卤(盐)井维修施工技术探讨     

赵万志 《安徽地质》2009,19(4):303-304,307

卤（盐）井是岩盐矿山水采方式的主要手段,建井成本高,且每眼井对应一定范围的可采地下资源,对问题卤井的修复具有较广泛意义。根据本矿区卤井维修工程实例,介绍卤井维修施工中一些关键工艺和施工经验。  相似文献   

深厚覆盖层地基渗流场数值分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

白勇  柴军瑞  曹境英  张胜利 《岩土力学》2008,29(Z1):90-94

在深厚覆盖层地基上建坝,对于坝体和地基渗透稳定及渗流量的控制格外关键。针对深厚覆盖层地基,推求了二维渗流场的有限元计算格式,编写程序对工程实例进行有限元数值分析。工程实例分析表明,对于渗透系数较大的深厚覆盖层地基,只有当防渗墙完全封闭覆盖层才能取得良好的防渗效果;当深厚覆盖层的渗透系数较大时,单纯依靠延长铺盖的长度并不能有效的控制渗漏量;防渗墙未达到相对不透水层之前,覆盖层的渗透性对渗漏量起着控制作用。  相似文献   

夏桥矿井下蓄排水系统放水管数计算方法     

邵飞燕  孙亚军  凌成鹏 《煤田地质与勘探》2008,36(1):58-61

针对夏桥矿(已报废)各水平涌水量较大,拟建立井下蓄排水系统,并利用峰谷时电价差价对矿井排水时段进行优化,以节约排水费用,提出了井下水闸墙上预留放水管数的计算方法,即:探放水管数计算法和水力学计算法2种方法,并对2种方法进行了比较分析。水力学计算法比较符合放水实际,但没有考虑安全余量;探放水管计算法只是粗略概算,但安全系数比较高。实际应用中,宜采用两种方法互相验证,并考虑经济因素综合选定。   相似文献   

Sediment deposition and overland flow hydraulics in simulated vegetative filter strips under varying vegetation covers          下载免费PDF全文

Chun‐hong Zhao  Jian‐en Gao  Meng‐jie Zhang  Fei Wang  Tong Zhang 《水文研究》2016,30(2):163-175

Vegetative filter strips (VFSs) can effectively trap sediment in overland flow, but little information is available on its performance in controlling high‐concentration sediment and the runoff hydraulics in VFS. Flume experiments were conducted to investigate the sediment deposition, hydraulics of overland flow and their relationships in simulating VFS under a great range of sediment concentrations with four levels of vegetation cover (bare slope and 4%, 11% and 17%) and two flow rates (15 and 30 L min^?1). Sediment concentrations varied from 30 to 400 kg m^?3 and slope gradient was 9°. Both the deposited sediment load and deposition efficiency in VFS increased as the vegetation cover increased. Sediment concentration had a positive effect on the deposited load but no effect on deposition efficiency. A lower flow rate corresponded to greater deposition efficiency but had little effect on deposited load. Flow velocities decreased as vegetation cover increased. Sediment concentration had a negative effect on the mean velocity but no effect on surface velocity. Hydraulic resistance increased as the vegetation cover and sediment concentration increased. Sediment deposition efficiency had a much more pronounced relationship with overland flow hydraulics compared with deposited load, especially with the mean flow velocity, and there was a power relationship between them. Flow regime also affected the sediment deposition efficiency, and the efficiency was much higher under subcritical than supercritical flow. The results will be useful for the design of VFS and the control of sediment flowing into rivers in areas with serious soil erosion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Hydraulic visibility: Using satellite altimetry to parameterize a hydraulic model of an ungauged reach of a braided river          下载免费PDF全文

Pierre‐André Garambois  Stéphane Calmant  Hélène Roux  Adrien Paris  Jérôme Monnier  Pascal Finaud‐Guyot  Amanda Samine Montazem  Joecila Santos da Silva 《水文研究》2017,31(4):756-767

