50.74 cm/h) only under CD-amended plots, which also showed the highest values (43.50 cm/h) for transmissivity of the soil. Soil penetrometer resistance was lowest in CD-amended plots (113.44 kPa) and highest in unamended plots (166.78 kPa). Topsoil addition of cattle dung and surface mulching could increase infiltration, though marginally, and permeability of coarse-textured tropical soils beyond the season of their application when their effects on soil structure have almost waned.  相似文献   

Design Research on Drive System of Underwater Tapping Machine     

喻开安 《中国海洋工程》2009,23(1)

The underwater tapping machine is composed of a center bit,a tapping cutter,a sesl box,a main drive box,aboring bar assembly,a envelop,a gear case,a counter and so on.The drive system in underwater tapping machine consists of a worm drive,a gear drive system and a screw drive.The worm drive is in the main drive box.The worm is connected with a hydraulic motor and driven by the hydraulic motor.The gear drive system is a combined gear train which is the combinations of the fixed axes and differential gear train in the gear case.On the one hand,by means of the fixed axes gear trains the turn and power of transmission shaft are transferred to the boring bar and the screw rod,causing differential tam between the boring bar and the screw rod.On the other hand,the turns of the boring bar and the screw rod are transferred to the differential gear train.The differential gear train is used to drive a special counter to count axial travel of the boring bar.The screw drive is composed of a feed screw and a nut on the boring bar.There is the differential turn between the boring bar and the feed screw.By means of the nut,the boring bar can feed automatically.With the movement of the sliding gear 7 in the gear case,the designed drive system can also be provided with the ability of fast forward and fast backward movement of the boring bar in its idle motion,restdting in the increase of the tapping efficiency.  相似文献   

Infiltration mechanisms in a herbaceous peat: results of a controlled infiltration experiment/Mécanismes d'infiltration dans une tourbière herbacée: résultats d'une expérience d'infiltration contrôlée     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4)

Abstract

The theoretical spatial distribution of hydraulic head during infiltration is used to interpret the results of infiltration experiments made in the field on a single, isolated, column of herbaceous peat in a flood-plain wetland in central England. Crusts of different hydraulic resistance were applied to the column surface. These regulated the water influx enabling the hydraulic conductivity of the peat to be estimated at between 1 and 19.5 m day^-1. It is inferred that, when the hydraulic gradient changes, water may follow different pathways through the peat. Water moves rapidly through macropores in proportion to the applied hydraulic gradient, and infiltrates the peat matrix from the macropore walls. The results indicate the significance of hydraulic conductivity variations with depth, and the importance of precipitation intensity.  相似文献   

In situ quantification of spatial and temporal variability of hyporheic exchange in static and mobile gravel‐bed rivers     

Donald O. Rosenberry  P. Zion Klos  Andrew Neal 《水文研究》2012,26(4):604-612

Seepage meters modified for use in flowing water were used to directly measure rates of exchange between surface and subsurface water in a gravel‐ and cobble bed river in western Pennsylvania, USA (Allegheny River, Q_mean = 190 m³/s) and a sand‐ and gravel‐bed river in Colorado, USA (South Platte River, Q_mean = 9·7 m³/s). Study reaches at the Allegheny River were located downstream from a dam. The bed was stable with moss, algae, and river grass present in many locations. Median seepage was + 0·28 m/d and seepage was highly variable among measurement locations. Upward and downward seepage greatly exceeded the median seepage rate, ranging from + 2·26 (upward) to ? 3·76 (downward) m/d. At the South Platte River site, substantial local‐scale bed topography as well as mobile bedforms resulted in spatial and temporal variability in seepage greatly in exceedence of the median groundwater discharge rate of 0·24 m/d. Both upward and downward seepage were recorded along every transect across the river with rates ranging from + 2·37 to ? 3·40 m/d. Despite a stable bed, which commonly facilitates clogging by fine‐grained or organic sediments, seepage rates at the Allegheny River were not reduced relative to those at the South Platte River. Seepage rate and direction depended primarily on measurement position relative to local‐ and meso‐scale bed topography at both rivers. Hydraulic gradients were small at nearly all seepage‐measurement locations and commonly were not a good indicator of seepage rate or direction. Therefore, measuring hydraulic gradient and hydraulic conductivity at in‐stream piezometers may be misleading if used to determine seepage flux across the sediment‐water interface. Such a method assumes that flow between the well screen and sediment‐water interface is vertical, which appears to be a poor assumption in coarse‐grained hyporheic settings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A conceptual–numerical model to simulate hydraulic head in aquifers that are hydraulically connected to surface water bodies     

David Pulido‐Velazquez  Andrés Sahuquillo  Joaquín Andreu 《水文研究》2012,26(10):1435-1448