What hydraulic information can be gained from remotely sensed observations of a river's surface? In this study, we analyze the relationship between river bed undulations and water surfaces for an ungauged reach of the Xingu River, a first‐order tributary of the Amazon river. This braided reach is crosscut more than 10 times by a ENVISAT (ENVironmental SATellite) track that extends over 100 km. Rating curves based on a modeled discharge series and altimetric measurements are used, including the zero‐flow depth Z ₀ parameter, which describes river's bathymetry. River widths are determined from JERS (Japanese Earth Ressources Satellite) images. Hydrodynamic laws predict that irregularities in the geometry of a river bed produce spatial and temporal variations in the water level, as well as in its slope. Observation of these changes is a goal of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography satellite mission, which has a final objective of determining river discharge. First, the concept of hydraulic visibility is introduced, and the seasonality of water surface slope is highlighted along with different flow regimes and reach behaviors. Then, we propose a new single‐thread effective hydraulic approach for modeling braided rivers flows, based on the observation scales of current satellite altimetry. The effective hydraulic model is able to reproduce water surface elevations derived by satellite altimetry, and it shows that hydrodynamical signatures are more visible in areas where the river bed morphology varies significantly and for reaches with strong downstream control. The results of this study suggest that longitudinal variations of the slope might be an interesting criteria for the analysis of river segmentation into elementary reaches for the Surface Water Ocean Topography mission that will provide continuous measurements of the water surface elevations, the slopes, and the reach widths.  相似文献   

Physical Hydrography and Algal Bloom Transport in Hong Kong Waters   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

匡翠萍  李行伟 《中国海洋工程》2005,19(4):539-556

In sub-tropical coastal waters around Hong Kong, algal blooms and red tides are usually first sighted in the Mirs Bay, in the eastern waters of Hong Kong. A calibrated three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the Pearl River Estuary （Delft3D） has been applied to the study of the physical hydrography of Hong Kong waters and its relationship with algal bloom transport patterns in the dry and wet seasons. The general 3D hydrodynamic circulation and salinity structure in the partially-mixed estuary are presented. Extensive numerical surface drogue tracking experiments are performed for algal blooms that are initiated in the Mirs Bay under different seasonal, wind and tidal conditions. The probability of bloom impact on the Victoria Harbour and nearby urban coastal waters is estimated. The computations show that： i） In the wet season （May - August）, algal blooms initiated in the Mirs Bay will move in a clockwise direction out of the bay, and be transported away from Hong Kong due to SW monsoon winds which drive the SW to NE coastal current; ii） In the dry season （November- April）, algal blooms initiated in the northeast Mirs Bay will move in an anti-clockwise direction and be carried away into southern waters due to the NE to SW coastal current driven by the NE monsoon winds; the bloom typically flows past the east edge of the Victoria Harbeur and nearby waters. Finally, the role of hydrodynamic transport in an important episodic event -- the spring 1998 massive red tide -- is quantitatively examined. It is shown that the strong NE to E wind during late March to early April, coupled with the diurnal tide at the beginning of April, significantly increased the probability of bloom transport into the Port Shelter and East Lamma Channel, resulting in the massive fish kill. The results provide a basis for risk assessment of harmful algal bloom （HAB） impact on urban coastal waters around the Victoria Habour.  相似文献   

遥感尺度问题研究进展   总被引：56，自引：3，他引：56  

苏理宏  李小文  黄裕霞 《地球科学进展》2001,16(4):544-548

尺度是与空间现象有关的术语，在地学研究中更是一个重要的概念，忽视遥感观测的尺度效应，使得对地观测难以获得精确的地表参数，这一问题已经引起国际遥感界的重视，遥感物理建模和遥感数据应用都有尺度问题，像元尺度上地表参数的定量描述是建立遥感尺度转换模型和信息转换模型的基础，试图从尺度的定义，遥感尺度问题所涉及的内容和遥感尺度效应研究常用的技术方法等三个方面论述遥感尺度问题的研究进展，像元尺度上地表参数的定量描述是遥感信息尺度转换的基础。  相似文献   

Laboratory measurement of compaction-induced permeability change in porous rocks: Implications for the generation and maintenance of pore pressure excess in the crust   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Christian David  Teng-Fong Wong  Wenlu Zhu  Jiaxiang Zhang 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1994,143(1-3):425-456

Permeability exerts significant control over the development of pore pressure excess in the crust, and it is a physical quantity sensitively dependent on the pore structure and stress state. In many applications, the relation between permeability and effective mean stress is assumed to be exponential and that between permeability and porosity is assumed to be a power law, so that the pressure sensitivity of permeability is characterized by the coefficient and the porosity sensitivity by the exponent . In this study, we investigate experimentally the dependence of permeability on pressure and porosity in five sandstones with porosities ranging from 14% to 35% and we review published experimental data on intact rocks, unconsolidated materials and rock fractures. The laboratory data show that the pressure and porosity sensitivities differ significantly for different compaction mechanisms, but for a given compaction mechanism, the data can often be approximated by the empirical relations. The permeabilities of tight rocks and rock joints show relatively high pressure sensitivity and low porosity sensitivity. A wide range of values for and have been observed in relation to the mechanical compaction of porous rocks, sand and fault gouge, whereas the porosity sensitivity for chemical compaction processes is often observed to be given by 3. We show that since the ratio / corresponds to the pore compressibility, the different dependences of permeability on porosity and pressure are related to the pore structure and its compressibility. Guided by the laboratory data, we conduct numerical simulations on the development of pore pressure in crustal tectonic settings according to the models ofWalder andNur (1984) andRice (1992). Laboratory data suggest that the pressure sensitivity of fault gouge is relatively low, and to maintain pore pressure at close to the lithostatic value in the Rice model, a relatively high influx of fluid from below the seismogenic layer is necessary. The fluid may be injected as vertically propagating pressure pulses into the seismogenic system, andRice's (1992) critical condition for the existence of solitary wave is shown to be equivalent to >1, which is satisfied by most geologic materials in the laboratory. Laboratory data suggest that the porosity sensitivity is relatively high when the permeability is reduced by a coupled mechanical and chemical compaction process. This implies that in a crustal layer, pore pressure may be generated more efficiently than cases studied byWalder andNur (1984) who assumed a relatively low porosity sensitivity of =2.  相似文献   

A review of the ecohydrology discipline: Progress,challenges, and future directions in China     

XIA Jun  ZHANG Yongyong  MU Xingmin  ZUO Qiting  ZHOU Yujian  ZHAO Guangju 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(8):1085-1101

In recent decades,the ecohydrology discipline was developed to provide theoretical and technical foundations for the protection and restoration of complex ecological systems(e.g.,mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,and lakes),and to further ecological civilization construction and green development in China.In this study,the progress and challenges of the ecohydrology discipline are elaborated,and the future development directions are pro-posed according to international scientific frontiers and national ecological civilization con-struction demands.Overall,the main discipline directions are to develop new ecohydrological monitoring methods,to comprehensively understand ecohydrological mechanisms and their basic theories,to promote integration of multi-scale and multi-variable models by considering both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,and to encourage multidisciplinary integration,par-ticularly with the social sciences.Furthermore,the future research interests in China include:combining multi-source information,constructing comprehensive monitoring systems,study-ing spatiotemporal patterns of key ecohydrological variables and their variation characteris-tics,developing integrated models of ecological,hydrological,and economic processes,es-timating their uncertainty;and conducting interdisciplinary studies that include the natural and social sciences.The application prospects in China are further explored for a variety of eco-systems,including forests,grasslands,rivers,lakes,wetlands,farmlands,and cities.This study will provide a reference to support the development of the ecohydrology discipline in China,and will provide a solid theoretical and technical foundation for the implementation of national ecological civilization construction.  相似文献   

Strategies of Successful Anti-Dam Movements: Evidence from Myanmar and Thailand     

Julian Kirchherr 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(2):166-182

Scholars are rarely able to examine anti-dam movements that result in project suspensions or cancellations since these cases are rare empirically. Yet, they are central to understanding how anti-dam movements can succeed. This paper analyzes the movements against Myanmar’s Myitsone Dam and Thailand’s Kaeng Suea Ten Dam. Likely the most successful anti-dam movements in Southeast Asia in recent years, they achieved suspension over 6 and 37 years, respectively. The research is based on 60 semistructured interviews carried out over a period of 8 months. Leveraging thinking from both the constructionist and structural schools within the field of social movement studies, it is found that the framing of the Myitsone Dam as a project threatening the national cultural heritage of Myanmar (in combination with political change in the country in 2010/2011) largely explains the movement’s success. Meanwhile, the set of sophisticated tactics (including inter alia demonstrations, Thai Baan research, 24/7 monitoring of the dam site, and spiritual activities) was decisive for the efficacy of the movement against Thailand’s Kaeng Suea Ten Dam.  相似文献