In this paper, we present a conceptual‐numerical model that can be deduced from a calibrated finite difference groundwater‐flow model, which provides a parsimonious approach to simulate and analyze hydraulic heads and surface water body–aquifer interaction for linear aquifers (linear response of head to stresses). The solution of linear groundwater‐flow problems using eigenvalue techniques can be formulated with a simple explicit state equation whose structure shows that the surface water body–aquifer interaction phenomenon can be approached as the drainage of a number of independent linear reservoirs. The hydraulic head field could be also approached by the summation of the head fields, estimated for those reservoirs, defined over the same domain set by the aquifer limits, where the hydraulic head field in each reservoir is proportional to a specific surface (an eigenfunction of an eigenproblem, or an eigenvector in discrete cases). All the parameters and initial conditions of each linear reservoir can be mathematically defined in a univocal way from the calibrated finite difference model, preserving its characteristics (geometry, boundary conditions, hydrodynamic parameters (heterogeneity), and spatial distribution of the stresses). We also demonstrated that, in practical cases, an accurate solution can be obtained with a reduced number of linear reservoirs. The reduced computational cost of these solutions can help to integrate the groundwater component within conjunctive use management models. Conceptual approximation also facilitates understanding of the physical phenomenon and analysis of the factors that influence it. A simple synthetic aquifer has been employed to show how the conceptual model can be built for different spatial discretizations, the parameters required, and their influence on the simulation of hydraulic head fields and stream–aquifer flow exchange variables. A real‐world case was also solved to test the accuracy of the proposed approaches, by comparing its solution with that obtained using finite‐difference MODFLOW code. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An automated routing methodology to enable direct rainfall in high resolution shallow water models     

Christopher C. Sampson  Paul D. Bates  Jeffrey C. Neal  Matthew S. Horritt 《水文研究》2013,27(3):467-476

Recent high profile flood events have highlighted the need for hydraulic models capable of simulating pluvial flooding in urban areas. This paper presents a constant velocity rainfall routing scheme that provides this ability within the LISFLOOD‐FP hydraulic modelling code. The scheme operates in place of the shallow water equations within cells where the water depth is below a user‐defined threshold, enabling rainfall‐derived water to be moved from elevated features such as buildings or curbstones without causing instabilities in the solution whilst also yielding a reduction in the overall computational cost of the simulation. Benchmarking against commercial modelling packages using a pluvial and point‐source test case demonstrates that the scheme does not impede the ability of LISFLOOD‐FP to match both predicted depths and velocities of full shallow water models. The stability of the scheme in conditions unsuitable for traditional two‐dimensional hydraulic models is then demonstrated using a pluvial test case over a complex urban digital elevation model containing buildings. Deterministic single‐parameter sensitivity analyses undertaken using this test case show limited sensitivity of predicted water depths to both the chosen routing speed within a physically plausible range and values of the depth threshold parameter below 10 mm. Local instabilities can occur in the solution if the depth threshold is >10 mm, but such values are not required even when simulating extreme rainfall rates. The scheme yields a reduction in model runtime of ~25% due to the reduced number of cells for which the hydrodynamic equations have to be solved. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A Crashworthy Device Against Ship-OWT Collision and Its Protection Effects on the Tower of Offshore Wind Farms     

任年鑫  欧进萍 《中国海洋工程》2009,23(4):593-602

At present,more and more offshore wind farms have been built and numerous projects are on the drawing tables.Therefore,the study on the safety of collision between ships and offshore wind turbines (OWT) is of great practical significance.The present study takes the advantage of the famous LS-DYNA explicit code to simulate the dynamic process of the collision between a typical 3MW offshore wind turbine model with monopile foundation and a simplified 2000t-class ship model.In the simulation,the added mass eff...  相似文献   

Depth‐dependent hydraulic conductivity distribution patterns of a streambed     

Xunhong Chen 《水文研究》2011,25(2):278-287

Characterization of streambed hydraulic conductivity from the channel surface to a great depth below the channel surface can provide needed information for the determination of stream‐aquifer hydrologic connectedness, and it is also important to river restoration. However, knowledge on the streambed hydraulic conductivity for sediments 1 m below the channel surface is scarce. This study describes a method that was used to determine the distribution patterns of streambed hydraulic conductivity for sediments from channel surface to a depth of 15 m below. The method includes Geoprobe's direct‐push techniques and Permeameter tests. Direct‐push techniques were used to generate the electrical conductivity (EC) logs and to collect sequences of continuous sediment cores from river channels, as well as from the alluvial aquifer connected to the river. Permeameter tests on these sediment cores give the profiles of vertical hydraulic conductivity (K_v) of the channel sediments and the aquifer materials. This method was applied to produce K_v profiles for a streambed and an alluvial aquifer in the Platte River Valley of Nebraska, USA. Comparison and statistical analysis of the K_v profiles from the river channel and from the proximate alluvial aquifer indicates a special pattern of K_v in the channel sediments. This depth‐dependent pattern of K_v distribution for the channel sediments is considered to be produced by hyporheic processes. This K_v‐distribution pattern implied that the effect of hyporheic processes on streambed hydraulic conductivity can reach the sediments about 9 m below the channel surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献